1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Coastline
mainland 3,419 km; islands 2,413 km (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indentations which total as much as 16,093 km overall)
Land boundaries
2,579 km WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
4 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority
Labor force
1.9 million; 8.6% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 21.2% mining and manufacturing, 5.8% banking and financial services, 8.1% construction, 16.9% commerce, 9.2% transportation and communication, 29.3% services; 1.4% unemployed (1979 average)
Language
Norwegian, small Lapp and Finnish-speaking minorities
Literacy
100%
Nationality
noun—Norwegian(s); adjective—Norwegian
Organized labor
60% of labor force
Population
4,113,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.3%
Religion
95% Evangelical Lutheran, 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other
Government
Branches
legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts
Capital
Oslo
Communists
2,500 est.; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 24,618 votes cast in the 1981 election for the Norwegian Communist Party and the Red Electoral Alliance
Elections
held every four years (next in 1985) Political parties and leaders: Labor, Gro Harlem Brundtland; Conservative, Jo Benkow; Center, Johan J. Jakobsen; Christian People's, Kare Kristiansen; Liberal, Odd Einar Dorum; Socialist Left, Berge Furre; Norwegian Communist, Hans I. Kleven; Progressive, Carl I. Hagen Voting strength (1981 election): Labor, 37.3%; Conservative, 31.6%; Christian People's, 9.3%; Center, 6.7%; Socialist Left (Socialist Electoral Alliance, formerly antitax), 4.9%; Liberal, 3.9%; Progressive, 4.5%; Norwegian Communist, 0.3%; Red Electoral Alliance, 0.7%; Liberal People's Party (antitax), 0.6%
Government leaders
King OLAV V; Prime Minister Kare WILLOCH
Legal system
mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Member of
ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA (associate member), IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC—International Whaling Commission, IWC—International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG
National holiday
Constitution Day, 17 May
Official name
Kingdom of Norway
Political subdivisions
19 counties, 2 territories, 404 communes, 47 towns
Suffrage
universal, but not compulsory, over age 20
Type
constitutional monarchy
Economy
Agriculture
animal husbandry predominates; main crops—feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-sufficient; food shortages—food grains, sugar; caloric intake, 2,940 calories per day per capita (1969-70)
Aid
donor, bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $1.1 billion (1970-79)
Budget
(1980) revenues $15.0 billion, expenditures $18.7 billion
Crude steel
921,000 metric tons produced (1979), 230 kg per capita
Electric power
20,000,000 kW capacity (1980); 83.986 billion kWh produced (1980), 20,520 kWh per capita
Exports
$18,712 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items—oil, natural gas, metals, pulp and paper, fish products, ships, chemicals, oil
Fiscal year
calendar year
Fishing
catch 2.5 million metric tons (1979); exports $707 million (1979)
GNP
$55.4 billion in 1980, $13,549 per capita; 49% private consumption; 26% investment; 20% government; net foreign balance 2%; 1980 growth rate 3.6%, in constant prices; 4.8% average (1970-76)
Imports
$16,955 million (c.i.f., 1980); principal items—foodstuffs, ships, fuels, motor vehicles, iron and steel, chemical compounds, textiles
Major industries
oil and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, wood pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals Shortages: most raw materials with the exception of timber, petroleum, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore, dairy products and fish
Major trade partners
55% EC (25% UK, 14% West Germany, 6% Denmark); 15% Sweden; 6% US; 2% Eastern Bloc countries (1979)
Monetary conversion rate
1 kroner = US$0.202 (1980)
Communications
Airfields
103 total, 102 usable; 52 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
51 major transport aircraft
Highways
78,116 km total; 17,699 km concrete and bitumen; 19,277 km bituminous treated; 41,140 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth
Inland waterways
1,577 km; 1.5-2.4 m draft vessels maximum
Pipelines
refined products, 53 km
Ports
9 major, 69 minor
Railroads
4,257 km standard gauge (1.435 m); Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4,241 km (2,440 km electrified and 91 km double track); 16 km privately owned and electrified
Telecommunications
high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services; 1.73 million telephones (42.3 per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 685 FM, and 1,320 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 6 domestic satellite stations
Military and Security
Military manpower
males 15-49, 1,002,000; 815,000 fit for military service; 33,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $1.3 billion; about 8.8% of proposed central government budget