2014 Edition

Background

The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.

Area

267,710 sq km 267,710 sq km NA includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands

total

267,710 sq km

water

NA

Area - comparative

Area comparison map:

Climate

temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Coastline

15,134 km

Elevation extremes

Pacific Ocean 0 m Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m

highest point

Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m

lowest point

Pacific Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species

Environment - international agreements

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

party to

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

4.75 cu km/yr (23%/5%/72%) 1,200 cu m/yr (2010)

per capita

1,200 cu m/yr (2010)

total

4.75 cu km/yr (23%/5%/72%)

Geographic coordinates

41 00 S, 174 00 E

Geography - note

almost 90% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world

Irrigated land

6,193 sq km (2007)

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

1.76% 0.27% 97.98% (2011)

arable land

1.76%

other

97.98% (2011)

permanent crops

0.27%

Location

Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia

Map references

Oceania

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (elev. 2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island

volcanism

significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (elev. 2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island

Natural resources

natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone

Terrain

predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains

Total renewable water resources

327 cu km (2011)

Age structure

20% (male 450,985/female 429,184) 13.9% (male 313,711/female 298,427) 40.4% (male 890,678/female 888,565) 11.4% (male 245,084/female 255,879) 14% (male 290,429/female 338,974) (2014 est.)

0-14 years

20% (male 450,985/female 429,184)

15-24 years

13.9% (male 313,711/female 298,427)

25-54 years

40.4% (male 890,678/female 888,565)

55-64 years

11.4% (male 245,084/female 255,879)

65 years and over

14% (male 290,429/female 338,974) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

13.4 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Death rate

7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios

52.5 % 30.7 % 21.8 % 4.6 (2014 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

21.8 %

potential support ratio

4.6 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio

52.5 %

youth dependency ratio

30.7 %

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2012 est.)

urban

0% of population

Education expenditures

7.4% of GDP (2012)

Ethnic groups

European 71.2%, Maori 14.1%, Asian 11.3%, Pacific peoples 7.6%, Middle Eastern, Latin American, African 1.1%, other 1.6%, not stated or unidentified 5.4% based on the 2013 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group (2013 est.)

Health expenditures

10.1% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

2,500 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

2.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

4.59 deaths/1,000 live births 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

female

4.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

total

4.59 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

English (de facto official) 89.8%, Maori (de jure official) 3.5%, Samoan 2%, Hindi 1.6%, French 1.2%, Northern Chinese 1.2%, Yue 1%, Other or not stated 20.5%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) shares sum to 120.8% due to multiple responses on census (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

80.93 years 78.88 years 83.08 years (2014 est.)

female

83.08 years (2014 est.)

total population

80.93 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 99% 99% 99% (2003 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

99% (2003 est.)

male

99%

total population

99%

Major urban areas - population

Auckland 1.452 million; WELLINGTON (capital) 410,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

15 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

37.6 years 36.7 years 38.4 years (2014 est.)

female

38.4 years (2014 est.)

male

36.7 years

total

37.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

27.8 median age at first birth (2009 est.)

Nationality

New Zealander(s) New Zealand

adjective

New Zealand

noun

New Zealander(s)

Net migration rate

2.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

28.3% (2008)

Physicians density

2.74 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

4,401,916 (July 2014 est.)

Population growth rate

0.83% (2014 est.)

Religions

Christian 44.3% (Catholic 11.6%, Anglican 10.8%, Presbyterian and Congregational 7.8%, Methodist, 2.4%, Pentecostal 1.8%, other 9.9%), Hindu 2.1%, Buddhist 1.4%, Maori Christian 1.3%, Islam 1.1%, other religion 1.4% (includes Judaism, Spiritualism and New Age religions, Baha'i, Asian religions other than Buddhism), no religion 38.5%, not stated or unidentified 8.2%, objected to answering 4.1% based on the 2013 census of the usually resident population; percentages add up to more than 100% because people were able to identify more than one religion (2013 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

19 years 19 years 20 years (2011)

female

20 years (2011)

male

19 years

total

19 years

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1.05 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female 0.85 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.85 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.05 children born/woman (2014 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

17.7% 17.3% 18.1% (2012)

female

18.1% (2012)

total

17.7%

Urbanization

86.2% of total population (2011) 1.09% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

1.09% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

86.2% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

16 regions and 1 territory*; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Chatham Islands*, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast

Capital

Wellington 41 18 S, 174 47 E UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April New Zealand has two time zones - New Zealand standard time (12 hours in advance of UTC), and Chatham Islands time (45 minutes in advance of New Zealand standard time)

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April

geographic coordinates

41 18 S, 174 47 E

name

Wellington

time difference

UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

Constitution Act 1986 (the principal formal charter) adopted and effective 1 January 1987; amended 1999, 2005 (2013)

Country name

none New Zealand NZ

abbreviation

NZ

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

New Zealand

Dependent areas

Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Marie C. DAMOUR note - also accredited to Samoa 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 [64] (4) 462-6000 [64] (4) 499-0490 Auckland

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Marie C. DAMOUR note - also accredited to Samoa

consulate(s) general

Auckland

embassy

29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington

FAX

[64] (4) 499-0490

mailing address

P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034

telephone

[64] (4) 462-6000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Michael Kenneth MOORE (since 5 August 2010) 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 328-4800 [1] (202) 667-5227 New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), Santa Monica (CA)

chancery

37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Michael Kenneth MOORE (since 5 August 2010)

consulate(s) general

New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), Santa Monica (CA)

FAX

[1] (202) 667-5227

telephone

[1] (202) 328-4800

Executive branch

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Lt. Gen. Sir Jerry MATEPARAE (since 31 August 2011) Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Simon William ENGLISH (since 19 November 2008) Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general

cabinet

Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Lt. Gen. Sir Jerry MATEPARAE (since 31 August 2011)

elections

the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general

head of government

Prime Minister John KEY (since 19 November 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Simon William ENGLISH (since 19 November 2008)

Flag description

blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation

Government - note

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Government type

parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Independence

26 September 1907 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice ) note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London, as the final appeals court justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the attorney-general; justices appointed for life Court of Appeal; High Court; tribunals and authorities; district courts; specialized courts for issues related to employment, environment, Maori lands, and military

highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices including the chief justice )

judge selection and term of office

justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the attorney-general; justices appointed for life

subordinate courts

Court of Appeal; High Court; tribunals and authorities; district courts; specialized courts for issues related to employment, environment, Maori lands, and military

Legal system

common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori

Legislative branch

unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (usually 120 seats; 70 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, 50 proportional seats chosen from party lists; serve three-year terms) last held on 26 November 2011 (next to be held not later than November 2014) percent of vote by party - National Party 48%, Labor Party 27.1%, Green Party 10.6%, NZ First 6.8%, Maori 1.4%, ACT Party 1.1%, Mana 1%, United Future 0.6%, other 3.43%; seats by party - National Party 60, Labor Party 34, Green Party 13, NZ First 8, Maori 3, ACT Party 1, Mana 1, United Future 1 results of 2011 election saw the total number of seats decline to 121

election results

percent of vote by party - National Party 48%, Labor Party 27.1%, Green Party 10.6%, NZ First 6.8%, Maori 1.4%, ACT Party 1.1%, Mana 1%, United Future 0.6%, other 3.43%; seats by party - National Party 60, Labor Party 34, Green Party 13, NZ First 8, Maori 3, ACT Party 1, Mana 1, United Future 1

elections

last held on 26 November 2011 (next to be held not later than November 2014)

National anthem

"God Defend New Zealand" Thomas BRACKEN [English], Thomas Henry SMITH [Maori]/John Joseph WOODS adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to "God Defend New Zealand," "God Save the Queen" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); "God Save the Queen" normally is played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" is played

lyrics/music

Thomas BRACKEN [English], Thomas Henry SMITH [Maori]/John Joseph WOODS

name

"God Defend New Zealand"

National holiday

Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)

National symbol(s)

Southern Cross constellation (four, five-pointed stars); kiwi (bird), silver fern

Political parties and leaders

ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE] Green Party [Russel NORMAN and Metiria TUREI] Mana Party [Hone HARAWIRA] Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. Pita SHARPLES] New Zealand National Party [John KEY] New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS] New Zealand Labor Party [Phil GOFF] Jim Anderton's Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON] United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups

other

apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

dairy products, lamb and mutton; wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef; fish

Budget

$69.17 billion $72.65 billion (2013 est.)

expenditures

$72.65 billion (2013 est.)

revenues

$69.17 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.9% of GDP (2013 est.)

Central bank discount rate

2.5% (31 December 2009) 5% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.7% (31 December 2013 est.) 5.82% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

-$8.358 billion (2013 est.) -$8.508 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$81.36 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $85.18 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

36.2 (1997)

Economy - overview

Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, helping fuel a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for economic managers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08; international capital inflows attracted to the high rates further strengthened the currency and housing market, however, aggravating the current account deficit. The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy pulled out of recession late in 2009, and achieved 2-3% per year growth in 2010-13. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand. The government plans to raise productivity growth and develop infrastructure, while reining in government spending.

Exchange rates

New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.247 (2013 est.) 1.2334 (2012 est.) 1.3874 (2010 est.) 1.6002 (2009) 1.4151 (2008)

Exports

$37.84 billion (2013 est.) $37.87 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery

Exports - partners

Australia 21.1%, China 15%, US 9.2%, Japan 7% (2012)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March this is the fiscal year for tax purposes

GDP - composition, by end use

58.1% 19.9% 20.2% 0.5% 30% -28.7% (2013 est.)

exports of goods and services

30%

government consumption

19.9%

household consumption

58.1%

imports of goods and services

-28.7%

investment in fixed capital

20.2%

investment in inventories

0.5%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

5% 25.5% 69.5% (2013 est.)

agriculture

5%

industry

25.5%

services

69.5% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$30,400 (2013 est.) $29,900 (2012 est.) $29,300 (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

2.5% (2013 est.) 2.7% (2012 est.) 1.4% (2011 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$181.1 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$136 billion (2013 est.) $132.7 billion (2012 est.) $129.2 billion (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

Gross national saving

15.9% of GDP (2013 est.) 14.5% of GDP (2012 est.) 14.5% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$37.35 billion (2013 est.) $37.04 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, vehicles, aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics

Imports - partners

China 16.4%, Australia 15.2%, US 9.3%, Japan 6.5%, Singapore 4.8%, Germany 4.4% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

1.9% (2013 est.)

Industries

food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking, insurance, tourism, mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.3% (2013 est.) 1.1% (2012 est.)

Labor force

2.413 million (2013 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

7% 19% 74% (2006 est.)

agriculture

7%

industry

19%

services

74% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA (31 December 2012 est.) $71.66 billion (31 December 2011) $71.83 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

38.4% of GDP (2013 est.) 38.1% of GDP (2012 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$20.01 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $17.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$91.28 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $84.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$59.08 billion (31 December 2009)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$84.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $81.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$256.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $265.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$30.03 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $29.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

38.2% of GDP (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

6.4% (2013 est.) 6.9% (2012 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

37.17 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

47,290 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

99,810 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

48,190 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

81.4 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption

40.76 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

31.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

54.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

14% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

9.679 million kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

43.54 billion kWh (2011 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

4.537 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2012 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2012 est.)

Natural gas - production

4.59 billion cu m (2012 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

29.42 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

148,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

2,471 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

41,170 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

109,700 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)

Internet country code

.nz

Internet hosts

3.026 million (2012)

Internet users

3.4 million (2009)

Telephone system

excellent domestic and international systems combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2011)

domestic

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons

general assessment

excellent domestic and international systems

international

country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

1.88 million (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

4.922 million (2012)

Airports

123 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

12

2,438 to 3,047 m

1

914 to 1,523 m

23

over 3,047 m

2

total

39

under 914 m

1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

48 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

3

914 to 1,523 m

33

total

84

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 2 7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1) 5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2010)

foreign-owned

7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1)

registered in other countries

5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2010)

total

15

Pipelines

condensate 331 km; gas 1,936 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington

major seaport(s)

Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington

Railways

4,128 km 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2008)

total

4,128 km

Roadways

94,160 km 62,759 km (includes 199 km of expressways) 32,143 km (2012)

total

94,160 km

unpaved

32,143 km (2012)

Manpower available for military service

1,019,798 1,003,429 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

1,003,429 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

1,019,798

Manpower fit for military service

843,526 828,779 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

828,779 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

843,526

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

30,846 28,825 (2010 est.)

female

28,825 (2010 est.)

male

30,846

Military branches

New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army; Royal New Zealand Navy; Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)

New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF)

New Zealand Army; Royal New Zealand Navy; Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)

Military expenditures

1.13% of GDP (2012) 1.12% of GDP (2011) 1.13% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation

17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; 3 years of secondary education required; must be a citizen of NZ, the UK, Australia, Canada, or the US, and resident of NZ for the previous 5 years (2013)

Disputes - international

asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)

Illicit drugs

significant consumer of amphetamines