2016 Edition

Background

Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando GUEBUZA, served two terms and then passed executive power to Filipe NYUSI in October 2014. RENAMO’s residual armed forces engaged in a low-level insurgency from 2012 to 2014.

Area

799,380 sq km 786,380 sq km 13,000 sq km

land

786,380 sq km

total

799,380 sq km

water

13,000 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate

tropical to subtropical

Coastline

2,470 km

Elevation

345 m lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point

Monte Binga 2,436 m

mean elevation

345 m

Environment - current issues

increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

18 15 S, 35 00 E

Geography - note

the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country

Irrigated land

1,180 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

4,783 km Malawi 1,498 km, South Africa 496 km, Swaziland 108 km, Tanzania 840 km, Zambia 439 km, Zimbabwe 1,402 km

border countries (6)

Malawi 1,498 km, South Africa 496 km, Swaziland 108 km, Tanzania 840 km, Zambia 439 km, Zimbabwe 1,402 km

total

4,783 km

Land use

56.3% arable land 6.4%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 49.6% 43.7% 0% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

56.3%

forest

43.7%

other

0% (2011 est.)

Location

Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

12 nm 200 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Natural resources

coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Terrain

mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Age structure

44.92% (male 5,856,623/female 5,791,519) 21.51% (male 2,741,474/female 2,835,474) 27.24% (male 3,301,883/female 3,762,626) 3.42% (male 425,312/female 462,125) 2.9% (male 345,408/female 407,706) (2016 est.)

0-14 years

44.92% (male 5,856,623/female 5,791,519)

15-24 years

21.51% (male 2,741,474/female 2,835,474)

25-54 years

27.24% (male 3,301,883/female 3,762,626)

55-64 years

3.42% (male 425,312/female 462,125)

65 years and over

2.9% (male 345,408/female 407,706) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

38.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

1,369,080 22% (2008 est.)

percentage

22% (2008 est.)

total number

1,369,080

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

15.6% (2011)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

11.6% (2011)

Death rate

11.9 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Demographic profile

Mozambique is a poor, sparsely populated country with high fertility and mortality rates and a rapidly growing youthful population – 45% of the population is younger than 15. Mozambique’s high poverty rate is sustained by natural disasters, disease, high population growth, low agricultural productivity, and the unequal distribution of wealth. The country’s birth rate is among the world’s highest, averaging around more than 5 children per woman (and higher in rural areas) for at least the last three decades. The sustained high level of fertility reflects gender inequality, low contraceptive use, early marriages and childbearing, and a lack of education, particularly among women. The high population growth rate is somewhat restrained by the country’s high HIV/AIDS and overall mortality rates. Mozambique ranks among the worst in the world for HIV/AIDS prevalence, HIV/AIDS deaths, and life expectancy at birth. Mozambique is predominantly a country of emigration, but internal, rural-urban migration has begun to grow. Mozambicans, primarily from the country’s southern region, have been migrating to South Africa for work for more than a century. Additionally, approximately 1.7 million Mozambicans fled to Malawi, South Africa, and other neighboring countries between 1979 and 1992 to escape from civil war. Labor migrants have usually been men from rural areas whose crops have failed or who are unemployed and have headed to South Africa to work as miners; multiple generations of the same family often become miners. Since the abolition of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, other job opportunities have opened to Mozambicans, including in the informal and manufacturing sectors, but mining remains their main source of employment.

Dependency ratios

94.8% 88.2% 6.5% 15.3% (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

6.5%

potential support ratio

15.3% (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

94.8%

youth dependency ratio

88.2%

Drinking water source

urban: 80.6% of population rural: 37% of population total: 51.1% of population urban: 19.4% of population rural: 63% of population total: 48.9% of population (2015 est.)

rural

63% of population

total

48.9% of population (2015 est.)

urban

19.4% of population

Education expenditures

6.5% of GDP (2013)

Ethnic groups

African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%

Health expenditures

7% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

10.55% (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

39,000 (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

1,505,900 (2015 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

67.9 deaths/1,000 live births 70 deaths/1,000 live births 65.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)

female

65.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)

male

70 deaths/1,000 live births

total

67.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)

Life expectancy at birth

53.3 years 52.6 years 54.1 years (2016 est.)

female

54.1 years (2016 est.)

male

52.6 years

total population

53.3 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 58.8% 73.3% 45.4% (2015 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

45.4% (2015 est.)

male

73.3%

total population

58.8%

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever malaria and dengue fever schistosomiasis rabies (2016)

animal contact disease

rabies (2016)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

malaria and dengue fever

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Major urban areas - population

MAPUTO (capital) 1.187 million; Matola 937,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

489 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

17.1 years 16.5 years 17.7 years (2016 est.)

female

17.7 years (2016 est.)

male

16.5 years

total

17.1 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

18.9 median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)

Nationality

Mozambican(s) Mozambican

adjective

Mozambican

noun

Mozambican(s)

Net migration rate

-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

4.5% (2014)

Physicians density

0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2012)

Population

25,930,150 estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.)

note

estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.)

Population growth rate

2.45% (2016 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 28.4%, Muslim 17.9%, Zionist Christian 15.5%, Protestant 12.2% (includes Pentecostal 10.9% and Anglican 1.3%), other 6.7%, none 18.7%, unspecified 0.7% (2007 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 42.4% of population rural: 10.1% of population total: 20.5% of population urban: 57.6% of population rural: 89.9% of population total: 79.5% of population (2015 est.)

rural

89.9% of population

total

79.5% of population (2015 est.)

urban

57.6% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

9 years 10 years 9 years (2014)

female

9 years (2014)

male

10 years

total

9 years

Sex ratio

1.02 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 0.97 male(s)/female 0.88 male(s)/female 0.92 male(s)/female 0.85 male(s)/female 0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.01 male(s)/female

15-24 years

0.97 male(s)/female

25-54 years

0.88 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.85 male(s)/female

at birth

1.02 male(s)/female

total population

0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.15 children born/woman (2016 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

39.4% 40.2% 38.7% (2012 est.)

female

38.7% (2012 est.)

male

40.2%

total

39.4%

Urbanization

32.2% of total population (2015) 3.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

32.2% of total population (2015)

Administrative divisions

10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

Capital

Maputo 25 57 S, 32 35 E UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

25 57 S, 32 35 E

name

Maputo

time difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique no 5 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

5 years

Constitution

previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004; amended 2007; note - amendments drafted in late 2013 were rejected by parliament in late 2015 (2016)

Country name

Republic of Mozambique Mozambique Republica de Mocambique Mocambique Portuguese East Africa named for the offshore island of Mozambique; the island was apparently named after Mussa al-BIK, an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century

conventional long form

Republic of Mozambique

conventional short form

Mozambique

etymology

named for the offshore island of Mozambique; the island was apparently named after Mussa al-BIK, an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century

former

Portuguese East Africa

local long form

Republica de Mocambique

local short form

Mocambique

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador H. Dean PITTMAN (since 18 February 2016) Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo P.O. Box 783, Maputo [258] (21) 49 2797 [258] (21) 49 0114

chief of mission

Ambassador H. Dean PITTMAN (since 18 February 2016)

embassy

Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo

FAX

[258] (21) 49 0114

mailing address

P.O. Box 783, Maputo

telephone

[258] (21) 49 2797

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Carlos dos SANTOS (since 28 January 2016) 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 [1] (202) 293-7146 [1] (202) 835-0245

chancery

1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

chief of mission

Ambassador Carlos dos SANTOS (since 28 January 2016)

FAX

[1] (202) 835-0245

telephone

[1] (202) 293-7146

Executive branch

President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015) Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015); Alberto Clementino Antonio VAQUINA removed from office 9 January 2015 Cabinet appointed by the president president elected directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); prime minister appointed by the president Filipe NYUSI elected president; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 57.0%, Afonso DHLAKAMA (RENAMO) 36.6%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 6.4%

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president

chief of state

President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015)

election results

Filipe NYUSI elected president; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 57.0%, Afonso DHLAKAMA (RENAMO) 36.6%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 6.4%

elections/appointments

president elected directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019); prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015); Alberto Clementino Antonio VAQUINA removed from office 9 January 2015

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms

subordinate courts

Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts

Legal system

mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, and customary law; note - in rural, predominately Muslim villages with no formal legal system, Islamic law may be applied

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members - including 2 representing Mozambicans abroad - directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019) percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 55.9%, RENAMO 32.5%, MDM 8.4%, other 3.3%; seats by party - FRELIMO 144, RENAMO 89, MDM 17

description

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members - including 2 representing Mozambicans abroad - directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 55.9%, RENAMO 32.5%, MDM 8.4%, other 3.3%; seats by party - FRELIMO 144, RENAMO 89, MDM 17

elections

last held on 15 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2019)

National anthem

"Patria Amada" (Lovely Fatherland) Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown adopted 2002

lyrics/music

Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown

name

"Patria Amada" (Lovely Fatherland)

note

adopted 2002

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

National symbol(s)

national colors: green, black, yellow, white, red

national colors

green, black, yellow, white, red

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO] Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYOSOI] Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry

Budget

$4.382 billion $5.285 billion (2015 est.)

expenditures

$5.285 billion (2015 est.)

revenues

$4.382 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-6% of GDP (2015 est.)

Central bank discount rate

9.5% (17 January 2013) 3.25% (31 December 2010)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

14.87% (31 December 2015 est.) 14.8% (31 December 2014 est.)

Current account balance

-$6.185 billion (2015 est.) -$5.797 billion (2014 est.)

Debt - external

$9.743 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $9.171 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

45.6 (2008) 47.3 (2002)

Economy - overview

At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP from $4 billion in 1993, following the war, to about $34 billion in 2015. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, more than half the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. Citizens rioted in September 2010 after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on the population, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. A substantial trade imbalance persists, although aluminum production from the Mozal Aluminum Smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican Government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company, a significant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt was reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives. However, in 2013, the Mozambique Tuna Company (EMATUM) issued an $850 million bond fully guaranteed by the Mozambican government primarily for the purpose of purchasing tuna boats. The government is attempting to reschedule this debt, in the expectation that a pending deal with a consortium led by a US company will provide enough revenue to pay off this debt. The pending deal has the potential to transform Mozambique’s economy and dramatically increase GDP. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to sustain high growth rates in coming years although weaker global demand for commodities is likely to weaken expected revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium, and hydroelectric capacity.

Exchange rates

meticais (MZM) per US dollar - 39.983 (2015 est.) 31.367 (2014 est.) 31.367 (2013 est.) 28.38 (2012 est.) 29.075 (2011 est.)

Exports

$3.413 billion (2015 est.) $3.916 billion (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities

aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity

Exports - partners

South Africa 24.9%, China 10.2%, Italy 8.9%, India 8.9%, Belgium 7.9%, Spain 4.4% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

71.6% 25.8% 38.1% 3.7% 26.2% -65.4% (2015 est.)

exports of goods and services

26.2%

government consumption

25.8%

household consumption

71.6%

imports of goods and services

-65.4% (2015 est.)

investment in fixed capital

38.1%

investment in inventories

3.7%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

25.5% 20.1% 54.4% (2015 est.)

agriculture

25.5%

industry

20.1%

services

54.4% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,200 (2015 est.) $1,100 (2014 est.) $1,100 (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars

note

data are in 2015 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

6.3% (2015 est.) 7.4% (2014 est.) 7.1% (2013 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$14.97 billion (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$33.19 billion (2015 est.) $31.22 billion (2014 est.) $29.06 billion (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars

note

data are in 2015 US dollars

Gross national saving

-0.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 12% of GDP (2014 est.) 15.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

1.9% 36.7% (2008)

highest 10%

36.7% (2008)

lowest 10%

1.9%

Imports

$7.577 billion (2015 est.) $7.952 billion (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports - partners

South Africa 26.8%, China 19.3%, India 13.9% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

8.6% (2015 est.)

Industries

aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.6% (2015 est.) 2.6% (2014 est.)

Labor force

12.92 million (2015 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

81% 6% 13% (1997 est.)

agriculture

81%

industry

6%

services

13% (1997 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

52% (2009 est.)

Public debt

75.8% of GDP (2015 est.) 64.2% of GDP (2014 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.582 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $3.22 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of broad money

$7.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $7.871 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$5.565 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $5.529 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$4.758 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $5.405 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

29.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

17% (2007 est.) 21% (1997 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

3.9 million Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)

Electricity - consumption

12 billion kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity - exports

10 billion kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

10.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

89.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - imports

7.7 billion kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

2.6 million kW (2014 est.)

Electricity - production

17 billion kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity access

15,700,000 39% 66% 27% (2013)

electrification - rural areas

27% (2013)

electrification - total population

39%

electrification - urban areas

66%

population without electricity

15,700,000

Natural gas - consumption

1.8 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - exports

3.8 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - production

5.6 billion cu m (2014 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

2.832 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

19,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

19,920 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Broadcast media

1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.mz

Internet users

2.277 million 9% (July 2015 est.)

percent of population

9% (July 2015 est.)

total

2.277 million

Telephone system

a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges extremely low fixed-line teledensity contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads; mobile-cellular teledensity now about 80 per 100 persons country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2015)

domestic

extremely low fixed-line teledensity contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads; mobile-cellular teledensity now about 80 per 100 persons

general assessment

a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges

international

country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

89,292 less than 1 (July 2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

less than 1 (July 2015 est.)

total subscriptions

89,292

Telephones - mobile cellular

20.135 million 80 (July 2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

80 (July 2015 est.)

total

20.135 million

Airports

98 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

4 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

9

2,438 to 3,047 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

5

over 3,047 m

1

total

21

under 914 m

4 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

38 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

9

2,438 to 3,047 m

1

914 to 1,523 m

29

total

77

under 914 m

38 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

C9 (2016)

Merchant marine

cargo 2 2 (Belgium 2) (2010)

by type

cargo 2

foreign-owned

2 (Belgium 2) (2010)

total

2

National air transport system

686,892 5,138,916 mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

5,138,916 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

686,892

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

16

number of registered air carriers

3

Pipelines

gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

Beira, Maputo, Nacala

major seaport(s)

Beira, Maputo, Nacala

Railways

4,787 km 4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)

narrow gauge

4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2014)

total

4,787 km

Roadways

30,331 km 6,303 km 24,028 km (2009)

paved

6,303 km

total

30,331 km

unpaved

24,028 km (2009)

Waterways

460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)

Military branches

Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)

Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM)

Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)

Military service age and obligation

registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)

Disputes - international

South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration

Illicit drugs

southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Refugees and internally displaced persons

9,082 (Congo, Democratic Republic of the) (2015) 61,102 (2015 floods) (2015)

IDPs

61,102 (2015 floods) (2015)

refugees (country of origin)

9,082 (Congo, Democratic Republic of the) (2015)