1986 Edition

Agriculture

cash crops — raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal, rice; other crops — corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, cassava; imports corn and wheat

livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predominates; subsistence crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised, but most food must be imported

Airfields

239 total, 210 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 31 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

151 total, 141 usable; 21 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 63 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

783,030 km2; larger than Texas; 56% wood and forest; 30% arable, of which 1% cultivated; 14% waste and inland water

Branch

unicameral legislature (People's Assembly; last convened in December 1985)

Branches

Mozambique Armed Forces (including Army, Border Guard, Naval Command, Air Force)

since September 1977 Administrator General, appointed by South African Government, has exercised coordinative functions over zone of white settlement and tribal homelands, where traditional chiefs and representative bodies exercise limited autonomy; veto power over legislation proposed by National Assembly; interim government established June 1985 with 8-member Cabinet, 16-member Constitutional Council and 62-member National Assembly

Budget

(1982) current expenditures, $500 million; revenues, $600 million

Capital

Maputo

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

3 major transport aircraft

Coastline

2,470 km People

1,489 km People

Communists

FRELIMO is a Marxist organization and maintains close ties to the Soviet Union and its allies but has recently taken steps to improve relations with the West and neighboring South Africa

no Communist Party; SWAPO guerrilla force is supported by Soviet Union, Cuba, and other Communist states as well as OAU

Elections

general elections announced for Political parties and leaders: the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party

last election of Namibian National Assembly, December 1978 Political parties and leaders: approximately 45 political parties; member parties of the interim MultiParty Conference government— Multisocial Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), Dirk Mudge; SouthWest African National Union (SWANU), Moses Katjiuongua; SouthWest African People's Organization Democrats (SWAPO-D), Andreas Shipanga; South-West African National Party (SWANP), Kosie Pretorius; Colored Labor Party, David Bezuidenhout; Rehoboth Free Democratic Party (RFDP), Hans Diergaardt; other parties — United Democratic Party, formed in September 1985 after merger of 2 Capri vi parties, Mishake Muyongo; Federal Party, largely white, English-speaking, liberal; Christian Democratic Action Party, a primarily Ovambo party formed in early 1982 as a result of a split in the DTA, Peter Kalangula

Electric power

228,700 kW capacity (1985); 2.998 billion kWh produced (1985), 217 kWh per capita

400,000 kW capacity (1985); 700 million kWh produced (1985), 631 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

majority from indigenous tribal groups; approximately 10,000 Europeans, 35,000 EuroAfricans, 15,000 Indians

85.6% black, 7.5% white, 6.9% mixed; approximately half the Africans belong to Ovambo tribe

Exports

$95 million (1984); cashews, shrimp, sugar, tea, cotton

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

1 April-31 March Communications

Fishing

13,500 metric tons (1984)

est. catch 341,000 metric tons (1983); processed mostly in South African exclave of Walvis Bay

GNP

$2 billion (1985 est), about $150 per capita; average annual growth rate — 1 % (1971-84 est.)

Government leader

Samora Moi'ses MACHEL, President (since June 1975)

Louis A. PIENAAR, Administrator General (since July 1985)

Highways

26,498 km total; 4,593 km paved; 829 km gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil; 21,076 km unimproved earth

54,500 km; 4,079 km paved, 2,540 gravel, remainder earth roads and tracks

Imports

$539 million (1984); refined petroleum products, machinery, transportation goods, spare parts, consumer goods

Infant mortality rate

109/1,000(1983)

Inland waterways

approx. 3,750 km of navigable routes

Labor force

85% engaged in agriculture Government

about 500,000 (1981); 60% agriculture, 19% industry and commerce, 8% services, 7% government, 6% mining; 1517% unemployment

Land boundaries

4,627 km Water

3,798 km Water

Language

Portuguese (official); many indigenous dialects

Afrikaans principal language of about 60% of white population, German of 33%, and English of 7% (all official); several indigenous languages

Legal system

based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law

based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law

Life expectancy

men 44, women 47

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

6 nm (fishing 12 nm)

Literacy

14%

100% whites, 16% nonwhites

Major industries

food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos, cement products); tobacco

(nearly all for export) meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products, copper, lead, zinc, diamond, and uranium mining

Major trade partners

exports — US, Western Europe; imports — Western and Eastern Europe

Member of

AfDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

FAO, ILO, UNESCO, WFTU, WHO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1985, $240 million; 38% of central government budget Swakopmund South Atlantic Ocean \ |(Mtm«n>hoop liUntufm K.ratburo Land 824,296 km2; twice the size of California; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1984, $128.3; 8% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 3,084,000; 1,823,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, about 256,000; about 153,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

43 meticais= US$1 (January 1985)

2.3 SA rands=US$l (January 1986)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 June

Nationality

noun — Mozambican(s); adjective— Mozambican

noun — Namibian(s); adjective— Namibian

Natural resources

coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, heavy minerals, bauxite, possibly petroleum Mozambique (continued) Namibia (South-West Africa)

diamonds, copper, uranium, lead, tin, zinc, salt, vanadium

Official name

People's Republic of Mozambique

Namibia

Organized labor

6 trade unions, whose membership is almost exclusively white and mulatto Government

Other political or pressure groups

SouthWest African People's Organization (SWAPO), led by Sam Nujoma, maintains a foreign-based guerrilla movement; is predominantly Ovambo but has some influence among other tribes; is the only Namibian group recognized by the UN General Assembly and the Organization of African Unity

Pipelines

crude oil, 306 km (not operating); refined products, 280 km

Political subdivisions

10 provinces subdivided into 112 districts; administrators are appointed by central government

10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open to white settlement with administrative subdivisions similar to a province of South Africa

Population

14,022,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.8%

1,142,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.1%

Ports

3 major (Maputo, Beira, Nacala), 2 significant minor

2 major (Walvis Bay and Lderitz)

Railroads

3,436 km total; 3,288 km 1.067meter gauge; 148 km 0.750-meter narrow gauge

2,340 km 1.067-meter gauge, single track

Religion

60% indigenous beliefs, 30% Christian, 10% Muslim

whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either Christian or indigenous beliefs

Suffrage

universal adult

universal white adult suffrage at territorial level; lower level elections open to blacks

Telecommunications

fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and radio relay; 57,400 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 3 FM stations; 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

good urban, fair rural services; radio relay connects major towns, wires extend to other population centers; 57,400 telephones (6.0 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 13 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa; however, a SouthrWest African Territory Force was established 1 August 1980 (includes an air element)

Type

people's republic

former German colony of SouthWest Africa mandated to South Africa by League of Nations in 1920; UN formally ended South Africa's mandate on 27 October 1966, but South Africa has retained administrative control Capital. Windhoek

Voting strength

(1978 election) Namibian National Assembly— DTA, 22 seats; SWANP, 8 seats; SWANU, 8 seats; SWAPO-D, 8 seats; CP, 8 seats; RFDP, 8 seats; Assembly appointed in June 1985