1981 Edition

Area

17,364 km2; most of area suitable for crops or pastureland

448,070 km2; 7% arable, 2% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 36% other

Coastline

3,218 km

Land boundaries

435 km

2,196 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Ethnic divisions

96% African, 3% European, 1% mulatto

homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority; est. 12% foreign born or first generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks)

Labor force

120,000; about 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture; 55,000-60,000 wage earners, many only intermittently, with 31% agriculture, 11% government, 11% manufacturing, 12% mining and forestry, 35% other (1968 est); 18,114 employed in South African mines (1978)

4.2 million; 5.8% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 24.9% mining and manufacturing; 6.8% construction; 13.8% commerce; 6.9% communications; 34.5% services including government; 6.4% banking and business services; 1.9% unemployed (average 1980)

Language

English and siSwati are official languages; government business conducted in English

Swedish, small Lappand Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages

Literacy

about 25%

99%

Nationality

noun — Swazi(s); adjective — Swazi

noun — Swede(s); adjective — Swedish

Organized labor

about 15% of wage earners are unionized

80% of labor force

Population

589,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.8%

8,331,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.1%

Religion

43% animist, 57% Christian

93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other

Branches

constitution was repealed and Parliament dissolved by King in April 1973; new bicameral Parliament formally opened in January 1979; 80-member electoral college chose 40 members of lower house and 10 members of upper house; additional 10 members for each house chosen SWEDEN SWAZILAND (Continued) by King; executive authority vested in King whose assent is required before parliamentary acts become law; King's authority exercised through Prime Minister and Cabinet who must be members of Parliament; judiciary is part of Ministry of Justice but otherwise independent of executive and legislative branches; cases from subordinate courts can be appealed to the High Court and the Court of Appeal

legislative authority rests with unicameral parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in Cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts

Capital

Mbabane (administrative)

Stockholm

Communists

no Communist party

17,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 327,079 votes cast for the three largest Communist parties in 1979 elections; an additional 17,274 votes cast for Maoist KPML-R

Elections

every three years (next in September 1982) Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (conservative), Ulf Adelsohn; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; People's Party (Liberal), Ola Ullsten; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Left Party-Communist, Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party, Roland Pettersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel Voting strength (1979 election): 43.2% Social Democratic, 20.3% Moderate Coalition, 18.1% Center, 10.6% Liberal, 5.6% Communist, 2.1% other

Government leaders

Head of State, King SOBHUZA II; Prime Minister Prince Mabandla (Fred E.) DLAMINI

Chief of State, King CARL XVI Gustaf; Head of Government, Prime Minister Thorbjorn FALLDIN

Legal system

based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

civil law system influenced by customary law; a new constitution was adopted in 1975 replacing the Acts of 1809, 1866, and 1949; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Member of

AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDE, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

National holiday

Independence Day, 6 September

no national holiday; King's birthday, 30 April, celebrated as such by Swedish embassies

Official name

Kingdom of Swaziland

Kingdom of Sweden

Political subdivisions

4 administrative districts

24 counties, 278 municipalities (townships) SWEDEN (Continued)

Suffrage

universal for adults

universal, but not compulsory, over age 18; after three years of legal residence immigrants may vote in county and municipal, but not in national elections

Type

monarchy, under King Sobhuza II; independent member of Commonwealth since September 1968

constitutional monarchy

Agriculture

main crops — maize, cotton, rice, sugar, and citrus fruits

animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops — grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% selfsufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets; food shortages — oils and fats, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,820 calories per day per capita (1978)

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-79), $165.0 million; US (FY7080), $42.4 million

donor: economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $3.8 billion (1970-79)

Budget

1980/81— revenue $190.0 million, current expenditure $97.1 million, development expenditure $78.2 million

(1980/81) revenues $36.8 billion, expenditures $49.5 billion, deficit $12.7 billion

Crude steel

4.2 million metric tons produced (1980), 505 kg per capita

Electric power

75,000 kW capacity (1980); 142 million kWh produced (1980), 251 kWh per capita

32,000,000 kW capacity (1980); 93.6 billion kWh produced (1980), 11,250 kWh per capita

Exports

$226.7 million (f.o.b., 1979); sugar, asbestos, wood and forest products, citrus, meat products, cotton, iron ore

$27,538 million (f.o.b., 1979); machinery, motor vehicles, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March

1 July-30 June

Fishing

catch 230,300 metric tons (1980), exports $65 million, imports $213 million

GDP

approximately $364.4 million (1980), about $700 per capita; annual real growth 3.4% (1973-78)

$121.5 billion, $14,627 per capita (1980); 52.2% private consumption, 20.3% investment, 29.5% government consumption; —1.2% inventory change; —0.7% net exports of goods and services; 1980 growth rate 1.4% in constant prices

Imports

$294.8 million (f.o.b., 1979); motor vehicles, petroleum products, foodstuffs, and clothing

$28,579 million (c.i.f., 1979); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live animals

Major industries

iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Major industry

mining

Major trade partners

South Africa, UK, US

(1979) 50% EC, 31% other developed, 6% Communist, 13% LDCs

Monetary conversion rate

1 Lilangeni=US$1.20 (1979)

4.2296 kronor=US$l (1980)

Shortages

coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt

Airfields

28 total, 26 usable; 1 with runways 1,2202,439 m

254 total, 249 usable; 133 with permanentsurface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 87 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

4 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in

57 major transports, including 2 leased in and 2 leased out

Highways

2,853 km total; 510 km paved, 1,230 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, and 1,113 km improved earth

classified network, 97,400 km, of which 51,899 km paved; 20,659 km gravel; 24,842 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways

2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1982, $4.1 billion; about 8% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 125,000; 73,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 2,034,000; 1,806,000 fit for military service; 62,000 reach military age (19) annually

Ports

17 major, and 30 minor

Railroads

292 km 1.067-meter gauge, single track

12,518 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)— 11,179 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 6,959 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gauge; 117 km rail ferry service; privately owned railways — 511 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 332 km electrified; 371 km 0.891-meter gauge electrified

Telecommunications

system consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines and low capacity radio-relay links; 10,700 telephones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES

excellent domestic and international facilities; 6.4 million telephones (77.2 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 330 FM, and 700 TV stations; 9 submarine coaxial cables, 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, another planned DEFENSE FORCES