2017 Edition

Background

The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.

Area

13,812 sq km 13,452 sq km 360 sq km

land

13,452 sq km

total

13,812 sq km

water

360 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Connecticut

Climate

Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland

Coastline

293.5 km

Elevation

1,086 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point

Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

mean elevation

1,086 m

Environment - current issues

pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution none of the selected agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

42 30 N, 19 18 E

Geography - note

strategic location along the Adriatic coast

Irrigated land

24 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

680 km Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km

border countries (5)

Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km

total

680 km

Land use

38.2% arable land 12.9%; permanent crops 1.2%; permanent pasture 24.1% 40.4% 21.4% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

38.2%

forest

40.4%

other

21.4% (2011 est.)

Location

Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

12 nm defined by treaty

continental shelf

defined by treaty

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources

bauxite, hydroelectricity

Population - distribution

highest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area

Terrain

highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus

Age structure

15.1% (male 47,937/female 49,102) 9.58% (male 27,510/female 34,053) 46.59% (male 161,842/female 137,549) 13.58% (male 43,561/female 43,686) 15.14% (male 39,164/female 58,146) (2017 est.)

0-14 years

15.1% (male 47,937/female 49,102)

15-24 years

9.58% (male 27,510/female 34,053)

25-54 years

46.59% (male 161,842/female 137,549)

55-64 years

13.58% (male 43,561/female 43,686)

65 years and over

15.14% (male 39,164/female 58,146) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

10 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1% (2013)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

23.3% (2013)

Death rate

9.7 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios

47.8 27.3 20.5 4.9 (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

20.5

potential support ratio

4.9 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

47.8

youth dependency ratio

27.3

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 99.2% of population total: 99.7% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0.8% of population total: 0.3% of population (2015 est.)

rural

0.8% of population

total

0.3% of population (2015 est.)

urban

0% of population

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%, Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Romani 1%, Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011 est.)

Health expenditures

6.4% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2016 est.)

Hospital bed density

4 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Languages

Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 98.7% 99.5% 98% (2015 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

98% (2015 est.)

male

99.5%

total population

98.7%

Major infectious diseases

intermediate bacterial diarrhea Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2016)

degree of risk

intermediate

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne disease

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2016)

Major urban areas - population

PODGORICA (capital) 165,000 (2014)

Maternal mortality rate

7 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

40.7 years 39.9 years 41.8 years (2017 est.)

female

41.8 years (2017 est.)

male

39.9 years

total

40.7 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

26.3 years (2010 est.)

Nationality

Montenegrin(s) Montenegrin

adjective

Montenegrin

noun

Montenegrin(s)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

23.3% (2016)

Physicians density

2.34 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Population

642,550 (July 2017 est.)

Population distribution

highest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area

Population growth rate

-0.28% (2017 est.)

Religions

Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 98% of population rural: 92.2% of population total: 95.9% of population urban: 2% of population rural: 7.8% of population total: 4.1% of population (2015 est.)

rural

7.8% of population

total

4.1% of population (2015 est.)

urban

2% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

15 years 15 years 15 years (2010)

female

15 years (2010)

male

15 years

total

15 years

Sex ratio

1.06 male(s)/female 0.97 male(s)/female 0.83 male(s)/female 1.17 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female 0.66 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

0.97 male(s)/female

15-24 years

0.83 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.17 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.66 male(s)/female

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

37.7% 39.9% 34.5% (2015 est.)

female

34.5% (2015 est.)

male

39.9%

total

37.7%

Urbanization

64.4% of total population (2017) 0.25% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.25% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population

64.4% of total population (2017)

Administrative divisions

23 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak

Capital

Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital" 42 26 N, 19 16 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

42 26 N, 19 16 E

name

Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital"

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no at least one parent must be a citizen of Montenegro no 10 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Montenegro

dual citizenship recognized

no

residency requirement for naturalization

10 years

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007 proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures, require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum; amended 2013, 2014 (2016)

amendments

proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures, require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum; amended 2013, 2014 (2016)

history

several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007

Country name

none Montenegro none Crna Gora People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro the country's name locally as well as in most Western European languages means "black mountain" and refers to the dark coniferous forests on Mount Lovcen and the surrounding area

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

Montenegro

etymology

the country's name locally as well as in most Western European languages means "black mountain" and refers to the dark coniferous forests on Mount Lovcen and the surrounding area

former

People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

local long form

none

local short form

Crna Gora

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Margaret UYEHARA (since 19 February 2015) Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro use embassy street address [382] (0) 20 410 500 [382] (0) 20 241 358

chief of mission

Ambassador Margaret UYEHARA (since 19 February 2015)

embassy

Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro

FAX

[382] (0) 20 241 358

mailing address

use embassy street address

telephone

[382] (0) 20 410 500

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Nebojsa KALUDEROVIC (since 18 January 2017) 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009 [1] (202) 234-6108 [1] (202) 234-6109 New York

chancery

1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Nebojsa KALUDEROVIC (since 18 January 2017)

consulate(s) general

New York

FAX

[1] (202) 234-6109

telephone

[1] (202) 234-6108

Executive branch

President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008) Prime Minister Dusko MARKOVIC (since 28 November 2016); note - Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC resigned 26 October 2016 Ministers act as cabinet president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%

cabinet

Ministers act as cabinet

chief of state

President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)

election results

Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%

elections/appointments

president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly

head of government

Prime Minister Dusko MARKOVIC (since 28 November 2016); note - Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC resigned 26 October 2016

Flag description

a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is a symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries when Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges) Supreme Court president proposed by general session of the Supreme Court and elected by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body consisting of judges, lawyers designated by the Assembly, and the minister of judicial affairs; Supreme Court president elected for a single renewable, 5-year term; other judges elected by the Judicial Council for life; Constitutional Court judges - 2 proposed by the president of Montenegro and 5 by the Assembly, and elected by the Assembly; court president elected from among the court members; court president elected for 3 years, other judges 9 years Administrative Courts; Appellate Court; Commercial Courts; High Courts; basic courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court president proposed by general session of the Supreme Court and elected by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body consisting of judges, lawyers designated by the Assembly, and the minister of judicial affairs; Supreme Court president elected for a single renewable, 5-year term; other judges elected by the Judicial Council for life; Constitutional Court judges - 2 proposed by the president of Montenegro and 5 by the Assembly, and elected by the Assembly; court president elected from among the court members; court president elected for 3 years, other judges 9 years

subordinate courts

Administrative Courts; Appellate Court; Commercial Courts; High Courts; basic courts

Legal system

civil law

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) last held on 16 October 2016 (next to be held by October 2020) percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 41.4%, DF 20.3%, Key Coalition, 11.1%, DCG 10.0%, SDP 5.2%, SD 3.3%, BS, 3.2%, Albanians Decisively 1.3%, HGI .5%, other 3.7%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 36, DF 18, Key Coalition 9, DCG 8, SDP 4, SD 2, BS 2, Albanians Decisively 1, HGI 1

description

unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party/coalition - DPS 41.4%, DF 20.3%, Key Coalition, 11.1%, DCG 10.0%, SDP 5.2%, SD 3.3%, BS, 3.2%, Albanians Decisively 1.3%, HGI .5%, other 3.7%; seats by party/coalition - DPS 36, DF 18, Key Coalition 9, DCG 8, SDP 4, SD 2, BS 2, Albanians Decisively 1, HGI 1

elections

last held on 16 October 2016 (next to be held by October 2020)

National anthem

"Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May) Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song

lyrics/music

Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC

name

"Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May)

note

adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song

National holiday

National Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against fascist occupiers and sided with the partisan communist movement)

National symbol(s)

double-headed eagle; national colors: red, gold

double-headed eagle; national colors

red, gold

Political parties and leaders

Albanians Decisively [Genci NIMANBEGU] (coalition includes FORCA, AA, DUA) Albanian Alternative or AA [Nik DJELOSAJ] Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC] Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC] Democratic Alliance or DEMOS [Miodrag LEKIC] Democratic Front or DF [collective leadership] (coalition includes NOVA, PZP, DNP, RP) Democratic Montenegro or DCG [Aleksa BECIC] Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC] Democratic People's Party or DNP [Milan KNEZEVIC] Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA] Key Coalition [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes DEMOS, SNP, URA] Liberal Party or LP [Andrija POPOVIC] Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC] New Democratic Power or FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC] Social Democrats or SD [Ivan BRAJOVIC] Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC] United Reform Action or URA [Dritan ABAZOVIC] Workers' Party or RP [Janko VUCINIC]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep

Budget

$1.535 billion $1.848 billion (2016 est.)

expenditures

$1.848 billion (2016 est.)

revenues

$1.535 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9.22% (31 December 2014 est.) 9.36% (31 December 2013 est.)

Current account balance

$-791 million (2016 est.) $-536 million (2015 est.)

Debt - external

$1.576 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

26.2 (2013 est.) 24.3 (2010)

Economy - overview

Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. As of 2015, around 90% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism, which accounts for roughly 20% of Montenegro’s GDP, brings in three times as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. In addition to tourism, energy and agriculture are considered two distinct pillars of the economy. Only 20% of Montenegro’s hydropower potential is utilized. Montenegro plans to become a net energy exporter, and the construction of an underwater cable to Italy, which will be completed by 2018, will help meet its goal. Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EU in 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Russia, Italy, Cyprus, Denmark, Hungary and Serbia. Net foreign direct investment in 2016 reached $755 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe. Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system. Construction will cost around $1.1 billion. Cheaper borrowing costs have stimulated Montenegro’s growing debt, which currently sits at 65.9% of GDP. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. In May 2013, the Montenegrin Government raised the higher level VAT rate to 19%.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.9214 (2016 est.) 0.885 (2015 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.)

Exports

$370.2 million (2014 est.) $489.2 million (2012 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

81.8% 21.2% 19.5% -0.1% 42.1% -64.5% (2013 est.)

exports of goods and services

42.1%

government consumption

21.2%

household consumption

81.8%

imports of goods and services

-64.5% (2013 est.)

investment in fixed capital

19.5%

investment in inventories

-0.1%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

8.3% 21.2% 70.5% (2013 est.)

agriculture

8.3%

industry

21.2%

services

70.5% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$16,600 (2016 est.) $16,300 (2015 est.) $15,700 (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

GDP - real growth rate

2.5% (2016 est.) 3.4% (2015 est.) 1.8% (2014 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.175 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$10.37 billion (2016 est.) $9.992 billion (2015 est.) $9.559 billion (2014 est.) data are in 2016 dollars

note

data are in 2016 dollars

Gross national saving

6.1% of GDP (2016 est.) 6.7% of GDP (2015 est.) 5% of GDP (2014 est.)

Imports

$1.982 billion (2014 est.) $2.4 billion (2012 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

4.5% (2013 est.)

Industries

steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

-0.3% (2016 est.) 1.2% (2015 est.)

Labor force

263,200 (2014 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

5.3% 17.9% 76.8% (2014 est.)

agriculture

5.3%

industry

17.9%

services

76.8% (2014 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $3.827 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Population below poverty line

8.6% (2013 est.)

Public debt

71.3% of GDP (2016 est.) 69.3% of GDP (2015 est.) data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

note

data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$599.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of broad money

$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$133 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$483 million (31 December 2014 est.) $446.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$2.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $2.682 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$749 million (31 December 2011 est.) $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

17.1% (2016 est.) 17.6% (2015 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

18 million Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2017 es)

Electricity - consumption

2.834 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - exports

517 million kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

24.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

75.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

Electricity - imports

1.04 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

887,000 kW (2015 est.)

Electricity - production

2.897 billion kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity access

100% (2016)

electrification - total population

100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

6,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

257.1 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

6,244 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Broadcast media

state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 local public TV stations and over 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 50 private radio stations (2017)

Internet country code

.me

Internet users

450,442 69.9% (July 2016 est.)

percent of population

69.9% (July 2016 est.)

total

450,442

Telephone system

modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2015)

domestic

GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing

general assessment

modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites

international

country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

148,015 23 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

23 (July 2016 est.)

total subscriptions

148,015

Telephones - mobile cellular

1,040,747 161 (July 2016 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

161 (July 2016 est.)

total

1,040,747

Airports

5 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2017)

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

2,438 to 3,047 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

1

total

5

under 914 m

1 (2017)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

4O (2016)

Heliports

1 (2012)

Merchant marine

cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)

by type

cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1

registered in other countries

4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)

total

2

National air transport system

526,980 0 mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

0 mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

526,980

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

6

number of registered air carriers

1

Ports and terminals

Bar

major seaport(s)

Bar

Railways

250 km 250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2014)

standard gauge

250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2014)

total

250 km

Roadways

7,762 km 7,141 km 621 km (2010)

paved

7,141 km

total

7,762 km

unpaved

621 km (2010)

Military branches

Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: Army of Montenegro (includes Ground Troops (Kopnena Vojska), Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2016)

Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro

Army of Montenegro (includes Ground Troops (Kopnena Vojska), Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2016)

Military expenditures

1.61% of GDP (2016) 1.38% of GDP (2015) 1.47% of GDP (2014) 1.45% of GDP (2013) 1.66% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)

Disputes - international

none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

3,237 (2016)

stateless persons

3,237 (2016)