2014 Edition

Background

The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.

Area

13,812 sq km 13,452 sq km 360 sq km

total

13,812 sq km

water

360 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Connecticut

Climate

Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland

Coastline

293.5 km

Elevation extremes

Adriatic Sea 0 m Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

highest point

Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

lowest point

Adriatic Sea 0 m

Environment - current issues

pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution none of the selected agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

42 30 N, 19 18 E

Geography - note

strategic location along the Adriatic coast

Irrigated land

24.12 sq km (2010)

Land boundaries

625 km Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Kosovo 79 km, Serbia 124 km

border countries

Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Kosovo 79 km, Serbia 124 km

total

625 km

Land use

12.45% 1.16% 86.39% (2011)

arable land

12.45%

other

86.39% (2011)

permanent crops

1.16%

Location

Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

12 nm defined by treaty

continental shelf

defined by treaty

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources

bauxite, hydroelectricity

Terrain

highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus

Age structure

15.2% (male 48,231/female 50,659) 10.8% (male 33,085/female 37,029) 47.1% (male 164,644/female 141,380) 12.9% (male 41,765/female 42,075) 13.8% (male 36,081/female 55,087) (2014 est.)

0-14 years

15.2% (male 48,231/female 50,659)

15-24 years

10.8% (male 33,085/female 37,029)

25-54 years

47.1% (male 164,644/female 141,380)

55-64 years

12.9% (male 41,765/female 42,075)

65 years and over

13.8% (male 36,081/female 55,087) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

10.59 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

8,520 10 % (2005 est.)

percentage

10 % (2005 est.)

total number

8,520

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.2% (2006)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

39.4% (2005/06)

Death rate

9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios

46.8 % 27.1 % 19.7 % 5.1 (2014 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

19.7 %

potential support ratio

5.1 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio

46.8 %

youth dependency ratio

27.1 %

Drinking water source

urban: 99.6% of population rural: 95.3% of population total: 98% of population urban: 0.4% of population rural: 4.7% of population total: 2% of population (2012 est.)

rural

4.7% of population

total

2% of population (2012 est.)

urban

0.4% of population

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%, Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Roma 1%, Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011 est.)

Health expenditures

9.3% of GDP (2011)

Hospital bed density

4 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Languages

Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 98.5% 99.4% 97.6% (2011 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

97.6% (2011 est.)

male

99.4%

total population

98.5%

Major infectious diseases

intermediate bacterial diarrhea Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2013)

degree of risk

intermediate

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne disease

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2013)

Major urban areas - population

PODGORICA (capital) 156,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

39.2 years 38.2 years 40.5 years (2014 est.)

female

40.5 years (2014 est.)

male

38.2 years

total

39.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

26.3 (2010 est.)

Nationality

Montenegrin(s) Montenegrin

adjective

Montenegrin

noun

Montenegrin(s)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.5% (2008)

Physicians density

2.03 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

650,036 (July 2014 est.)

Population growth rate

-0.49% (2014 est.)

Religions

Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 91.9% of population rural: 86.8% of population total: 90% of population urban: 8.1% of population rural: 13.2% of population total: 10% of population (2012 est.)

rural

13.2% of population

total

10% of population (2012 est.)

urban

8.1% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

15 years 15 years 16 years (2010)

female

16 years (2010)

male

15 years

total

15 years

Sex ratio

1.07 male(s)/female 0.95 male(s)/female 0.89 male(s)/female 1.17 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female 0.66 male(s)/female 0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

0-14 years

0.95 male(s)/female

15-24 years

0.89 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.17 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.66 male(s)/female

at birth

1.07 male(s)/female

total population

0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

41.1% 42.3% 39.7% (2012)

female

39.7% (2012)

total

41.1%

Urbanization

63.3% of total population (2011) 0.38% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

0.38% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

63.3% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

23 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak

Capital

Podgorica; note - the Old Royal Capital is Cetinje mentioned in the constitution 42 26 N, 19 16 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

42 26 N, 19 16 E

name

Podgorica; note - the Old Royal Capital is Cetinje mentioned in the constitution

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007; note - in early 2013, Montenegro's parliamentary constitutional committee began debate on proposed amendments (2013)

Country name

none Montenegro none Crna Gora People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

conventional long form

none

conventional short form

Montenegro

former

People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

local long form

none

local short form

Crna Gora

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Sue K. BROWN (since 27 April 2011) Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro use embassy street address [382] (0) 20 410 500 [382] (0) 20 241 358

chief of mission

Ambassador Sue K. BROWN (since 27 April 2011)

embassy

Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro

FAX

[382] (0) 20 241 358

mailing address

use embassy street address

telephone

[382] (0) 20 410 500

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010) 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009 [1] (202) 234-6108 [1] (202) 234-6109 New York

chancery

1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010)

consulate(s) general

New York

FAX

[1] (202) 234-6109

telephone

[1] (202) 234-6108

Executive branch

President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008) Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012) Ministers act as cabinet president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly Filip VUJANOVIC re-elected president; Filip VUJANOVIC 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC 48.8%%

cabinet

Ministers act as cabinet

chief of state

President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008)

election results

Filip VUJANOVIC re-elected president; Filip VUJANOVIC 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC 48.8%%

elections

president elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly

head of government

Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012)

Flag description

a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries that Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy

Government type

republic

Independence

3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICC jurisdiction

International organization participation

CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president and 6 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 6 judges) president of Supreme Court proposed jointly by the president of Montenegro, the speaker of the Assembly, and the prime minister; other judges elected by the Judicial Council; court president term is 5 years; term of other judges is 9 years; Constitutional Court judges proposed by the president of Montenegro and elected by the Assembly; court president elected among its members; term of judges is 9 years; court president term is 3 years Administrative Court; Court of Appeal; regional and first instance courts

highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president and 6 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 6 judges)

judge selection and term of office

president of Supreme Court proposed jointly by the president of Montenegro, the speaker of the Assembly, and the prime minister; other judges elected by the Judicial Council; court president term is 5 years; term of other judges is 9 years; Constitutional Court judges proposed by the president of Montenegro and elected by the Assembly; court president elected among its members; term of judges is 9 years; court president term is 3 years

subordinate courts

Administrative Court; Court of Appeal; regional and first instance courts

Legal system

civil law

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote to serve four-year terms) last held on 14 October 2012 (next to be held by 2016) percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for European Montenegro 45.6%, Democratic Front 22.8%, SNP 11.1%, Positive Montenegro 8.2%, Bosniak Party, 4.2%, other (including Albanian and Croatian minority parties) 8.1%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 7, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3

election results

percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for European Montenegro 45.6%, Democratic Front 22.8%, SNP 11.1%, Positive Montenegro 8.2%, Bosniak Party, 4.2%, other (including Albanian and Croatian minority parties) 8.1%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 7, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3

elections

last held on 14 October 2012 (next to be held by 2016)

National anthem

"Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May) Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC adopted 2004; the anthem's music is based on a Montenegrin folk song

lyrics/music

Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC

name

"Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May)

National holiday

National Day, 13 July (1878)

National symbol(s)

double-headed eagle

Political parties and leaders

Albanian Coalition (includes Democratic League in Montenegro or DSCG [Mehmed BARDHI], Democratic Party [Fatmir DJEKA], and Albanian Alternative or AA [Djerdj DAMAJ]) Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC] Coalition for European Montenegro (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Andrija POPOCVIC], and the Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]) Coalition FORCA for Unity (includes FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] and Civic Initiative [Vaselj Sinistaj]) Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC] Democratic Center or DC [Goran BATRICEVIC] Democratic Front (bloc) [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC] and Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC], a splinter faction of the Socialist People's Party or SNP) Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet ZENKA] Just Montenegro [Rade BOJOVIC] Positive Montenegro [Darko PAJOVIC] Serbian National Alliance (bloc)(includes Party of Serb Radicals or SSR, Democratic Serb Party or DSS [Ranko KADIC], and the Serbian National Council) Serbian Unity (bloc) (includes Serbian People's Party or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], the Serb List or SL, the Serbian Homeland Party, the Serbian Radical Party, and the Democratic Centre of Boka or DCB [Dejan COROVIC]) Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdan MILIC] Together (bloc) (includes Pensioners' Party [Vojo VULETIC], Disabled and Social Justice, and the Yugoslav Communist Party of Montenegro or JKPCG)

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep

Budget

$1.68 billion $1.58 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$1.58 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$1.68 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9.69% (31 December 2011 est.) 9.53% (31 December 2010 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.938 billion (2012 est.) -$1.927 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$1.7 billion (2012 est.) $1.2 billion (2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

24.3 (2010) 30 (2003)

Economy - overview

Montenegro's economy is slowly transitioning to a market system, but the state sector remains large and additional institutional changes are needed. The economy relies heavily on foreign tourism and the export of refined metals. Unprofitable state-owned enterprises, especially the Podgorica Aluminum Kombine, the country’s largest exporter, weigh heavily on public finances. During the MILOSEVIC era, Montenegro severed its economy from Serbia, maintained its own central bank, adopted the Deutsche Mark, then shifted to the euro - rather than the Yugoslav dinar - as official currency, collected customs tariffs, and managed its own budget. The 2006 dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro led to separate memberships in several international financial institutions, such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF. Montenegro became the 156th member of World Trade Organization in December 2011. The European Council (EC) granted candidate country status to Montenegro at the December 2010 session. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. Unemployment and disparities in regional development, especially in the north, remain key political and economic problems. The global financial crisis had a significant negative impact on the economy, due to a credit crunch, a decline in the real estate sector, and a fall in aluminum exports. The Government of Montenegro increased value added tax (VAT) from 17% in 2012 to 19% in 2013 and raised income tax rates from 9% to 15% for those earning over €480 a month. In 2013, the government also retrenched by freezing pensions and limiting salary increases for public enterprises and members of the parliament.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports

$489.2 million (2012 est.) $640 million (2011 est.)

Exports - partners

Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

84.4% 22.1% 18.4% 1.1% 40.2% -66.2% (2011 est.)

exports of goods and services

40.2%

government consumption

22.1%

household consumption

84.4%

imports of goods and services

-66.2%

investment in fixed capital

18.4%

investment in inventories

1.1%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

0.8% 11.3% 87.9% (2011)

agriculture

0.8%

industry

11.3%

services

87.9% (2011)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$11,900 (2013 est.) $11,800 (2012 est.) $11,900 (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

1.5% (2013 est.) -0.5% (2012 est.) 3.2% (2011 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$4.518 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$7.429 billion (2013 est.) $7.318 billion (2012 est.) $7.358 billion (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

Imports

$2.4 billion (2012 est.) $2.5 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - partners

Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)

Industries

steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4% (2012) 3% (2011)

Labor force

251,300 (2011 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

6.3% 20.9% 72.8% (2011 est.)

agriculture

6.3%

industry

20.9%

services

72.8% (2011 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$3.827 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $3.322 billion (31 December 2011) $3.604 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

6.6% (2010 est.)

Public debt

52.1% of GDP (2012 est.) 45% of GDP (2011 est.) data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$400 million (31 December 2011)

Stock of broad money

$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$3.29 billion (31 December 2009) $3.771 billion (31 December 2008)

Stock of narrow money

$749 million (31 December 2011 est.) $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

37.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

19.1% (2012 est.) 11.5% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

2.166 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)

Electricity - consumption

3.279 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

730 million kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

24.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

75.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

732 million kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

868,000 kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

3.945 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

4,446 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

369 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

3,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)

Internet country code

.me

Internet hosts

10,088 (2012)

Internet users

280,000 (2009)

Telephone system

modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2011)

domestic

GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing

general assessment

modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites

international

country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

163,000 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

1.126 million (2012)

Airports

5 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

1

2,438 to 3,047 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

1

total

5

under 914 m

1 (2013)

Heliports

1 (2012)

Merchant marine

cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)

registered in other countries

4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)

total

2

Ports and terminals

Bar

major seaport(s)

Bar

Railways

250 km 250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2010)

total

250 km

Roadways

7,763 km 5,365 km 2,398 km (2010)

total

7,763 km

unpaved

2,398 km (2010)

Manpower fit for military service

149,159 131,823 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

131,823 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

149,159

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

3,120 3,677 (2010 est.)

female

3,677 (2010 est.)

male

3,120

Military branches

Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: Army of Montenegro (includes Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2011)

Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro

Army of Montenegro (includes Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2011)

Military expenditures

1.87% of GDP (2012) 1.95% of GDP (2011) 1.87% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)

Disputes - international

none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

6,967 (Kosovo) (2013) 3,383 (2012)

refugees (country of origin)

6,967 (Kosovo) (2013)

stateless persons

3,383 (2012)