1988 Edition

Labor force

primarily agricultural; over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor

Literacy

about 80%; 100% claimed in

Administrative divisions

1 commune composed of 4 communal sectors

18 provinces and 3 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar, Darhan, and Erdenet)

Branches

legislative branch is composed of the Prince and National Council of 18 members; executive consists of the Prince as Chief of State, the Minister of State as Head of Government (senior French civil servant appointed by Prince), and the Council of Government as Cabinet; judicial authority is delegated by the Prince to the Supreme Tribunal

executive — Council of Ministers; legislative — unicameral People's Great Hural; judicial — court system; Supreme Court elected by People's Great Hural

Capital

Monaco

Ulaanbaatar

Communists

estimated MPRP membership, 88,150 (1986)

Elections

National Council every five years; national election held January 1983; municipal election held February 1983 Political parties and leaders: National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)

legislative election theoretically held every four years; last election held June 1986 Political party and leader: Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Jambyn Batmonh, General Secretary (since August 1984)

Government leader

Prince RAINIER III, Chief of State (since November 1949)

Government leaders

Jambyn BATMONH, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural (since December 1984); Dumaagiyn SODNOM, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (since December 1984)

Legal system

based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

IAEA, ICAO, IHO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, UN (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

CEMA, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

National holiday

19 November

People's Revolution Day, 11 July

Official name

Principality of Monaco

Mongolian People's Republic

Suffrage

universal adult

universal at age 18 and over

Type

constitutional monarchy

Communist state

Voting strength

National Council — UND 18 seats

Agriculture

livestock raising predominates; wheat, oats, barley

Aid

heavily dependent on USSR

Airfields

32 total; 17 with runways 2,500 m or longer

Branches

Mongolian People's Army, Air Force

Civil air

22 major transport aircraft

Electric power

8,000 kW standby capacity (1986); power supplied by France

607,000 kW capacity; 2,800 million kWh produced, 1,410 kWh per capita (1986)

Exports

livestock, animal products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals

Fiscal year

calendar year Commun ications

Freight carried

rail — 10.7 million metric tons, 3,609 million metric tons/km; highway— 32.4 million metric tons, 1,837 million metric tons/km; waterway — 0.03 million metric tons, 4.2 million metric tons/km (1984)

GDP

$1.67 billion, $880 per capita (1985 est); average annual real growth, 3.6% (1976-85 est.)

GNP

55% tourism; 25-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino

Highways

47,600 km total; 900 km hard surface; 46,700 km other surfaces (1984)

Imports

machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials, sugar, tea, chemicals

Inland waterways

397 km of principal routes (1984)

Major industries

chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glass making, printing

processing of animal products; building materials; mining

Major trade partners

nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR); total turnover about $1.0 billion

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, 405 million tugriks, 12% of total budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 467,000; 305,000 fit for military service; 23,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

3.36 tugriks=US$l (February 1984)

Natural resources

coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold

Railroads

1,748 km (1984); all 1.524meter broad gauge

Telecommunications

13 AM and 1 FM stations; 1 main TV center and 18 provincial relay stations plus relay of Soviet TV; 60,000 TV sets; 180,000 receiver sets; at least 1 satellite ground station Defense Forces

Trade

full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with