1987 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1987 (Internet Archive)
Geography
Labor force
primarily agricultural; over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor
Literacy
about 80%; 100% claimed in
Government
Administrative divisions
18 provinces and 3 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar, Darhan, and Erdenet)
Branches
executive—Council of Ministers; legislative—unicameral People’s Great Hural; judicial—court system; Supreme Court elected by People’s Great Hural
Capital
Ulaanbaatar
Communists
estimated MPRP membership, 88,150 (1986)
Elections
legislative election theoretically held every four years; last election held June 1986 Political party and leader: Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Jambyn Batmonh, General Secretary (since August 1984)
Government leaders
Jambyn BATMONH, Chairman of the Presidium of the People’s Great Hural (since December 1984); Dumaagiyn SODNOM, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (since December 1984)
Legal system
blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
CEMA, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
National holiday
People’s Revolution Day, 11 July
Official name
Mongolian People’s Republic
Suffrage
universal at age 18 and over
Type
Communist state
Economy
Agriculture
livestock raising predominates; wheat, oats, barley
Aid
heavily dependent on USSR
Electric power
607,000 kW capacity; 2,800 million kWh produced, 1,410 kWh per capita (1986)
Exports
livestock, animal products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
$1.67 billion, $880 per capita (1985 est.); average annual real growth, 3.6% (1976-85 est.)
Imports
machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials, sugar, tea, chemicals
Major industries
processing of animal products; building materials; mining
Major trade partners
nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR); total turnover about $1.0 billion
Monetary conversion rate
3.36 tugriks=US$1 (February 1984)
Natural resources
coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Communications
Airfields
32 total; 17 with runways 2,500 m or longer
Civil air
22 major transport aircraft
Freight carried
rail—10.7 million metric tons, 3,609 million metric tons/km; highway—32.4 million metric tons, 1,837 million metric tons/km; waterway—0.03 million metric tons, 4.2 million metric tons/km (1984)
Highways
47,600 km total; 900 km hard surface; 46,700 km other surfaces (1984)
Inland waterways
397 km of principal routes (1984)
Railroads
1,748 km (1984); all 1.524meter broad gauge
Telecommunications
13 AM and 1 FM stations; 1 main TV center and 18 provincial relay stations plus relay of Soviet TV; 60,000 TV sets; 180,000 receiver sets; at least 1 satellite ground station
Military and Security
Branches
Mongolian People’s Army, Air Force
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, 405 million tugriks, 12% of total budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 467,000; 305,000 fit for military service; 23,000 reach military age (18) annually