1992 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1992 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline
4.1 km
Comparative area
about three times the size of the Mall in Washington, DC
Disputes
none
Environment
almost entirely urban
Land area
1.9 km2
Land boundaries
4.4 km; France 4.4 km
Land use
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%
Natural resources
none
Note
second-smallest independent state in world (after Vatican City)
Terrain
hilly, rugged, rocky
Territorial sea
12 nm
Total area
1.9 km2
People and Society
Birth rate
7 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Ethnic divisions
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Infant mortality rate
8 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Labor force
NA
Languages
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Life expectancy at birth
72 years male, 80 years female (1992)
Literacy
NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Nationality
noun - Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective - Monacan or Monegasque
Net migration rate
9 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Organized labor
4,000 members in 35 unions
Population
29,965 (July 1992), growth rate 0.9% (1992)
Religions
Roman Catholic 95%
Total fertility rate
1.1 children born/woman (1992)
Government
Administrative divisions
4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Capital
Monaco
Chief of State
Prince RAINIER III (since November 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958)
Constitution
17 December 1962
Diplomatic representation
Monaco maintains honorary consulates general in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco, and honorary consulates in Dallas, Honolulu, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington US: no mission in Monaco, but the US Consul General in Marseille, France, is accredited to Monaco; Consul General R. Susan WOOD; Consulate General at 12 Boulevard Paul Peytral, 13286 Marseille Cedex (mailing address APO AE 09777); telephone [33] (91) 549-200
Executive branch
prince, minister of state, Council of Government (cabinet)
Flag
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
Head of Government
Minister of State Jean AUSSEIL (since 16 September 1985)
Independence
1419, rule by the House of Grimaldi
Judicial branch
Supreme Tribunal (Tribunal Supreme)
Legal system
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
National Council (Conseil National)
Long-form name
Principality of Monaco
Member of
ACCT, CSCE, IAEA, ICAO, IMF (observer), IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
National Council
last held on 24 January 1988 (next to be held 24 January 1993); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (18 total) UND 18
National holiday
National Day, 19 November
Political parties and leaders
National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)
Suffrage
universal adult at age 25
Type
constitutional monarchy
Economy
Agriculture
NA
Budget
revenues $424 million; expenditures $376 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)
Currency
French franc (plural - francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Economic aid
NA
Electricity
10,000 kW standby capacity (1991); power supplied by France Indus
Exchange rates
French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.3801 (January 1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987)
Exports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
External debt
$NA
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
exchange rate conversion - $475 million, per capita $16,000; real growth rate NA% (1991 est.)
Imports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
Industrial production
growth rate NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
NA%
Overview
Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. About 50% of Monaco's annual revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living standards are high, that is, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan suburbs.
Unemployment rate
full employment (1989)
Communications
Airports
1 usable airfield with permanent-surface runways
Civil air
no major transport aircraft
Highways
none; city streets
Merchant marine
1 petroleum tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,268 GRT/4,959 DWT
Ports
Monaco
Railroads
1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge
Telecommunications
served by cable into the French communications system; automatic telephone system; 38,200 telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV; no communication satellite earth stations
Military and Security
Note
defense is the responsibility of France