1991 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1991 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline
4.1 km
Comparative area
about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Environment
almost entirely urban
Land boundary
4.4 km with France
Land use
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%
Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Natural resources
none
Note
second-smallest independent state in world (after Vatican City)
Terrain
hilly, rugged, rocky
Total area
1.9 km2; land area: 1.9 km2
People and Society
Birth rate
7 births/1,000 population (1991)
Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
Ethnic divisions
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Infant mortality rate
8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
Labor force
NA
Language
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Life expectancy at birth
72 years male, 80 years female (1991)
Literacy
NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Nationality
noun--Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective--Monacan or Monegasque
Net migration rate
9 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Organized labor
4,000 members in 35 unions
Population
29,712 (July 1991), growth rate 0.9% (1991)
Religion
Roman Catholic 95%
Total fertility rate
1.1 children born/woman (1991)
Government
Administrative divisions
4 quarters (quartiers, singular--quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Capital
Monaco
Constitution
17 December 1962
Diplomatic representation
Monaco maintains honorary consulates general in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco, and honorary consulates in Dallas, Honolulu, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington; US--no mission in Monaco, but the US Consul General in Marseille, France, is accredited to Monaco; Consul General R. Susan WOOD; Consulate General at 12 Boulevard Paul Peytral, 13286 Marseille Cedex (mailing address APO NY 09777); telephone [33] (91) 549-200
Elections
National Council--last held on 24 January 1988 (next to be held 24 January 1993); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(18 total) UND 18
Executive branch
prince, minister of state, Council of Government (cabinet)
Flag
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
Independence
1419, rule by the House of Grimaldi
Judicial branch
Supreme Tribunal (Tribunal Supreme)
Leaders
Chief of State--Prince RAINIER III (since November 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958); Head of Government Minister of State Jean AUSSEIL (since 10 September 1985)
Legal system
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch
National Council (Conseil National)
Long-form name
Principality of Monaco
Member of
ACCT, CSCE, ICAO, IMF (observer), IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
National holiday
National Day, 19 November
Political parties and leaders
National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)
Suffrage
universal adult at age 25
Type
constitutional monarchy
Economy
Agriculture
NA
Budget
revenues $386 million; expenditures $426, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.)
Currency
French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Economic aid
NA
Electricity
10,000 kW standby capacity (1988); power supplied by France
Exchange rates
French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)
Exports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
External debt
$NA
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
$324 million, per capita $11,000; real growth rate NA% (1990 est.)
Imports
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France
Industrial production
growth rate NA%
Industries
tourism, pharmaceuticals, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing, finance
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
NA%
Overview
Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. About 50% of Monaco's annual revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living standards are high, that is, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan suburbs.
Unemployment rate
full employment (1989)
Communications
Airports
1 usable airfield with permanent-surface runways
Civil air
no major transport aircraft
Highways
none; city streets
Merchant marine
1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,268 GRT/4,959 DWT
Ports
Monaco
Railroads
1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge
Telecommunications
served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system; 38,200 telephones; stations--3 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV; no communication satellite stations
Military and Security
Note
defense is the responsibility of France _%_