1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, sorghum, oilseed, pulses, and vegetables; an illegal producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade

Aid

economic commitments, US, including Ex-Im (FY70-84), $2.9 billion; (ODA and OOF) Western (non-US) countries (1970-83), $3.7 billion; Communist countries (1970-84), $97 million; military commitments, US (FY70-84), $7.8 million

Airfields

1,928 total, 1,741 usable; 182 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 28 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 276 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

1 usable airfield with permanentsurface runways

Area

1000km Tijuana Land 1,972,547 km2; three times the size of Texas; 40% pasture; 22% forest; 12% crop; 26% other, including waste, urban areas and public lands

Branches

dominant executive, bicameral legislature (National Congress — Senate, Federal Chamber of Deputies), Supreme Court

Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps

legislative branch is composed of the Prince and National Council of 18 members; executive consists of the Prince as Chief of State, the Minister of State as Head of Government (senior French civil servant appointed by Prince), and the Council of Government as Cabinet; judicial authority is delegated by the Prince to the Supreme Tribunal

Budget

(at controlled rate of exchange) 1984 public sector, budgeted revenues, $54.5 billion; budgeted expenditures, $63.7 billion

Capital

Mexico

Monaco Mongolia

Civil air

174 major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

Coastline

9,330 km People

4.1 km People

Crude steel

10 million metric tons capacity (1984); 7.5 million metric tons produced (1984)

Elections

next presidential election to be held in 1988 Political parties and leaders: (recognized parties) Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Adolfo Lugo Verduzco; National Action Party (PAN), Pablo Emilio Madero; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (PSUM), Pablo Gomez Alvarez; Mexican Democratic Party (PDM), Ignacio Gonzalez Gollaz; Socialist Workers Party (PST), Pedro Etiene; Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT), Ricardo Pascoe Pierce; Mexican Workers Party (PMT), Heberto Castillo Martinez; Authentic Party of the Revolution (PARM), Carlos Enrique Cantu Rosas

National Council every five years; national election held January 1983; municipal election held February 1983 Political parties and leaders: National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)

Electric power

21,492,000 kW capacity (1985); 83.7 billion kWh produced (1985), 1, 051 kWh per capita

8,000 kW standby capacity (1985); power supplied by France

Ethnic divisions

60% mestizo (IndianSpanish), 30% Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1% other

47% French, 16% Monegasque, 16% Italian, 21% other

90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other

Exports

$23.727 billion (f.o.b., 1984); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cattle and meat, fresh fruit, tomatoes, machinery and equipment

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 1,200,000 metric tons (1984); exports valued at $481 million, imports at $21.9 million (1982)

GDP

$176.0 billion (1984), $2,200 per capita; 60% private consumption, 10% private investment, 10% public consumption, 7% public investment (1983); net foreign balance 14%; real growth rate 1984, 3.7%

GNP

55% tourism; 25-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino

Government leader

Miguel DE LA MADRID Hurtado, President (since December 1982)

Prince RAINIER III, Chief of State (since November 1949)

Highways

210,000 km total; 65,000 km paved, 30,000 km semipaved or cobblestone, 60,000 km rural roads (improved earth) or roads under construction, 55,000 km unimproved earth roads

none; city streets

Imports

$11. 870 billion (f.o.b., 1984); machinery, equipment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods

Infant mortality rate

55.9/1,000(1980)

Inland waterways

2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals

Labor force

24,000,000(1985); 31.4% services; 26% agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing; 13.9% commerce; 12.8% manufacturing; 9.5% construction; 4.8% transportation; 1.3% mining and quarrying; 0.3% electricity; 10% unemployed, 40% underemployed

primarily agricultural; over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor Government

Land boundaries

4,220 km Water

3.7 km Water

8,000 km People

Language

Spanish

French (official), English, Italian, Monegarque

Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese

Legal system

mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution established in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

65.4

63

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

12 nm

Literacy

88.1%

99% Government

about 80%

Major industries

processing of food, beverages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment Mexico (continued) Monaco

chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glass making, printing

Major trade partners

exports — 53% US, 10% EC, 6% Japan (1984); imports— 60% US, 16% EC, 5% Japan

Member of

FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, LAIA, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

IAEA, ICAO, IHO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, UN (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO Economy

Military budget

for year ending 31 December 1985, $1.16 billion (proj.); expenditures, including support of parastatals, 3.4% of central government budget Mediterranean Sea Land 1.9 km2; about one-tenth the size of Washington, D. C.

Military manpower

males 15-49, 19,372,000; 15,361,000 fit for military service; 905,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

dual exchange rates — controlled rate 364 pesos=US$l; "free" rate 454=US$1 (both rates as of 1 January 1986, set daily by the Mexican Government

8.40 French francs=US$l (4 January 1984) Communications

National holiday

Independence Day, 16 September

19 November

Nationality

noun — Mexican(s); adjective — Mexican

noun — Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective — Monacan or Monegasque

noun — Mongolian(s); adjective— Mongolian

Natural resources

petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber

Official name

United Mexican States

Principality of Monaco

Mongolian People's Republic

Organized labor

35% of total labor force Government

Other political or pressure groups

Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO), National Peasant Confederation (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC)

Pipelines

crude oil, 5,134 km; refined products, 6,875 km; natural gas, 9,490 km

Political subdivisions

31 states and the Federal District

1 commune composed of 4 communal sectors

Population

81,709,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.5%

28,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 1.0%

1,942,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.6%

Ports

1 1 major, 20 minor

1 minor

Railroads

20,680 km total; 19,950 km 1.435meter standard gauge; 730 km 0.914-meter narrow gauge

1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge

Religion

97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant

95% Roman Catholicism

predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime

Suffrage

universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced

universal adult

Telecommunications

highly developed telecom system with extensive radio-relay links; connection into Central American microwave net; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground antennas; 6.41 million telephones (8.9 per 100 pop!.); 650 AM, 120 TV, and about 180 low-power TV relay stations; 120 domestic satellite terminals Defense Forces

served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system with about 34,600 telephones (123.6 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 4 FM, 4 TV stations Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of France Sec regional map VIM Land 1,564,619 km2; more than twice the size of Texas; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert waste, varying in usefulness; 10% forest; less than 1 % arable

Trade

full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EC market system through customs union with France

Type

federal republic operating in fact under a centralized government

constitutional monarchy

Communist state

Voting strength

(1985 congressional election) 66% PRI, 15% PAN, 3% PSUM, 3% PDM, 2% PST, 2% PPS, 2% PARM, 2% PMT, 1% PRT, 4% other parties or annulled

(1978) National CouncilUNO 18 seats