1985 Edition

Agriculture

sugar crop is a major economic asset; over 90% of cultivated land area is planted in sugar; most food imported

main crops — corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, sorghum, oilseed, pulses, and vegetables

Aid

economic commitments, including ExIm (FY70-83), US authorizations $2.8 billion; (1970-82) Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF, $3.5 billion; Communist countries (1970-83), $47 million; military commitments, US (FY70-83), $7.6 million

Airfields

32 total, 32 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,4403,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

5 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659 m

1,961 total, 1,771 usable; 179 with permanent-surface runways; 3,with runways over 3,659 m, 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 266 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, paramilitary National Guard

executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 19-member Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (Legislative Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected under "best loser" system

paramilitary Special Mobile Force, Police Riot Units, and Police Force

dominant executive, bicameral legislature (National Congress — Senate, Federal Chamber of Deputies), Supreme Court

Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps

legislative branch is composed of the Prince and National Council of 18 members; executive consists of the Prince as Chief of State, the Minister of State as Head of Government (senior French civil servant appointed by Prince), and the Council of Government as Cabinet; judicial authority is delegated by the Prince to the Supreme Tribunal

Budget

central government — (1983/84 prov.) revenues, $245 million; current expenditures, $276 million

1983 public sector, budgeted revenues, $52.8 billion; budgeted expenditures, $51.9 billion

Capital

Port Louis

Mexico (also known as Mexico City)

Monaco

Civil air

5 major transport aircraft

1 major transport aircraft

174 major transport aircraft Mexico (continued) Monaco

CNP

55% tourism; 25-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino

Coastline

177 km People

9,330 km People

4. 1 km People

Communists

may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Communist organizations; Mauritius Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist Party, Mauritius People's Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League, Mauritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association, Mauritius/ USSR Friendship Society

Crude steel

10 million metric tons capacity (1982); 6.895 million metric tons produced (1983)

Elections

legislative August 1983 Political parties and leaders: the government is currently controlled by a coalition composed of the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM), A. Jugnauth, and the Mauritian Social Democratic Party (PMSD), G. Duval; the Mauritian Labor Party (MLP) faction, led by party head S. Boolell, voted to leave the coalition in February 1984; the main opposition parties are the Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM), P. Berenger, and the Rodrigues People's Organization (OPR)

next presidential election to be held in 1988 Political parties and leaders: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Adolfo Lugo Verduzco; National Action Party (PAN), Pablo Emilio Madero; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (PSUM), Pablo Gomez Alvarez; Mexican Democratic Party (PDM), Ignacio Gonzalez Gollaz; Socialist Workers Party (PST), Rafael Aguilar Talamantes; Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT), Jose Manuel Aguilar Mora; Mexican Workers Party (PMT), Heberto Castillo Martinez

National Council every five years; national election held January 1983; municipal election held February 1983 Political parties and leaders: National and Democratic Union (UND), Democratic Union Movement (MUD), Monaco Action, Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)

Electric power

212,000 kW capacity (1984); 464 million kWh produced (1984), 455 kWh per capita

18,650,000 kW capacity (1984); 67.8billionkWhproduced(1984), 873 kWh per capita

8,000 kW (standby) capacity (1983); power supplied by France (1984)

Ethnic divisions

68% Indo-Mauritian, 27% Creole, 3% Sino-Mauritian, 2% Franco-Mauritian

60% mestizo (Indian-Spanish), 30% Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1% other

58% French, 19% Monegasque, 17% Italian, 6% unspecified

Exports

$362.3 million (merchandise, f.o.b., 1983/84 prov.); sugar (59%), textiles; tourism earned an additional $44 million

$21.399 billion (f.o.b., 1983); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cattle and meat, fresh fruit, tomatoes, machinery and equipment

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 1,100,045 metric tons (1983); exports valued at $481 million, imports at $21. 9 million (1982)

GDP

$1.1 billion (1983/84 prov.), $1,053 per capita; real growth rate, 1.2% (1983/84 prov.)

$121.2 billion (1983), $1,601 per capita; 66% private consumption, 9% private investment, 8% public consumption, 7% public investment (1983); net foreign balance 4%; real growth rate 1983, -5.3%

Government leader

Aneerood JUGNAUTH, Prime Minister (since June 1982)

Miguel DE LA MADRID Hurtado, President (since December 1982)

Prince RAINIER III, Chief of State (since November 1949)

Highways

1,984 km total; 1,152 km paved, 832 km earth

210,000 km total; 65,000 km paved, 30,000 km semipaved or cobblestone, 60,000 km rural roads (improved earth) or roads under construction, 55,000 km unimproved earth roads

Imports

$383.3 million (f.o.b., 1983/84); food, petroleum products, consumer goods

$7.72 billion (f.o.b., 1983); machinery, equipment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods

Inland waterways

800 km

2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals

Labor force

335,000; 29% agriculture and fishing, 28% government services, 23% industry and commerce, 20% other; 14% are unemployed

21,500,000(1982); 31.4% services; 26% agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing; 13.9% commerce; 12.8% manufacturing; 9.5% construction; 4.8% transportation; 1.3% mining and quarrying; 0.3% electricity; 10% unemployed, 40% underemployed

Land boundaries

4,220 km Water

3.7 km Water

Language

Creole, French, English, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori

Spanish

French (official), English, Italian, Monegarque

Legal system

based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitution adopted 6 March

mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution established in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

12 nm

Literacy

61%

74%

99% Government

Major industries

mainly food manufacturing (largely sugar milling); textiles and wearing apparel; chemical and chemical products; and metal products, transport equipment, and nonelectrical machinery

processing of food, beverages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment

chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glass making, printing

Major trade partners

all EC countries and US have preferential treatment, UK buys almost all of Mauritius 's sugar export at subsidized prices; small amount of sugar exported to Canada, US, and Italy; nonoil imports from UK and EC primarily, also from South Africa, Australia, US, and Japan; some minor trade with China

exports— 58% US, 19% EC, 7% Japan (1983); imports— 60% US, 19% EC, 4% Japan

Member of

AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, OGAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, LAIA, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line), OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

IAEA, ICAO, IHO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, UN (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $39.4 million; 17% of central government budget 15 km Land 1,865 km2; smaller than Rhode Island (excluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, intensely cultivated; 39% forest, wood, mountain, rivers, and natural resources; 5% lakes; 3% built on; 2% roads and tracks; 1% waste Water

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $4.5 million 800km Tijuana Land 1,972,547 km2; three times the size of Texas; 40% pasture; 22% forest; 12% crop; 26% other, including waste, urban areas and public lands

for year ending 31 December 1985, $1.09 billion (proj.); expenditures, including support of parastatals, 1.4% of central government budget 750km Mediterranean Sea See regional mtp V Land 1.9km2; about one-tenth the size of Washington, D.C.

Military manpower

males 15-49, 361,000; 175,000 fit for military service; conscription law not implemented

males 15-49, 270,000; 141,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 18,887,000; 14,976,000 fit for military service; 882,000 reach military age ( 1 8) annually

Monetary conversion rate

15.120 Mauritian rupees=US$l (31 October 1984)

dual exchange rates — controlled rate 193 pesos=US$l; "free" rate 209=US$1 (both rates as of 1 January 1985, rates depreciating by 17 centavos as of 1 January 1985)

National holiday

Independence Day, 12 March

Independence Day, 16 September

19 November

Nationality

noun — Mauritian(s); adjective— Mauritian

noun — Mexican(s); adjective — Mexican

noun — Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective — Monacan or Monegasque

Official name

Mauritius

United Mexican States

Principality of Monaco

Organized labor

about 35% of labor force, forming over 270 unions Government

20% of total labor force Government

Other political or pressure groups

various labor unions

Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO), National Peasant Confederation (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC)

Pipelines

crude oil, 5,134 km; refined products, 6,875 km; natural gas, 9,490 km

Political subdivisions

5 organized municipalities and various island dependencies

31 states and the Federal District

1 commune composed of 4 communal sectors

Population

1,011,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9%

79,662,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.5%

28,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.2%

Ports

2 major (Nouadhibou and Nouakchott), 2 minor

1 major (Port Louis)

1 1 major, 20 minor

Railroads

20,680 km total; 19,950 km 1.435meter standard gauge; 730 km 0.914-meter narrow gauge

Religion

51% Hindu, 30% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic with a few Anglicans), 17% Muslim

97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant

95% Roman Catholicism

Shortage

land

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced

universal adult

Supply

primarily dependent on France; has also received material from Algeria, Morocco, UK, Spain, and Romania

Telecommunications

poor system of cable and open-wire lines, minor radio-relay links, and radio communications stations; 5,200 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM or TV stations; satellite ground station under construction Defense Forces

small system with good service; new microwave link to Reunion; HF radio links to several countries; 2 AM, no FM, 4 TV stations; 37,800 telephones (4.0 per 100 popl.); 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

highly developed telecom system with extensive radio-relay links; connection into Central American microwave net; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground antennas; 5.41 million telephones (7.6 per 100 popl.); 630 AM, 1 10 FM, 120 TV stations; and about 180 low-power relay stations; 200 domestic satellite terminals Defense Forces

Type

independent state, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State

federal republic operating in fact under a centralized government

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

MSM, 30 of 70 seats in the Assembly; MMM, 21; MLP, 11; PMSD, 4; OPR, 2; and independents, 2 Mauritius (continued) Mexico

(1982 presidential election) 74% PRI, 15% PAN, 4% PSUM, 7% other opposition and annulled

(1978) National Council UND 18 seats