1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
1,204,350 km2; only about a fourth of area arable, forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert
Land boundaries
7,459 km
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent
Labor force
2.8 million
Language
French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread
Literacy
under 5%
Nationality
noun—Malian(s); adjective—Malian
Organized labor
National Union of Malian Workers (UNTM) is umbrella organization over 13 national unions
Population
7,015,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.7%
Religion
90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian
Government
Branches
executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11 army officers; under MCNL functional Cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary
Capital
Bamako
Communists
a few Communists and some sympathizers
Elections
constitutional elections took place June 1979
Government leaders
Brig. Gen, Moussa TRAORE, President of MCNL, Chief of State, and head of government
Legal system
based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1974, came into full effect in 1979; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
AFDB, APC, CEAO, EGA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO
National holiday
Independence Day, 22 September
Official name
Republic of Mali
Political subdivisions
7 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government
Suffrage
universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM), is the sole political party under civilian leadership
Type
republic; military regime in power since November 1968; fulfilled its plans in June 1979 for a phased return to civilian rule
Economy
Agriculture
main crops—millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops—peanuts, cotton, and livestock
Budget
(1980) revenues $181.4 million, current expenditures $187.5 million
Electric power
50,000 kW capacity (1980); 115 million kWh produced (1980), 17 kWh per capita
Exports
$175.4 million (f.o.b, 1980); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, and skins
Fiscal year
calendar year
Fishing
catch 95,000 tons (1960)
GDP
$1.15 billion (1980), $163 per capita; annual real growth rate 5.7% (1980)
Imports
$300.9 million (f.o.b., 1980); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar
Major industries
small local consumer goods and processing
Major trade partners
mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with USSR, China
Monetary conversion rate
422.6 Mali francs=US$1 (1980)
Communications
Airfields
44 total, 39 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
3 major transport aircraft
Highways
approximately 15,700 km total; 1,670 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways
1,815 km navigable
Railroads
642 km meter gauge (1.00 m)
Telecommunications
domestic system poor and provides only minimal service; radio-relay, wire, and radiocommunications stations in use; expansion of radio relay in progress; 8,000 telephones; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 2 antennas for Atlantic and Indian Ocean INTELSAT satellites
Military and Security
Military manpower
males 15-49, 1,521,000; 767,000 fit for military service; no conscription