1983 Edition

Agriculture

cash crops — tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, tung, maize; subsistence crops — corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice; self-sufficient in food production

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (197081), $875 million; US authorized (FY70-82), $37 millon

Airfields

51 total, 47 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

118,484 km2; 34% of land area arable (of which 86% is cultivated); nearly 25% forest; 6% meadow and pasture; 38% other

Branches

strong presidential system with Cabinet appointed by President; unicameral National Assembly of 87 elected and up to 15 nominated members; High Court with Chief Justice and at least two justices

Army, Army Air Wing, Army Naval Detachment

Budget

1982 revenues $218.6 million, expenditures $306.8 million

Capital

Lilongwe

Civil air

4 major transport aircraft Malaysia

Coastline

2,068 km Peninsular Malaysia, 2,607 km East Malaysia People

Communists

no Communist party

Elections

President Banda designated President for Life in 1971; parliamentary elections last held June 1983, next scheduled for 1988 Political parties and leaders: Malawi Congress Party (MCP), post of secretary general unfilled since death of Dick Matenje in May

Electric power

140,000 kW capacity (1983); 450 million kWh produced (1983), 70kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Asian, European

50% Malay, 36% Chinese, 10% Indian, 4% other

Exports

$243.6 millon (f.o.b, 1982); tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, corn

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

GDP

$1.34 billion (1982), $213 per capita; real growth rate 3.0% (1982)

Government leader

Dr. Hastings Kamuzu BANDA, President

Highways

10,775 km total; 1,940 km paved; 381 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 8,569 km improved earth k

Imports

$226.3 billon (f.o.b., 1982); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, building and construction materials, fuel, fertilizer

Inland waterways

Lake Malawi, 1,290 km and Shire River, 144 km, 3 lake ports

Labor force

331 ,536 wage earners employed in Malawi (1978); 48% agriculture, 15% personal services, 11% manufacturing, 10% construction, 10% commerce, 5% miscellaneous services; 6,000 Europeans permanently employed

Land boundaries

2,881 km People

509 km Peninsular Malaysia, 1,786 km East Malaysia Water

Language

English and Chichewa (official); Tombuka is second African language

Legal system

based on English common law and customary law; constitution adapted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm, exclusive economic zone 200 nm)

Literacy

25%

Major industries

agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods

Major trade partners

exports — UK, FRG, US, Netherlands, South Africa, imports — South Africa, UK, Japan, US, FRG

Malaysia

4.95 million (1980)

Member of

AfDB, Commonwealth, EC (associated member), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1983 $22.9 million; about 6.4% of central governement budget Land

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,451,000; about 735,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

1.28 Malawi kwacha=US$l (31 October 1983)

National holiday

Republic Day, 6 July

Nationality

noun — Malawian(s); adjective — Malawian

noun — Malaysian(s); adjective — Malaysian

NOTE

established on 16 September 1963, Malaysia consists of Peninsular Malaysia, which includes 1 1 states of the former Federation of Malaya, plus East Malaysia, which includes the two former colonies of North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak Land

Official name

Republic of Malawi

Organized labor

small minority of wage earners are unionized Government

Peninsular Malaysia

131,313 km2; 54% other; 26% forest reserve; 20% cultivated

12,606, 000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.0%

Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists, Indians predominantly Hindu

Malay (official); English, Chinese dialects, Tamil

75%

4.1 million; 46.2% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 31.9% trade, transport, and services; 10.9% manufacturing and construction, (1980)

Political subdivisions

3 administrative regions and 24 districts

Population

6,829,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.2%

15,330,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.2%

Railroads

754 km 1.067-meter gauge

Religion

55% Protestant, 20% Roman Catholic, 20% Muslim; traditional indigenous beliefs are also practiced by some members of these groups

Sabah

76,146 km2; 34% forest reserve; 13% cultivated; 53% other

1,229,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 4.0%

38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other

English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese

58%

366,000 (1980); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 13% trade and transportation; 6% manufacturing and construction; 1% other

Sarawak

125,097 km2; 24% forest reserves; 21% cultivated; 55% other

1,495,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.5%

35% tribal religion, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 2% other

English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages

55%

Suffrage

universal adult over age 18

Telecommunications

fair system of openwire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunications stations; 15,130 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 7 AM, 8 FM, and no TV stations; ! Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

Type

one-party state