1986 Edition

Agriculture

mixed farming, dairy products, and wine

Airfields

none

2 lotah 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m

Branches

Police Department Troiivierget Scr rtf ionil mtp V Land 2,586 km2; smaller than Rhode Island; 43.9% arable, 33% forest, 27% meadow and pasture, 15% waste or urban, negligible inland water

parliamentary democracy; seven ministers compose Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature (Chamber of Deputies); the Council of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial power exercised by independent courts; coalition governments are usual

Army

Budget

(1983) revenues, $108 million; expenditures, $86 million

(1984 est.) revenues, $1.18 billion; expenditures, $1.17 billion; surplus, $0.13 million

Capital

Luxembourg

Civil air

no transport aircraft

13 major transport aircraft

Coastline

40 km People

Communists

500 party members (1981)

Crude steel

3.98 million metric tons produced (1984), 10.8 metric tons per capita; 6.4 metric ton capacity (1982)

Elections

every five years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections June 1984 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Party, Jacques Santer, parliamentary president, and Jean Spautz, party president; Socialist Workers Party, Ben Fayot, party president; Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte, party president; Liberal, Colette Flesch; Communist, Dominique I'rbany; Independent Socialists, Jean Gremling, party president; Green Alternative, Jean Huss; Enroles de Force Luxembourg (continued) Macau

Electric power

1,497,000 kW capacity (1985); 956 million kWh produced (1985), 2,605 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Celtic base, with French and German blend; also guest and worker residents from Portugal, Italy, and European countries

98% Chinese, 2% Portuguese

Exports, imports, major trade partners

Luxembourg has a customs union with Belgium under which foreign trade is recorded jointly for the two countries; Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products, principal imports are minerals, metals, foodstuffs, and machinery; most of its foreign trade is with FRG, Belgium, France, and other EC countries (for totals, see Belgium)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$4.2 billion, $1 1.350 per capita (1983); 53.2% private consumption, 22.4% investment, 14.6% government consumption, —0.7% stockbuilding, 10.4% net foreign balance; 1.6% real GDP growth (1983)

Government leaders

JEAN, Grand Duke (since 1964); Jacques SANTER, Prime Minister (since June 1984)

Highways

130.66 km main roads, 192.27 km byroads

5,108 km total; 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth; about 80 km limited access divided highway

Infant mortality rate

12/1,000(1984)

Inland waterways

37 km; Moselle River

Labor force

(1983) 160,800; one-third of labor force is foreign, comprising mostly workers from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG (1981); unemployment 1.5% (1985 average); 45% services, 39% industry and commerce, 15% government, 0.7% agriculture Government

Land boundaries

356 km People

201 m Water

Language

Luxembourgish, German, French; most educated Luxembourgers also speak English

98% Chinese, 2% Portuguese

Legal system

based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 70, women 76.7

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

6 nm (12 nm fishing zone)

Literacy

100%

almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese population Government

Major industries

banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires, and banking,

Member of

Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, EC, EIB, EMS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 96,000; 80,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (19) annually llha de Coloane ginnal map VIII 2 km Zhujiang Kou llha de Taipa Land 15.5 km2; smaller than Washington, D. C.; 90% urban, 10% agricultural

Monetary conversion rate

2.17 Swiss francs=US$l (October 1985) Communications

51.6 Luxembourg francs=US$l (December 1985); under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal in value to the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

National holiday

23 June

Nationality

noun — Luxembourger(s); adjective— Luxembourg

noun — Macanese (sing, and pi.); adjective — Macau

Natural resources

iron ore

Official name

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Macau

Other political or pressure groups

group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation

Pipelines

refined products, 48 km

Political subdivisions

unitary state, but for administrative purposes has 3 districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons

Population

367,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0. 1 %

404,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Port

(river) Mertert

Railroads

18.5 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, electrified; owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

Luxembourg National Railways (CFL) operates 270 km 1 .435-meter standard gauge; 162 km double track; 163 km electrified

Religion

97% Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant and Jewish

mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, of whom about half are Chinese

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age

Telecommunications

automatic telephone system serving about 20,020 telephones (77.0 per 100 popl.); no broadcast facilities Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Switzerland

adequate and efficient system, mainly buried cables; 210,000 telephones (55 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces

Type

constitutional monarchy

Chinese territory under Portuguese administration

Voting strength

(1984) Chamber of Deputies — Christian Social Paarty, 25; Socialist Workers Party, 21; Liberals, 14; Communists, 2; Green Alternative, 2