1985 Edition

Agriculture

mixed farming, dairy products, and wine

Airfields

2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659 m

Area

2,586 km2; smaller than Rhode Island; 43.9% arable, 33% forest, 27% meadow and pasture, 15% waste or urban, negligible inland water

Branches

parliamentary democracy; seven ministers compose Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature (Chamber of Deputies); the Council of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial power exercised by independent courts; coalition governments are usual

Army

Budget

(1983 est.) revenues, $1.34 billion; expenditures, $1.16 billion; deficit, $0.18 million

Capital

Luxembourg

Civil air

13 major transport aircraft

Communists

500 party members (1981)

Crude steel

4.6 million metric tons produced (1980), 14 metric tons per capita; 6.4 metric ton capacity (1981)

Elections

every five years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections June 1984 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Party, Jacques Santer, parliamentary president, and Jean Spautz, party president; Socialist Workers, Robert Krieps, party president; Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte, party president; Liberal, Colette Flesch; Communist, Dominique Urbany; Independent Socialists, Jean Gremling, party president; Enroles de Force

Electric power

1,497,000 kW capacity (1984); 843 million kWh produced (1984), 2,303 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Celtic base, with French and German blend; also guest and worker residents from Portugal, Italy, and European countries

Exports, imports, major trade partners

Luxembourg has a customs union with Belgium under which foreign trade is recorded jointly for the two countries; Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products, principal imports are minerals, metals, foodstuffs, and machinery; most of its foreign trade is with FRG, Belgium, France, and other EC countries (for totals, see Belgium)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$4.7 billion, $13.988 per capita (1983); 60.9% private consumption, 17.1% government consumption, 24.9% investment, 2.0% stockbuilding, 4.9% net foreign balance; -0.5% real GDP growth (1983)

Government leaders

JEAN, Grand Duke (since 1964); Jacques SANTER, Prime Minister (since June 1984)

Highways

5,108 km total; 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth; about 80 km limited access divided highway

Inland waterways

37 km; Moselle River

Labor force

(1981) 161,700; one-third of labor force is foreign, comprising mostly workers from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG (1981); unemployment 1.0% (1981 average); 45% services, 42% industry and commerce, 12% government, 0.5% agriculture Government

Land boundaries

356 km People

Language

Luxembourgish, German, French; most educated Luxembourgers also speak English

Legal system

based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Literacy

100%

Major industries

banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires, and banking,

Member of

Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, EC, EIB, EMS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $40 million; 3.4% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 96,000; 80,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

62.0 Luxembourg f rancs=US$l (December 1984); under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal in value to the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

National holiday

23 June

Nationality

noun — Luxembourger(s); adjective— Luxembourg

Official name

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Other political or pressure groups

group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation

Pipelines

refined products, 48 km

Political subdivisions

unitary state, but for administrative purposes has 3 districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons

Population

367,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.1%

Port

(river) Mertert

Railroads

270 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 160 km double track; 162 km electrified

Religion

97% Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant and Jewish

Suffrage

universal and compulsory over age

Telecommunications

adequate and efficient system, mainly buried cables; 199,000 telephones(54.8 per 100 pop!.); 2 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV stations Defense Forces

Type

constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1984) Chamber of Deputies— Christian Socialist, 25; Socialist Workers, 21; Liberals, 14; Communists, 2; Green Alternative Party, 2