2005 Edition

Administrative divisions

10 counties (apskritys, singular - apskritis); Alytaus, Kauno, Klaipedos, Marijampoles, Panevezio, Siauliu, Taurages, Telsiu, Utenos, Vilniaus

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.1% (male 297,271/female 282,269) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 1,206,731/female 1,264,359) 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 186,979/female 359,008) (2005 est.)

Agriculture - products

grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish

Airports

102 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

total

28 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total

74 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 68 (2004 est.) Military Lithuania

Area

land

NA sq km

total

65,200 sq km

water

NA sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than West Virginia

Background

Independent between the two World Wars, Lithuania was annexed by the USSR in 1940. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. Geography Lithuania

Birth rate

8.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$7.121 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)

revenues

$6.542 billion

Capital

Vilnius

Climate

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Coastline

99 km

Constitution

adopted 25 October 1992

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of Lithuania

conventional short form

Lithuania

former

Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

local long form

Lietuvos Respublika

local short form

Lietuva

Currency (code)

litas (LTL)

Currency code

LTL

Current account balance

$-1.6 billion (2004 est.)

Death rate

10.92 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Debt - external

$10.01 billion (2004 est.)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Stephen D. MULL

embassy

2600 Akmenu 6, Vilnius

FAX

[370] (5) 266 5510

mailing address

American Embassy, Vilnius, PSC 78, Box V, APO AE 09723

telephone

[370] (5) 266 5500

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

chief of mission

Ambassador Vygaudas USACKAS

consulate(s) general

Chicago and New York

FAX

[1] (202) 328-0466

telephone

[1] (202) 234-5860

Disputes - international

in 2003, the Lithuania-Russia land and maritime boundary treaty was ratified and a transit regime established through Lithuania linking Russia and its Kaliningrad coastal exclave, leaving only improvements to the border demarcation in 2005; by 2004, a third of the Belarus-Lithuania boundary had been demarcated; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Lithuania must implement the strict Schengen border rules

Distribution of family income - Gini index

34 (1999)

Economic aid - recipient

$228.5 million (1995)

Economy - overview

Lithuania, the Baltic state that has conducted the most trade with Russia, has slowly rebounded from the 1998 Russian financial crisis. Unemployment dropped from 11% in 2003 to 8% in 2004. Growing domestic consumption and increased investment have furthered recovery. Trade has been increasingly oriented toward the West. Lithuania has gained membership in the World Trade Organization and joined the EU in May 2004. Privatization of the large, state-owned utilities, particularly in the energy sector, is nearing completion. Overall, more than 80% of enterprises have been privatized. Foreign government and business support have helped in the transition from the old command economy to a market economy.

Electricity - consumption

10.17 billion kWh (2002)

Electricity - exports

6.8 billion kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports

300 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - production

17.93 billion kWh (2002)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel

16.5%

hydro

5.7%

nuclear

77.7%

other

0% (2001)

Elevation extremes

highest point

Juozapines/Kalnas 292 m

lowest point

Baltic Sea 0 m

Environment - current issues

contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases

Environment - international agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Ethnic groups

Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other or unspecified 3.6% (2001 census)

Exchange rates

litai per US dollar - 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003), 3.677 (2002), 4 (2001), 4 (2000)

Executive branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the premier

chief of state

President Valdas ADAMKUS (since 12 July 2004)

election results

Valdas ADAMKUS elected president; percent of vote - Valdas ADAMKUS 52.2%, Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE 47.8%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13 June 2004 and 27 June 2004 (next to be held June 2009); premier appointed by the president on the approval of the Parliament

head of government

Premier Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 3 July 2001)

Exports

$8.88 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities

mineral products 23%, textiles and clothing 16%, machinery and equipment 11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood products 5%, foodstuffs 5% (2001)

Exports - partners

Germany 10.2%, Latvia 10.2%, Russia 9.3%, France 6.3%, UK 5.3%, Sweden 5.1%, Estonia 5%, Poland 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%, Denmark 4.8%, US 4.7%, Switzerland 4.6% (2004)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications Lithuania

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red Economy Lithuania

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture

6.1%

industry

33.4%

services

60.5% (2004 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $12,500 (2004 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

6.6% (2004 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$45.23 billion (2004 est.)

Geographic coordinates

56 00 N, 24 00 E

Geography - note

fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits People Lithuania

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Highways

paved

69,202 km (including 417 km of expressways)

total

77,148 km

unpaved

7,946 km (2002)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

less than 200 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

1,300 (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 25.6% (1996)

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005 ======================================================================

Imports

$11.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Imports - commodities

mineral products 21%, machinery and equipment 17%, transport equipment 11%, chemicals 9%, textiles and clothing 9%, metals 5% (2001)

Imports - partners

Russia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%, Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4% (2004)

Independence

11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)

Industrial production growth rate

12% (2004 est.)

Industries

metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber

Infant mortality rate

female

5.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

male

8.25 deaths/1,000 live births

total

6.89 deaths/1,000 live births

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.1% (2004 est.)

International organization participation

ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU (new member), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (member affiliate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Internet country code

.lt

Internet hosts

67,769 (2004)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

32 (2001)

Internet users

695,700 (2003) Transportation Lithuania

Investment (gross fixed)

21.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Irrigated land

90 sq km (1998 est.)

Judicial branch

Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President

Labor force

1.63 million (2004 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (1997 est.)

Land boundaries

border countries

Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km

total

1,273 km

Land use

arable land

45.22%

other

53.87% (2001)

permanent crops

0.91%

Languages

Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)

Legal system

based on civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court

Legislative branch

unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats, 71 members are directly elected by popular vote, 70 are elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - Labor 28.6%, Working for Lithuania (Social Democrats and Social Liberals) 20.7%, Homeland Union (Conservatives) 14.6%, For Order and Justice (Liberal Democrats and Lithuanian People's Union) 11.4%, Liberal and Center Union 9.1%, Union of Farmers and New Democracy 6.6%; seats by faction - Labor 39, Homeland Union 25, Social Democrats 20, Liberal and Center Union 18, Social Liberals 11, Union of Farmers and New Democracy Parties 10, Liberal Democrats 10, Electoral Action 2, independents 6

elections

last held 10 and 24 October 2004 (next to be held October 2008)

Life expectancy at birth

female

79.28 years (2005 est.)

male

68.94 years

total population

73.97 years

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

female

99.6% (2003 est.) Government Lithuania

male

99.7%

total population

99.6%

Location

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia

Manpower available for military service

males age 19-49: 830,368 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 19-49: 590,606 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually

males

29,689 (2005 est.)

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea

12 nm

Median age

female

40.46 years (2005 est.)

male

35.25 years

total

37.83 years

Merchant marine

by type

bulk carrier 8, cargo 24, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 1

foreign-owned

12 (Denmark 12)

registered in other countries

16 (2005)

total

54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 296,856 GRT/317,731 DWT

Military branches

Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, National Defense Volunteer Forces (SKAT)

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$230.8 million (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

1.9% (FY01) Transnational Issues Lithuania

Military service age and obligation

19-45 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers (2004)

National holiday

Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 is the date Lithuania declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 11 March 1990 is the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union

Nationality

adjective

Lithuanian

noun

Lithuanian(s)

Natural gas - consumption

2.76 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports

2.76 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural hazards

NA

Natural resources

peat, arable land

Net migration rate

-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption

72,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports

NA

Oil - imports

NA

Oil - production

4,594 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Pipelines

gas 1,696 km; oil 331 km; refined products 109 km (2004)

Political parties and leaders

Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Viktor USPASKICH, chairman]; Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair Lithuania; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New Democracy and Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; Social Liberals (New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young Lithuania and New Nationalists

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Population

3,596,617 (July 2005 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA

Population growth rate

-0.3% (2005 est.)

Ports and harbors

Klaipeda

Public debt

25.2% of GDP (2004 est.)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 29, FM 142, shortwave 1 (2001)

Radios

1.9 million (1997)

Railways

broad gauge

1,807 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified)

narrow gauge

169 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)

standard gauge

22 km 1.435-m gauge

total

1,998 km

Religions

Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$4.61 billion (2004 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52 male(s)/female

total population

0.89 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Telephone system

domestic

a national, fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system is nearing completion; rural exchanges are being improved and expanded; mobile cellular systems are being installed; access to the Internet is available; still many unsatisfied telephone subscriber applications

general assessment

inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an improved international capability and better residential access

international

country code - 370; landline connections to Latvia and Poland; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite

Telephones - main lines in use

824,200 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular

2,169,900 (2003)

Television broadcast stations

27 note: Lithuania has approximately 27 broadcasting stations, but may have as many as 100 transmitters, including repeater stations (2001)

Televisions

1.7 million (1997)

Terrain

lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Total fertility rate

1.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate

8% (2004 est.)

Waterways

600 km (2004)