1984 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported

livestock, vegetables, corn, wheat, potatoes, grapes

Airfields

116 total, 104 usable; 30 with permanent-surface runways, 6 with runways over 3,659 m, 22 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 40 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Defense Forces

none

Branches

Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahariyya (including Arab Army, Arab Air Force, Arab Air Defense Command, Arab Navy)

unicameral legislature (Diet) with 15 deputies elected to four-year terms, hereditary Prince, independent judiciary

Police Department

Budget

(1983 est.) revenue $14.0 billion; expenditures $13.2 billion, including development expenditure of $8.0 billion

(1980) revenues $124 million, expenditures $124 million

Capital

Vaduz

Civil air

62 major transport aircraft

no transport aircraft

Communists

none

Elections

every four years; last election 1982 Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union (VU), Dr. Otto Hasler; Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), Dr. Peter Marxer; Christian Social Party, Fritz Kaiser; Action Sleeping Beauty (Aktion Dornroschen)

Electric power

3,841,600 kW capacity (1983); 10.095 billion kWh produced (1983), 2,885 kWh per capita

23,000 kW capacity (1983); 150 million kWh produced (1983), 5,770 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

95% Alemannic, 5% Italian and other

Exports

$12.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); petroleum

(1981) $441 million; 40.5% EC; 32.2% EFTA (23.8% Switzerland); 27.3% other

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GDP

roughly $26.5 billion (1983 est), $7,600 per capita

GNP

approximately $16,900 per capita (1980)

Government leaders

FRANZ Josef II, Prince; Hans BRUNHART, Head of Government (Prime Minister)

Highways

19,300 km total; 10,800 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth

130.66 km main roads, 192.27 km byroads

Imports

$9.0 billion (f.o.b., 1983); manufactures, food

Labor force

11,368; 5,078 foreign workers (mostly from Switzerland and Austria); 54.5% industry, trade, and building; 41.6% services; 4.0% agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture Government

Land boundaries

76 km People

Language

German (official), Alemannic dialect

Legal system

principality has its own civil and penal codes; lowest court is county court (Landgericht), presided over by one judge, which decides minor civil cases and summary criminal offenses; criminal court (Kriminalgericht), with a bench of five judges, is for major crimes; another court of mixed jurisdiction is the court of assizes (three judges) for misdemeanors; Superior Court (Obergericht) and Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof ) are courts of appeal for civil and criminal cases (five judges each); an administrative court of appeal from government actions and the State Court determine the constitutionality of laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Literacy

100%

Major industries

petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts

high technology, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products

Major trade partners

imports — Italy, FRG; exports — Italy, FRG, Spain, France, Japan, UK

exports (1979) — $466 million; 42% EC, 32% EFTA (24% Switzerland), 26% other

Member of

AfDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Council of Europe, EFTA, IAEA, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UNICEF, UPU, WIPO; considering UN membership; under several postWorld War I treaties Switzerland handles Liechtenstein's customs and postal, telephone, and telegraph systems and represents the principality abroad on a diplomatic and consular level whenever requested to do so by the Liechtenstein Government Economy Liechtenstein has a prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and some farming; metal industry is by far the most prominent sector; high-frequency installations, boilers for central heating, hardware, small machinery, canned goods, furniture and upholstery, chemical and pharmaceutical goods, vacuum installations, optical and measuring instruments, oil tanks, artificial teeth, ceramics, and textiles are the principal manufactures, intended almost entirely for export; industry accounts for 52% of total employment, service sector 44%, and agriculture and forestry 4%; livestock raising and dairying are the main sources of income in the small farm sector; the sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors, estimated at $10 million annually provides for 10% of state expenditures; companies incorporated in Liechtenstein solely for tax purposes provide a further 30% of the state budget; low business taxes (the maximum tax rate is 20%) and easy incorporation rules have induced between 20,000 and 30,000 holding companies, so-called letter box companies, to establish nominal offices in the principality; economy is tied closely to that.of Switzerland in a customs union; no national accounts data are available

Military manpower

males 15-49, 891,000; 524,000 fit for military service; about 38,000 reach military age ( 17) annually ; conscription now being implemented Land 160km2

Monetary conversion rate

.2961 Libyan pound = US$1 (February 1984)

2.15 Swiss francs=US$l (third quarter 1983) Communications

Nationality

noun — Liechtensteiner(s); adjective — Liechtenstein

Official name

Principality of Liechtenstein

Other political or pressure groups

various Arab nationalist movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Ba'th) party with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely

Pipelines

crude oil 3,893 km; natural gas 938 km; refined products 443 km (includes 217 km liquid petroleum gas)

Political subdivisions

11 communes

Population

27,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.7%

Ports

4 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, Benghazi, Misratah), 2 secondary, 15 minor, and 6 petroleum terminals

Railroads

none

18.5 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, electrified; owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

Religion

82.7% Roman Catholic, 7.1% Protestant, 10.2% other

Suffrage

unversal adult male

Telecommunications

automatic telephone system serving about 20,020 telephones (77.0 per 100 popl.); no broadcast facilities Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of Switzerland

Type

hereditary constitutional monarchy

Voting strength

(1982) VU 53.4% (8 seats), FBP 46.4% (7 seats)