1986 Edition

Agriculture

rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet

main crops — wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 65% of food is imported

corn, beans

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US), ODA and OOF (1970-83), $560 million; US authorizations (including Ex-Im) (FY70-84), $443 million; Communist (1970-84), $73.0 million; military commitments US (FY70-84), $57 million

Airfields

80 total, 75 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

118 total, 107 usable; 37 with permanent-surface runways, 8 with runways over 3,659 m, 24 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 36 with runways 1,2202,439 m Defense Forces

120 total, 104 usable; 62 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 27 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 26 with runways 1,2202,439m

8 total, 7 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Armed Forces of Liberia, Liberia National Coast Guard

officially, paramount political power and authority rests with the General People's Congress, which theoretically functions as a parliament with a cabinet called the General People's Committee

Armed Forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahariya (including Army, Arab Air Force, Air Defense Command, Arab Navy)

Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie

executive, bicameral legislature (Executive Council, 14-member Legislative Council), judicial (Supreme Court)

police

Budget

(FY84-85) revenues, $192 million; current expenditures, $238 million; development and nonbudgetary expenditures, $151 million

(1985 est.) revenues, $10 billion; expenditures, $9.9 billion, including development expenditure of $5.7 billion

(FY84) revenues, $7.55 billion; expenditures, $10.1 billion; deficit, $2.5 billion

revenues, $5.9 million; expenditures, $7.2 million (1981/82)

Capital

Tripoli

Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)

Civil air

2 major transport aircraft

76 major transport aircraft

30 major transport aircraft

Air Turks and Caicos (passenger service) and Turks Air Ltd. (cargo service)

Coastline

1,770 km People

Communist

none known Economy

Elections

representatives to the General People's Congress are drawn from popularly elected municipal committees

last 1984 for 1 1 Legislative Council seats Political parties and leaders: People's Democratic Movement (PMD), Oswald Skippings; Progressive National Party (PNP), Nathaniel Francis

Electric power

374,200 kW capacity (1985); 491 million kWh produced (1985), 219 kWh per capita

4,070,100 kW capacity (1985); 12.478 billion kWh produced (1985), 3,325 kWh per capita

Ethnic division

majority of African descent

Ethnic divisions

97% Berber and Arab with some black stock; some Greeks, Maltese, Jews, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians

Exports

$432 million (f.o.b., 1984); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee,

$10.0 billion (f.o.b., 1985); petroleum

$2.5 million (1982); crawfish, dried and fresh conch, conch shells

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June Communications

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

probably calendar Communications

Fishing

catch 13,553 metric tons (1982)

catch 1,050 metric tons (1983)

GDP

$1.14 billion (1984), $490 per capita; 2% real annual growth rate (1984)

roughly $26 billion (1985 est), $7,180 per capita

$15 million, per capita GDP $2,020 (1980)

Government leader

Nathaniel FRANCIS, Chief Minister (since March 1985); Christopher J. TURNER, Governor (since 1982)

Government leaders

Col. Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (no official title; runs country and is treated as chief of state); Miftah al-Ista 'UMAR, Secretary of the General People's Congress (chief of state in theory but not treated as such)

Highways

10,087 km total; 603 km bituminous treated, 2,848 km all-weather, 4,313 km dry-weather

19,300 km total; 10,800 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth

49,615 km total; 26,915 km bituminous; 16,500 km gravel or crushed stone; 4,000 km improved earth; 2,200 km unimproved earth

121 km, including 24 km tarmac

Imports

$366 million (c.i.f., 1984); machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs

$7.0 billion (f.o.b., 1985); manufactures, food

$20.9 million (1982); foodstuffs, drink, tobacco, clothing

Infant mortality rate

84/1,000(1985)

24.4/1,000 (1981/82)

Inland waterways

no significant waterways

approx. 1,200km

Labor force

1 million, of which about 280,000 are resident foreigners; 31 % industry, 27% services, 24% government, 18% agriculture Government

some subsistence agriculture; majority engaged in fishing and tourist industries

Land boundaries

4,345 km Water

Language

Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities

English (official)

Legal system

based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Law School at University of Libya at BanghazI; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

probably based on English common law

Life expectancy

men 56, women 59

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (except for Gulf of Sidra where sovereignty is claimed and northern limit of jurisdiction fixed at 32°30'N)

3 nm (200 nm fishing zone) People

Literacy

50-60%

about 99%

Major industries

rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds)

petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts

fishing, tourism; formerly produced salt by solar evaporation

Major trade partners

US, FRG, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium

imports — Italy, FRG; exports — Italy, FRG, Spain, France, Japan, UK

US (lobster, conch, tourism) and UK

Member of

AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ITU, Mano River Union, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

AfDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, QIC, OPEC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $2.3 billion; 17% of central government budget Turks and Caicos Islands North Atlantic Ocean Caicos Islands CockburrvJ GRAND TURK* Harbour* (Cockburnflx' Town | J, ""' ri. Turks Islands North Atlantic Ocean Land 430 km2; about two-thirds the size of New York City; more than 30 islands, including 8 inhabited; largest island is Grand Caicos Water

Military manpower

males 15-49, 498,000; 269,000 fit for military service; no conscription JRIPOLI Mediterranean Sea S*t regional mip VII Land 1,759,540 km2; larger than Alaska; 93% desert, waste, or urban; 6% agricultural; 1% forest

males 15-49, 936,000; 551,000 fit for military service; about 39,000 reach military age (17) annually; conscription now being implemented

males 15-49, 12,685,000; 7,507,000 fit for military service; about 533,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

uses the US dollar and the Liberian dollar, which trades officially at par

.2961 Libyan dinar=US$l (February 1984)

551.55 Turkish liras=US$l (October 1985)

uses the US dollar

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 September

Commonwealth Day, 31 May

Nationality

noun — Libyan(s); adjective — Libyan

Natural resources

iron ore, rubber, timber, diamonds, gold

petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

spiny lobster, conch

Official name

Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Turks and Caicos Islands

Organized labor

St. George's Industrial Trade Union (Cockburn Harbor), 250 members Government

Other political or pressure groups

various Arab nationalist movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Ba'th) party with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely

Pipelines

crude oil 3,893 km; natural gas 938 km; refined products 443 km (includes 217 km liquid petroleum gas)

1,288 km crude oil; 2,145 km refined products

Political parties

none Communists.- no organized party, negligible membership

Political subdivisions

46 municipalities closely controlled by central government

3 districts

Population

3,876, 000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.2%

7,436 (1980)

Ports

1 major (Monrovia), 4 minor

4 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, BanghazI, Misratah), 2 secondary, 15 minor, and 6 petroleum terminals

4 major, 8 secondary, 16 minor

4 major (Grand Turk, Salt Cay, Providenciales, Cockburn Harbor)

Railroads

487 km total; 342 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 145 km 1.067-meter narrow gauge; all lines single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government

none

8,193 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 204 km double track; 109 km electrified

none

Religion

97% Sunni Muslim

Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Methodist, Church of God, Seventh-day Adventist

Suffrage

mandatory universal adult

universal adult at age 18

Telecommunications

telephone and telegraph service via radiorelay network; main center is Monrovia; 7,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 4 FM, 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

fair domestic and international systems; trunk radio-relay network; 2.66 million telephones (5.5 per 100 popl.); 16 AM, 27 FM, 252 TV stations; 2 satellite ground station antennas, 1 submarine telephone cable Defense Forces

fair cable and radio services; 1,400 telephones (16.9 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station; 2 submarine cables, 1 satellite ground station Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of the United Kingdom

Type

republic; major overhaul of the constitution and government structure in March 1977 established a system of popular congresses, which theoretically controls the General People's Committee, or cabinet

British dependent territory; constitution introduced in 1976

Voting strength

PDM, 3 seats, PNP, 8 seats