1988 Edition

Administrative divisions

eight governorates under centrally appointed officials

Boundary disputes

separated from Israel by 1949 Armistice Line; West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with status to be determined

none; international boundary and Administrative Boundary with Sudan; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis

Branches

King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by Jordan (continued) Kenya King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives, dissolved by King in February 1976, and reconvened in January 1984, following national elections; Senate last appointed by King in January 1984; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi-judicial functions in desert areas

Budget

revenues, 143,680 million pounds; expenditures, 115,902 million pounds (1983)

Capital

Amman

Climate

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to March)

varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds

Coastline

26 km

536 km

1,143 km

Communists

party actively repressed, membership estimated at less than 500

Comparative area

about the size of Minnesota

slightly smaller than Texas

about four times the size of Washington, D. C.

Environment

lack of natural water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of immense scientific and economic value; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March

Ethnic divisions

21% Kikuyu, 14% Luhya, 13% Luo, 11% Kalenjin, 11% Kamba, 6% Kisii, 6% Meru, 1% Asian, European, and Arab

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

Extended economic zone

200 nm

Fiscal year

31 April1 May

Government leaders

HUSSEIN I, King (since August 1952); Zayd al-RIFA'I, Prime Minister (since April 1985)

Infant mortality rate

59/1,000 (1985)

Labor force

7.4 million; about 1.1 million wage earners; 50% public sector, 18% industry and commerce, 17% agriculture, 13% services

Land boundaries

1,770 km total (before 1967 war)

3,368 km total

Land use

4% arable land; .5% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures; .5% forest and woodland; 94% other; includes .5% irrigated

3% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 7% meadows and pastures; 4% forest and woodland; 85% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

0% arable land; 51% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 3% forest and woodland; 46% other

Language

English and Swahili (official); numerous indigenous languages

Legal system

based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 53, women 58. 1

Literacy

47%

Member of

Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Monetary conversion rate

.70 Jersey pound=.70 pound sterling=US$l (November 1986)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 May

Nationality

noun— Kenyan(s); adjectiveKenyan

Organized labor

about 390,000

Population

22,377,802 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 4.22%

Religion

38% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 26% indigenous beliefs, 6% Muslim

Special notes

none

none

Banaba or Ocean Island is one of three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific (others are Makatea in French Polynesia and Nauru)

Suffrage

universal adult at age 20 Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957

Terrain

mostly high desert plateau in east; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of Jordan River

low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west

mostly low lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs

Territorial sea

3 nm

12 nm

12 nm

Total area

97,740 km2; land area: 97,180 km2

582,650 km2; land area: 569,250 km2

710 km2; land area: 710 km2

Total area

on page 276)

Type

constitutional monarchy

Ethnic divisions

98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian

Micronesian

Infant mortality rate

62/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

580,000 (1983 est); 20% agriculture, 20% manufacturing and mining

7,870 economically active (1985 est.)

Language

Arabic (official); English widely understood among upper and middle classes

English (official), Gilbertese

Life expectancy

61.7

Literacy

about 71%

Nationality

noun — Jordanian(s); adjective—Jordanian

noun — Kiribatian(s); adjective— Kiribati

Organized labor

about 10% of labor force

Kiribati Trades Union Congress — 2,500 members

Population

2,761,695 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 3.65%

66,441 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 1.82%

Religion

95% Sunni Muslim, 5% Christian

48% Roman Catholic, 45% Protestant (Congregational), some SeventhDay Adventist and Baha'i

Administrative divisions

seven provinces plus Nairobi area

20 constituencies

Branches

President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 200 seats, 188 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 1 1 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for system of courts of appeal

unicameral legislature — National Assembly (comprised of 36 elected members and one nominated representative of the Banaban community); nationally elected President

Capital

Nairobi

Tarawa

Communists

may be a few Communists and sympathizers

Elections

Assembly at least every five years; present National Assembly and President elected September 1983 Political party and leader: Kenya African National Union (KANU), Kenya's sole legal political party, Daniel T. arap Moi, President

every four years Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party

Government leader

Daniel T. arap MOI, President (since 1978)

leremia T. TABAI, President (since July 1979)

Legal system

based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment in 1982 made Kenya a de jure oneparty state

Member of

AfDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, UN, UNDP, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP (associate member), GATT (de facto), ICAO, IMF, SPF, WHO

National holiday

Jamhuri Day, 12 December

Official name

Hashemite Kingdom of

Republic of Kenya

Republic of Kiribati

Other political or pressure groups

labor unions

Suffrage

universal over age 21

Type

republic within Commonwealth

republic

Voting strength

KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly

Agriculture

vegetables, fruits, olive oil, wheat; self-sufficient in few foodstuffs

main cash crops — coffee, tea, sisal, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops — corn, wheat, sugarcane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food

coconuts, copra; subsistence crops of roots and tubers, vegetables, melons, bananas; pigs, chickens; domestic fishing

Aid

US, including Ex-Im (1970-84), $1.3 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-84), $938 million; Communist countries (1970-85), $71 million

Western (non-US) commitments ODA and OOF (1970-84), $205 million; Australia (1970-84), $28 million

Budget

total revenues, $1,836 million; current expenditures, $1,267 million; capital expenditures, $675 million (1984)

as percent of GDP— revenues and grants 24%; total expenditures and net lending - 28% (1985/86 est.)

A29.7 million (1986 est.)

Electric power

972,000 kW capacity; 2,840 million kWh produced, 1,030 kWh per capita (1986)

556,000 kW capacity; 1,950 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1986)

2,750 kW capacity; 8 million kWh produced, 125 kWh per capita

Exports

$789 million (f.o.b., 1985); fruits and vegetables, phosphates, fertilizers

$942 million (f.o.b., 1985); reexporting of petroleum products, coffee, tea, sisal, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract

A$4.10 (1986 est.); 54% copra, 18% fish; phosphate, formerly 80% of exports, exhausted in 1981

External debt

$3.7 billion, debt service ratio 36% (1985 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

1 July-30 June

Fishing

catch 24,212 metric tons (1983)

GDP

$4.8 billion (1985), $230 per capita; real growth rate, 4.1% (1985 est.)

A$25.839 million (1985 est.), $410 per capita

GNP

$4.9 billion, $1,900 per capita; 2.0% real growth rate (1984)

Imports

$2,733 million (c.i.f., 1985); crude oil, petroleum, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs

$1,289 million (f.o.b., 1985); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles

A$32.64 million (1986 est.); foodstuffs, fuel, transportation equipment

Industry

formerly phosphate production (supply exhausted by mid1981)

Major industries

phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement production, light manufacturing

small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining, cement, tourism

Major trade partners

EC, Japan, Middle East, US, Rwanda, Uganda

Australia, New Zealand, UK, Japan, US, Papua New Guinea, Fiji

Military transfers

US (FY70-85), $2.2 billion

Monetary conversion rate

.35 Jordanian dinar=US$l (November 1986)

16.15 Kenyan shillings=US$l (October 1986)

$1.50 Australian=US$l (February 1987); Australian dollar is the official currency

Natural resources

phosphates, potash, shale oil

gold, limestone, diotomite, salt barytes, magnesite, feldspar, sapphires, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, land

Airfields

1 total, 1 usable with permanentsurface runways 1,220-2,439 m (St. Peter)

21 total, 19 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1,2202,439 m

225 total, 205 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

21 total; 18 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Jordan Arab Army, Royal Jordanian Air Force, Royal Jordanian Coast Guard

Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, Air Force; paramilitary General Service Unit

Civil air

28 major transport aircraft

10 major transport aircraft

2 Trislanders; no major transport aircraft

Highways

6,332 total; 4,837 paved, 1,495 gravel and crushed stone

64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earth

640 km of motorable roads

Inland waterways

part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya; principal inland port is at Kisumu

small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Line Islands

Military manpower

males 15-49, 639,000; 456,000 fit for military service; 36,000 reach military age (18) annually Victoria 2OOkm Sec regional mip VII , Indian Ocean

males 15-49, 4,554,000; 2,811,000 fit for military service; no conscription Kiribati North Pacific Ocean Banaba r— * TARAWA v., Kiribati (Gilbert Islands) Kiritimati (Christmas) Rawaki (Phoeni* Islands) South Pacific Ocean See region*) mftp X

Note

the war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of the West Bank; as stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed by the President's 1 September 1982 peace initiative, the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the concerned parties; Camp David further specifies that these negotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries; pending the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined

Pipelines

crude oil, 209 km

refined products, 483 km

Ports

Saint Helier, Gorey, St. Aubin

1 major (Al 'Aqabah)

1 major (Mombasa)

main ports are at Banaba and Betio (Tarawa)

Railroads

none

817 km 1.050-meter gauge, single track

2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge

none

Telecommunications

telephones in service, 61,400 (80.9 per 100 popl.); 1 radio station, 1 TV station with 4 channels Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of the United Kingdom

adequate system of radio-relay, cable, and radio; 81,500 telephones (3 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 2 FM, 24 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT station; 1 ARABSAT station; coaxial cable and radio-relay to Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; radio-relay to Lebanon inactive Defense Forces

in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; 231,000 telephones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 11 AM, 4 FM, 4 TV stations; 1 Atlantic and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

1,400 telephones (2.33 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station; 1 satellite ground station