1981 Edition

Airfields

66 total, 55 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

301,217 km2; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban

323,750 km2; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated, 52% grazing, fallow, and waste; 322 km of lagoons and connecting canals extend east-west along eastern part of the coast

Civil air

22 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in

Coastline

4,996 km

515 km

Land boundaries

1,702 km

3,227 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm

12 run (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)

Military manpower

eligible 15-49, 1,838,000; of 921,000 males 15-49, 580,000 fit for military service; of 909,000 females 15-49, 571,000 fit for military service; 35,000 males and 33,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service

Pipelines

crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km

Ports

3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor

Telecommunications

most highly developed in the Middle East though not the largest; good system of coaxial cable and radio relay; 930,000 telephones (25.4 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 10 FM stations, 15 TV stations, and 25 repeater stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station, second antenna planned DEFENSE FORCES

Ethnic divisions

primarily Italian but population includes small clusters of German-, French-, and SloveneItalians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south

7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approximately 2 million foreign Africans, mostly Upper Voltans; about 75,000 to 90,000 nonAfricans (50,000 to 60,000 French and 25,000 to 30,000 Lebanese)

Labor force

22,372,000 (1980); 14.1% agriculture, 37.6% industry, 48.3% other (1980); 7.6% unemployment (1980); 1.5 million Italians employed in other West European countries

over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions

Language

Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region (for example, Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area

French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken

Literacy

5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region

about 65% at primary school level

Nationality

noun — Italian(s); adjective — Italian

noun — Ivorian(s); adjective — Ivorian

Organized labor

50-55% (est.) of labor force

20% of wage labor force

Population

57,353,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.3%

8,569,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.3%

Religion

almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion)

66% animist, 22% Muslim, 12% Christian

Branches

executive — President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment

President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate judiciary

Capital

Rome

Abidjan IVORY COAST (Continued)

Communists

1,814,740 members (February 1978)

no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers

Elections

national elections for Parliament held every five years (most recent, June 1979); provincial and municipal elections held every five years with some out of phase; regional elections every five years (held June 1980) Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DC), Flaminio Piccoli (secretary general); Communist Party (PCI), Enrico Berlinguer (secretary general); Socialist Party (PSI), Benedetto Craxi (secretary general); Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Pietro Longo (secretary general); Liberal Party (PLI), Valeric Zanone (party secretary); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almirante (party secretary); Republican Party (PRI), Giovanni Spadolini (party secretary) Voting strength (1979 election): 38.3% DC, 30.4% PCI, 9.8% PSI, 5.3% MSI, 3.8% PSDI, 3.0% PRI, 1.9% PLI, 3.4% other

legislative and municipal elections were held in November 1980; Houphouet-Boigny reelected in October 1980 to his fifth consecutive five-year term Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast (PDCI), only party; Houphouet-Boigny firmly controls party

Government leader

President Felix HOUPHOUETBOIGNY

Government leaders

President Alessandro PERTINI; Premier Giovanni SPADOLINI

Legal system

based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

ADB, ASSIMER, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECOWAS, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

AFDB, CEAO, KAMA, EGA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June

7 December

Official name

Italian Republic

Republic of the Ivory Coast

Other political or pressure groups

the Vatican; three major trade union confederations (CGIL — Communist dominated, CISL — Christian Democratic, and UIL — Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Italian manufacturers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups

Political subdivisions

constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions; five with special statute (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle ITALY (Continued) d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time and the remaining 15 regions with regular statute were instituted on 1 April 1972; 95 provinces, 8,081 communes

24 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures

Suffrage

universal over age 18 (except in senatorial elections where minimum age of voter is 25)

universal over age 21

Type

republic

republic; one-party presidential regime established

Agriculture

important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops — cereals, potatoes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; food shortages — fats, meat, fish, and eggs; daily caloric intake, 3,172 calories per capita (1977)

commercial — coffee, cocoa, wood, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops — corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities — cotton, rubber, tobacco, fish; selfsufficient in most foodstuffs but rice, sugar, and meat imported

Aid

donor — bilateral economic aid committed (ODA and OOF), $5.8 billion (1970-79)

economic commitments — Western (non-US) ODA and OOF (1970-79), $1,341 million; US authorizations, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $141 million

Budget

(1980), revenues $2.8 billion, current expenditures $2.8 billion, development expenditures $1.4 billion

Crude steel

26.5 million metric tons produced (1980), 465 kg per capita

Electric power

48,000,000 kW capacity (1981); 186.0 billion kWh produced (1981), 3,247 kWh per capita

721,500 kW capacity (1980); 1.717 billion kWh produced (1980), 210 kWh per capita

Exports

$77.9 billion (f.o.b., 1980); principal items — machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals, footwear

$3.0 billion (f.o.b., 1980 est.); cocoa (32%), coffee (23%), tropical woods (19%), cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil

Fiscal year

calendar year

calendar year

Fishing

catch 401,958 metric tons (1978); exports $90 million (1979), imports $459 million (1979)

catch 92,050 metric tons (1979 est.); exports $44.7 million (1979), imports $71.9 million (1979)

GDP

$394 billion (1980), $6,900 per capita; 63.1% private consumption, 20.0% gross fixed investment, 16.6% government, net foreign balance —0.5%; 1980 growth rate 4.0% (1975 constant prices)

$10.3 billion (1980 est.), $1,250 per capita; real average annual growth rate, 6.8% (1980 est.)

Imports

$99.7 billion (c.i.f., 1980); principal itemsmachinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleum

$2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1980 est.); manufactured goods and semifinished products (50%), consumer goods (40%), raw materials and fuels (10%)

Major industries

machinery and transportation equipment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles

food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery factory

Major trade partners

(1980) 46% EC-nine (17% West Germany, 14% France, 5% UK, 4% Netherlands); 2% USSR and 3% other Communist countries of Eastern Europe

(1979) France and other EC countries about 65%, US 10%, Communist countries about 3%

Monetary conversion rate

Smithsonian rate as of December 1973, 650.4 lire=US$l; average rate in 1980, 856 lire=US$l

about 211.3 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l (1980)

Shortages

coal, fuels, minerals

Airfields

147 total, 142 usable; 84 with permanentsurface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 32 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

50 total, 47 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

146 major transport aircraft, including 6 leased in

23 major transport aircraft

Forts

16 major, 22 significant minor

Highways

294,410 km total; autostrade 5,900 km, state highways 45,170 km, provincial highways 101,680 km, communal highways 141,660 km; 260,500 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 26,900 km gravel and crushed stone, 7,010 km earth

45,600 km total; 2,461 km bituminous and bituminous-treated surface; 31,939 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth; 11,200 km unimproved

Inland waterways

2,500 km navigable routes

740 km navigable rivers and numerous coastal lagoons

Military budget

proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $8.8 billion; about 4.4% of central government budget At/antic Ocean

Military manpower

males 15-49, 14,075,000; 11,862,000 fit for military service; 466,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 2,081,000; 1,068,000 fit for military service; 84,000 males reach military age (18) annually

Pipelines

crude oil, 1,703 km; refined products, 2,148 km; natural gas, 13,749 km IVORY COAST ITALY (Continued)

Ports

2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 3 minor

Railroads

20,085 km total; 16,140 km government owned standard gauge (1.435 m), 8,585 km electrified; 3,945 km nongovernment owned — 2,100 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,155 km electrified, and 1,845 km narrow gauge (0.950 m), 380 km electrified

657 km of the 1,173 km Abidjan to Ouagadougou, Upper Volta line, all single track meter gauge (1.00 m); only diesel locomotives in use

Telecommunications

well engineered, well constructed, and efficiently operated; 18.1 million telephones (31.7 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 1,830 FM, and 1,350 TV stations; 20 coaxial submarine cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with a total of 5 antennas DEFENSE FORCES

system above African average; consists of open-wire lines and radio-relay links; 78,400 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 8 FM, and 6 TV stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES