2013 Edition

Background

Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but Iceland was especially hard hit by the global financial crisis in the years following 2008. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first rate by world standards.

Area

103,000 sq km 100,250 sq km 2,750 sq km

total

103,000 sq km

water

2,750 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Kentucky

Climate

temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers

Coastline

4,970 km

Elevation extremes

Atlantic Ocean 0 m Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)

highest point

Hvannadalshnukur 2,110 m (at Vatnajokull glacier)

lowest point

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment - current issues

water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

0.17 cu km/yr (49%/8%/42%) 539.2 cu m/yr (2005)

per capita

539.2 cu m/yr (2005)

total

0.17 cu km/yr (49%/8%/42%)

Geographic coordinates

65 00 N, 18 00 W

Geography - note

strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

1.19% 0% 98.81% (2011)

arable land

1.19%

other

98.81% (2011)

permanent crops

0%

Location

Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

12 nm 200 nm 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

earthquakes and volcanic activity Iceland, situated on top of a hotspot, experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (elev. 1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (elev. 1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption in the very near future, potentially disrupting air traffic; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar

volcanism

Iceland, situated on top of a hotspot, experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (elev. 1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (elev. 1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption in the very near future, potentially disrupting air traffic; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar

Natural resources

fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite

Terrain

mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords

Total renewable water resources

170 cu km (2011)

Age structure

19.8% (male 31,675/female 30,852) 14.6% (male 23,364/female 22,821) 40.9% (male 65,018/female 63,903) 11.4% (male 18,229/female 17,767) 13.2% (male 19,140/female 22,512) (2013 est.)

0-14 years

19.8% (male 31,675/female 30,852)

15-24 years

14.6% (male 23,364/female 22,821)

25-54 years

40.9% (male 65,018/female 63,903)

55-64 years

11.4% (male 18,229/female 17,767)

65 years and over

13.2% (male 19,140/female 22,512) (2013 est.)

Birth rate

13.15 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Death rate

7.07 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios

50.4 % 31.1 % 19.3 % 5.2 (2013)

elderly dependency ratio

19.3 %

potential support ratio

5.2 (2013)

total dependency ratio

50.4 %

youth dependency ratio

31.1 %

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)

rural

100% of population

total

100% of population (2010 est.)

urban

100% of population

Education expenditures

7.8% of GDP (2009)

Ethnic groups

homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%

Health expenditures

9.1% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.3% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

5.8 beds/1,000 population (2007)

Infant mortality rate

3.17 deaths/1,000 live births 3.31 deaths/1,000 live births 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

female

3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

total

3.17 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken

Life expectancy at birth

81.11 years 78.89 years 83.42 years (2013 est.)

female

83.42 years (2013 est.)

total population

81.11 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 99% 99% 99% (2003 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

99% (2003 est.)

male

99%

total population

99%

Major urban areas - population

REYKJAVIK (capital) 198,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

36.2 years 35.7 years 36.6 years (2013 est.)

female

36.6 years (2013 est.)

male

35.7 years

total

36.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

27 (2011 est.)

Nationality

Icelander(s) Icelandic

adjective

Icelandic

noun

Icelander(s)

Net migration rate

0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

23.2% (2008)

Physicians density

3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population

315,281 (July 2013 est.)

Population growth rate

0.66% (2013 est.)

Religions

Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 80.7%, Roman Catholic 2.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.4%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.6%, other religions 3.6%, unaffiliated 3%, other or unspecified 6.2% (2006 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)

rural

100% of population

total

100% of population (2010 est.)

urban

100% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

18 years 17 years 20 years (2010)

female

20 years (2010)

male

17 years

total

18 years

Sex ratio

1.04 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 1.02 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 0.85 male(s)/female 1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

0-14 years

1.03 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.03 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.85 male(s)/female

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

total population

1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.88 children born/woman (2013 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

14.6% 18.4% 10.7% (2011)

female

10.7% (2011)

total

14.6%

Urbanization

93% of total population (2010) 1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

93% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

8 regions; Austurland, Hofudhborgarsvaedhi, Nordhurland Eystra, Nordhurland Vestra, Sudhurland, Sudhurnes, Vestfirdhir, Vesturland

Capital

Reykjavik 64 09 N, 21 57 W UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

64 09 N, 21 57 W

name

Reykjavik

time difference

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence); amended many times, last in 2013; note - a new constitution drafted in 2012 in the aftermath of the country's banking collapse was voted down in April 2013 by the recently elected parliament, though several amendments were passed (2013)

Country name

Republic of Iceland Iceland Lydveldid Island Island

conventional long form

Republic of Iceland

conventional short form

Iceland

local long form

Lydveldid Island

local short form

Island

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador Luis E. ARREAGA (since 10 September 2012) Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik US Department of State, 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640 [354] 595-22 00 [354] 562-9118

chief of mission

Ambassador Luis E. ARREAGA (since 10 September 2012)

embassy

Laufasvegur 21, 101 Reykjavik

FAX

[354] 562-9118

mailing address

US Department of State, 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640

telephone

[354] 595-22 00

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Gudmundur A. STEFANSSON (since 12 October 2011) House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW #509, Washington, DC 20007 [1] (202) 265-6653 [1] (202) 265-6656 New York

chancery

House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW #509, Washington, DC 20007

chief of mission

Ambassador Gudmundur A. STEFANSSON (since 12 October 2011)

consulate(s) general

New York

FAX

[1] (202) 265-6656

telephone

[1] (202) 265-6653

Executive branch

President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996) Prime Minister Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON (since 23 May 2013) Cabinet appointed by the prime minister president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2016); note - following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON elected president; percent of vote - Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON 52.8%, Thora ARNORSDOTTIR 33.2%, Ari Trausti GUDMUNDSSON 8.6%, other 5.4%

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

chief of state

President Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON (since 1 August 1996)

election results

Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON elected president; percent of vote - Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON 52.8%, Thora ARNORSDOTTIR 33.2%, Ari Trausti GUDMUNDSSON 8.6%, other 5.4%

elections

president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 June 2012 (next to be held in June 2016); note - following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister

head of government

Prime Minister Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON (since 23 May 2013)

Flag description

blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors represent three of the elements that make up the island: red is for the island's volcanic fires, white recalls the snow and ice fields of the island, and blue is for the surrounding ocean

blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors represent three of the elements that make up the island

red is for the island's volcanic fires, white recalls the snow and ice fields of the island, and blue is for the surrounding ocean

Government type

constitutional republic

Independence

1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON leader of Iceland's 19th Century independence movement)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 9 judges) judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president; judges appointed for an indefinite period 8 district courts; Labor Court

highest court(s)

Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 9 judges)

judge selection and term of office

judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president; judges appointed for an indefinite period

subordinate courts

8 district courts; Labor Court

Legal system

civil law system influenced by the Danish model

Legislative branch

unicameral Althingi (parliament) (63 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) last held on 27 April 2013 (next to be held in 2017) percent of vote by party - SDA 30.16%, IP 25.4%, LGM 17.46%, PP 14.29%, Bright Future 3.18%, Dawn 3.18%, Rainbow 3.18%, Pirate Party 1.59%, Solidarity 1.59%; seats by party - SDA 19, IP 16, LGM 11, PP 9, Bright Future 2, Dawn 2, Rainbow 2, Pirate Party 1, Solidarity 1

election results

percent of vote by party - SDA 30.16%, IP 25.4%, LGM 17.46%, PP 14.29%, Bright Future 3.18%, Dawn 3.18%, Rainbow 3.18%, Pirate Party 1.59%, Solidarity 1.59%; seats by party - SDA 19, IP 16, LGM 11, PP 9, Bright Future 2, Dawn 2, Rainbow 2, Pirate Party 1, Solidarity 1

elections

last held on 27 April 2013 (next to be held in 2017)

National anthem

"Lofsongur" (Song of Praise) Matthias JOCHUMSSON/Sveinbjorn SVEINBJORNSSON adopted 1944; the anthem, also known as "O, Gud vors lands" (O, God of Our Land), was originally written and performed in 1874

lyrics/music

Matthias JOCHUMSSON/Sveinbjorn SVEINBJORNSSON

name

"Lofsongur" (Song of Praise)

National holiday

Independence Day, 17 June (1944)

National symbol(s)

gyrfalcon

Political parties and leaders

Bright Future [Guomundur STEINGRIMSSON] [Robert MARSHALL] Dawn [Margret Tryggvadottir Por SAARI] Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON] Left-Green Movement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON] Pirate Party [Biritta JONSDOTTIR] Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON] Rainbow [Atli GISLASON] [Jon BJARNASON] Social Democratic Alliance or SDA [Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR] Solidarity [Lilja MOSESDOTTIR]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

potatoes, green vegetables; mutton, chicken, pork, beef, dairy products; fish

Budget

$5.879 billion $6.347 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$6.347 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$5.879 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.5% of GDP (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate

5.4% (31 January 2012 est.) 5.75% (31 December 2010 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

8.33% (31 December 2012 est.) 7.7% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$-740 million (2012 est.) $-887 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$100.2 billion (31 December 2012) $110.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

28 (2006) 25 (2005)

Economy - overview

Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Prior to the 2008 crisis, Iceland had achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. The economy depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of export earnings, more than 12% of GDP, and employs nearly 5% of the work force. It remains sensitive to declining fish stocks as well as to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of software production, biotechnology, and tourism. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy, although the financial crisis has put several investment projects on hold. Much of Iceland's economic growth in recent years came as the result of a boom in domestic demand following the rapid expansion of the country's financial sector. Domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies, following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled more than 10 times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. The country secured over $10 billion in loans from the IMF and other countries to stabilize its currency and financial sector, and to back government guarantees for foreign deposits in Icelandic banks. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. GDP rose 2.7% in 2012 and unemployment declined to 5.6%. Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included: stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have foreign majority ownership, while the State holds a majority of the shares of the third. Iceland began making payments to the UK, the Netherlands, and other claimants in late 2011 following Iceland's Supreme Court ruling that upheld 2008 emergency legislation that gives priority to depositors for compensation from failed Icelandic banks. Iceland owes British and Dutch authorities approximately $5.5 billion for compensating British and Dutch citizens who lost deposits in Icesave when parent bank Landsbanki failed in 2008. Iceland began accession negotiations with the EU in July 2010; however, public support has dropped substantially because of concern about losing control over fishing resources and in reaction to worries over the ongoing Eurozone crisis.

Iceland's Scandinavian-type social-market economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Prior to the 2008 crisis, Iceland had achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution

fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of software production, biotechnology, and tourism. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy, although the financial crisis has put several investment projects on hold. Much of Iceland's economic growth in recent years came as the result of a boom in domestic demand following the rapid expansion of the country's financial sector. Domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies, following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled more than 10 times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. The country secured over $10 billion in loans from the IMF and other countries to stabilize its currency and financial sector, and to back government guarantees for foreign deposits in Icelandic banks. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. GDP rose 2.7% in 2012 and unemployment declined to 5.6%. Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included: stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have foreign majority ownership, while the State holds a majority of the shares of the third. Iceland began making payments to the UK, the Netherlands, and other claimants in late 2011 following Iceland's Supreme Court ruling that upheld 2008 emergency legislation that gives priority to depositors for compensation from failed Icelandic banks. Iceland owes British and Dutch authorities approximately $5.5 billion for compensating British and Dutch citizens who lost deposits in Icesave when parent bank Landsbanki failed in 2008. Iceland began accession negotiations with the EU in July 2010; however, public support has dropped substantially because of concern about losing control over fishing resources and in reaction to worries over the ongoing Eurozone crisis.

Exchange rates

Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - 125.08 (2012 est.) 115.95 (2011 est.) 122.24 (2010 est.) 123.64 (2009) 85.62 (2008)

Exports

$5.06 billion (2012 est.) $5.344 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

fish and fish products 40%, aluminum, animal products, ferrosilicon, diatomite

Exports - partners

Netherlands 30%, Germany 12.9%, UK 9.8%, Norway 5.1%, US 4.5%, France 4.4% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

53.7% 25.3% 14.5% 0.3% 59.4% -53.3% (2012 est.)

exports of goods and services

59.4%

government consumption

25.3%

household consumption

53.7%

imports of goods and services

-53.3%

investment in fixed capital

14.5%

investment in inventories

0.3%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

5.8% 23.7% 70.5% (2012 est.)

agriculture

5.8%

industry

23.7%

services

70.5% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$39,700 (2012 est.) $39,200 (2011 est.) $38,200 (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

1.6% (2012 est.) 2.9% (2011 est.) -4.1% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$13.47 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$12.69 billion (2012 est.) $12.49 billion (2011 est.) $12.14 billion (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

Gross national saving

9.3% of GDP (2012 est.) 8.1% of GDP (2011 est.) 4.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$4.441 billion (2012 est.) $4.506 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports - partners

Norway 16.6%, US 10.2%, Germany 9.2%, China 7.2%, Brazil 6.7%, Netherlands 6%, Denmark 5.7%, UK 4.6% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

-2.4% (2012 est.)

Industries

fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production; geothermal power, hydropower, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5.2% (2012 est.) 4% (2011 est.)

Labor force

180,100 (2012 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

4.8% 22.2% 73% (2008)

agriculture

4.8%

industry

22.2%

services

73% (2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$2.021 billion (31 December 2011) $1.996 billion (31 December 2010) $1.128 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

NA% 332,100 families (2011 est.)

Public debt

131.8% of GDP (2012 est.) 133.8% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$4.192 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $8.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$12.57 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $12.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$8.8 billion (31 December 2008)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$9.2 billion (31 December 2008)

Stock of domestic credit

$18.96 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $19.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$3.562 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.053 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

43.6% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

5.8% (2012 est.) 7.4% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

3.809 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 es)

Electricity - consumption

16.23 billion kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

4.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

73% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

22.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

2.579 million kW (2010 est.)

Electricity - production

17.08 billion kWh (2011 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2013 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

20,770 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

1,420 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

14,160 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned public TV broadcaster operates 1 TV channel nationally; several privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about one-half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV services; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 2 national networks and 4 regional stations; 2 privately owned radio stations operate nationally and another 15 provide more limited coverage (2007)

Internet country code

.is

Internet hosts

369,969 (2012)

Internet users

301,600 (2009)

Telephone system

telecommunications infrastructure is modern and fully digitized, with satellite-earth stations, fiber-optic cables, and an extensive broadband network liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)

domestic

liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market

general assessment

telecommunications infrastructure is modern and fully digitized, with satellite-earth stations, fiber-optic cables, and an extensive broadband network

international

country code - 354; the CANTAT-3 and FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, UK, Denmark, and Germany; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Canada, US, and Ireland; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

189,000 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

346,000 (2012)

Airports

96 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

3 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

3

914 to 1,523 m

3 (2013)

over 3,047 m

1

total

7

Airports - with unpaved runways

60 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

3

914 to 1,523 m

26

total

89

Merchant marine

passenger/cargo 2 19 (Antigua and Barbuda 10, Belize 1, Faroe Islands 4, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Norway 2) (2010)

registered in other countries

19 (Antigua and Barbuda 10, Belize 1, Faroe Islands 4, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Norway 2) (2010)

total

2

Ports and terminals

Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Reykjavik

Roadways

12,890 km 4,782 km (does not include urban roads) 8,108 km (2012)

total

12,890 km

unpaved

8,108 km (2012)

Manpower available for military service

75,337 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

75,337 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

62,781 61,511 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

61,511 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

62,781

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

2,277 2,200 (2010 est.)

female

2,200 (2010 est.)

male

2,277

Military - note

Iceland has no standing military force; all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn as of October 2006; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU) (2011)

Military branches

no regular military forces; Icelandic National Police; Icelandic Coast Guard (2013)

Military expenditures

0% of GDP (2005 est.)

Disputes - international

Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; the European Free Trade Association Surveillance Authority filed a suit against Iceland, claiming the country violated the European Economic Area agreement in failing to pay minimum compensation to Icesave depositors

Refugees and internally displaced persons

119 (2012)

stateless persons

119 (2012)