2019 Edition

Background

Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.

Area

Land

89,608 sq km

Total

93,028 sq km

Water

3,420 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana

Climate

temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

Highest Point

Kekes 1,014 m

Lowest Point

Tisza River 78 m

Mean Elevation

143 m

Environment Current Issues

air and water pollution are some of Hungary's most serious environmental problems; water quality in the Hungarian part of the Danube has improved but is still plagued by pollutants from industry and large-scale agriculture; soil pollution

Environment International Agreements

Party To

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed But Not Ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic Coordinates

47 00 N, 20 00 E

Geography Note

landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions

Irrigated Land

1,721 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

Border Countries

Austria 321 km, Croatia 348 km, Romania 424 km, Serbia 164 km, Slovakia 627 km, Slovenia 94 km, Ukraine 128 km

Total

2,106 km

Land Use

Agricultural Land

58.9% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Arable Land

48.5% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Crops

2% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Pasture

8.4% (2011 est.)

Forest

22.5% (2011 est.)

Other

18.6% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Europe, northwest of Romania

Map References

Europe

Maritime Claims

none (landlocked)

Natural Resources

bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Population Distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Terrain

mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

Age Structure

0 14 Years

14.66% (male 741,624 /female 698,905)

15 24 Years

10.76% (male 546,437 /female 511,214)

25 54 Years

42.01% (male 2,077,449 /female 2,050,330)

55 64 Years

13.07% (male 593,250 /female 690,784)

65 Years And Over

19.5% (male 725,728 /female 1,189,983) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

8.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

61.6% (2008/09)

Current Health Expenditure

7.4% (2016)

Death Rate

12.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Elderly Dependency Ratio

25.7 (2015 est.)

Potential Support Ratio

3.9 (2015 est.)

Total Dependency Ratio

46.9 (2015 est.)

Youth Dependency Ratio

21.2 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved Rural

100% of population

Improved Total

100% of population

Improved Urban

100% of population

Unimproved Rural

0% of population

Unimproved Total

0% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

0% of population

Education Expenditures

4.7% of GDP (2016)

Ethnic Groups

Hungarian 85.6%, Romani 3.2%, German 1.9%, other 2.6%, unspecified 14.1% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS Adult Prevalence Rate

<.1% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS Deaths

<100 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS People Living With HIV/AIDS

3,700 (2018 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

7 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant Mortality Rate

Female

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

5.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

4.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Hungarian (official) 99.6%, English 16%, German 11.2%, Russian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, French 1.2%, other 4.2% (2011 est.)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Female

80.2 years

Male

72.6 years

Total Population

76.3 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Female

99% (2015)

Male

99.1%

Total Population

99.1%

Major Infectious Diseases

Degree Of Risk

intermediate (2016)

Vectorborne Diseases

tickborne encephalitis (2016)

Major Urban Areas Population

1.764 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2019)

Maternal Mortality Rate

12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median Age

Female

44.7 years

Male

40.8 years

Total

42.7 years (2018 est.)

Mother's Mean Age at First Birth

28.3 years (2014 est.)

Nationality

Adjective

Hungarian

Noun

Hungarian(s)

Net Migration Rate

1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

26.4% (2016)

Physicians Density

3.23 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Population

9,825,704 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

-0.26% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 37.2%, Calvinist 11.6%, Lutheran 2.2%, Greek Catholic 1.8%, other 1.9%, none 18.2%, no response 27.2% (2011 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved Rural

98.6% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Total

98% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Urban

97.8% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Rural

1.4% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Total

2% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

2.2% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

Female

15 years (2016)

Male

15 years

Total

15 years

Sex Ratio

0 14 Years

1.06 male(s)/female

15 24 Years

1.07 male(s)/female

25 54 Years

1.01 male(s)/female

55 64 Years

0.86 male(s)/female

65 Years And Over

0.61 male(s)/female

At Birth

1.06 male(s)/female

Total Population

0.91 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.45 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

Female

12.1% (2017 est.)

Male

9.7%

Total

10.7%

Urbanization

Rate Of Urbanization

0.07% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Urban Population

71.6% of total population (2019)

Administrative Divisions

19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala; cities with county rights: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg; capital city: Budapest

Capital

Daylight Saving Time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Geographic Coordinates

47 30 N, 19 05 E

Name

Budapest

Time Difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship By Birth

no

Citizenship By Descent Only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary

Dual Citizenship Recognized

yes

Residency Requirement For Naturalization

8 years

Constitution

Amendments

proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president; amended several times, last in 2018 (2019)

History

previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012

Country Name

Conventional Long Form

none

Conventional Short Form

Hungary

Etymology

the Byzantine Greeks refered to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a name that was later Latinized to "Ungri" and which became "Hungari"; the name originally meant an "[alliance of] ten tribes"; the Hungarian name "Magyarorszag" means "Country of the Magyars"; the term may derive from the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes, the Megyer

Former

Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic

Local Long Form

none

Local Short Form

Magyarorszag

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador David B. CORNSTEIN (since 25 June 2018)

Embassy

Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest

Fax

[36] (1) 475-4248

Mailing Address

pouch: American Embassy Budapest, 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270

Telephone

[36] (1) 475-4400

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

Chancery

3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador Laszlo SZABO (since 8 September 2017)

Consulate's General

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Fax

[1] (202) 966-8135

Telephone

[1] (202) 362-6730

Executive Branch

Cabinet

Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president

Chief Of State

President Janos ADER (since 10 May 2012)

Election Results

Janos ADER (Fidesz) reelected president; National Assembly vote - 131 to 39; Viktor ORBAN (Fidesz) reelected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 134 to 28

Elections Appointments

president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 March 2017 (next to be held spring 2022); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held on 10 May 2018 (next to be held by spring 2022)

Head Of Government

Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)

Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for the pasturelands that make up so much of the country

Government Type

parliamentary republic

Independence

16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)

International Law Organization Participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial Branch

Highest Courts

Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and approximately 91 judges and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)

Judge Selection And Term Of Office

Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62

Subordinate Courts

5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts

Legal System

civil legal system influenced by the German model

Legislative Branch

Description

unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)

Election Results

percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 6%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15, LMP 9, DK 9, PM 5, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%

Elections

last held on 8 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2022)

National Anthem

Lyrics Music

Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL

Name

"Himnusz" (Hymn)

National Holiday

Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083); note - commemorates his canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083

National Symbol S

Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen); national colors: red, white, green

Political Parties And Leaders

Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN] Democratic Coalition or DK [Ferenc GYURCSANY] Dialogue for Hungary or PM [Gergely KARACSONY, Timea SZABO] Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN] Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP [Bertalan TOTH] Momentum (Momentum Mozgalom) [Andras FEKETE-GYOR] Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik [Tamas SNEIDER] National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or LdU [Olivia SCHUBERT] Politics Can Be Different or LMP [Marta DEMETER, Laszlo LORANT-KERESZTES]

Suffrage

18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal

Agriculture Products

wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products

Budget

Expenditures

64.7 billion (2017 est.)

Revenues

61.98 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

31 December 2016

0.9%

31 December 2017

0.9%

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

31 December 2016

2.09%

31 December 2017

1.48%

Current Account Balance

2016

$7.597 billion

2017

$4.39 billion

Debt External

31 December 2016

$131.3 billion

31 December 2017

$138.1 billion

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

2014

28.6

2015

28.2

Economy Overview

Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth. Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary&rsquo;s debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package. Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary&rsquo;s public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election. Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports.

Exchange Rates

2013

232.6

2014

279.33

2015

281.52

2016

281.52

2017

279.5

Currency

forints (HUF) per US dollar -

Exports

2016

$91.6 billion

2017

$98.74 billion

Exports Commodities

machinery and equipment (55.8%), other manufactures (32.7%), food products (6.8%), raw materials (2.4%), fuels and electricity (2.3%) (2017 est.)

Exports Partners

Germany 27.7%, Romania 5.4%, Italy 5.1%, Austria 5%, Slovakia 4.8%, France 4.4%, Czech Republic 4.4%, Poland 4.3% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

GDP Composition By End Use

Exports Of Goods And Services

90.2% (2017 est.)

Government Consumption

20% (2017 est.)

Household Consumption

49.6% (2017 est.)

Imports Of Goods And Services

-82.4% (2017 est.)

Investment In Fixed Capital

21.6% (2017 est.)

Investment In Inventories

1% (2017 est.)

GDP Composition By Sector Of Origin

Agriculture

3.9% (2017 est.)

Industry

31.3% (2017 est.)

Services

64.8% (2017 est.)

GDP Official Exchange Rate

$139.2 billion (2017 est.)

GDP Per Capita Ppp

2015

$27,600

2016

$28,300

2017

$29,600

GDP Purchasing Power Parity

2015

$272.5 billion

2016

$278.5 billion

2017

$289.6 billion

GDP Real Growth Rate

2015

3.4%

2016

2.2%

2017

4%

Gross National Saving

2015

25.3% of GDP

2016

25.8% of GDP

2017

25.7% of GDP

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

Highest 10

22.4% (2015)

Lowest 10

3.3%

Imports

2016

$83.5 billion

2017

$96.3 billion

Imports Commodities

machinery and equipment 45.4%, other manufactures 34.3%, fuels and electricity 12.6%, food products 5.3%, raw materials 2.5% (2012)

Imports Partners

Germany 26.2%, Austria 6.3%, China 5.9%, Poland 5.5%, Slovakia 5.3%, Netherlands 5%, Czech Republic 4.8%, Italy 4.7%, France 4% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

7.4% (2017 est.)

Industries

mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

2016

0.4%

2017

2.4%

Labor Force

4.599 million (2017 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

Agriculture

4.9%

Industry

30.3%

Services

64.5% (2015 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

31 December 2015

$17.69 billion

31 December 2016

$22.4 billion

31 December 2017

$27.7 billion

Population Below Poverty Line

14.9% (2015 est.)

Public Debt

2016

76% of GDP

2017

73.6% of GDP

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

31 December 2016

$25.82 billion

31 December 2017

$28 billion

Stock Of Broad Money

31 December 2016

$55.48 billion

31 December 2017

$74.77 billion

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

31 December 2016

$222.6 billion

31 December 2017

$212 billion

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment at Home

31 December 2016

$298.2 billion

31 December 2017

$290 billion

Stock Of Domestic Credit

31 December 2016

$69.76 billion

31 December 2017

$86.22 billion

Stock Of Narrow Money

31 December 2016

$55.48 billion

31 December 2017

$74.77 billion

Taxes And Other Revenues

44.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2016

5.1%

2017

4.2%

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

51.28 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

2,713 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

121,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Production

16,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

24 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

100% (2016)

Electricity Consumption

39.37 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

5.24 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

64% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

22% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

13% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

17.95 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

8.639 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

30.22 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

10.39 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

3.52 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

13.37 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

1.812 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

6.598 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

167,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

58,720 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

82,110 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

152,400 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

30 (2017 est.)

Total

2,956,585

Broadcast Media

mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV services with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing their services; 4 state-supported public-service radio networks; a large number of local stations including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition completed at the end of 2013; government-linked businesses have greatly consolidated ownership in broadcast and print media

Internet Country Code

.hu

Internet Users

Percent Of Population

79.3% (July 2016 est.)

Total

7,826,695

Telephone System

Domestic

competition among mobile-cellular service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile-cellular phones, 122 per 100, and a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections, 32 per 100 persons (2018)

General Assessment

modern telephone system is digital and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; regulator preps for 5G spectrum auction in 2019 (2018)

International

country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals

Telephones Fixed Lines

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

32 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

3,131,598

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

122 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

12,030,940

Airports

41 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1 524 To 2 437 M

6 (2017)

2 438 To 3 047 M

6 (2017)

914 To 1 523 M

5 (2017)

Over 3 047 M

2 (2017)

Total

20 (2017)

Under 914 M

1 (2017)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

1 524 To 2 437 M

2 (2013)

914 To 1 523 M

8 (2013)

Total

21 (2013)

Under 914 M

11 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

HA (2016)

Heliports

3 (2013)

National Air Transport System

Annual Freight Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

0 mt-km (2015)

Annual Passenger Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

20,042,185 (2015)

Inventory Of Registered Aircraft Operated By Air Carriers

75 (2015)

Number Of Registered Air Carriers

5 (2015)

Pipelines

5874 km gas (high-pressure transmission system), 83732 km gas (low-pressure distribution network), 850 km oil, 1200 km refined products (2016)

Ports And Terminals

Baja, Csepel (Budapest), Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Mohacs (Danube)

Railways

Broad Gauge

36 km 1.524-m gauge (2014)

Narrow Gauge

219 km 0.760-m gauge (2014)

Standard Gauge

7,794 km 1.435-m gauge (2,889 km electrified) (2014)

Total

8,049 km (2014)

Roadways

Paved

77,087 km (includes 1,582 km of expressways) (2014)

Total

203,601 km (2014)

Unpaved

126,514 km (2014)

Waterways

1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2011)

Military And Security Forces

Hungarian Defense Forces: Ground Forces and Hungarian Air Force. (2019)

Military Expenditures

2015

0.92% of GDP

2016

1.02% of GDP

2017

1.05% of GDP

2018

1.15% of GDP

2019

1.21% of GDP

Military Service Age And Obligation

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 6-month service obligation (2012)

Disputes International

bilateral government, legal, technical and economic working group negotiations continue in 2006 with Slovakia over Hungary's failure to complete its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary has implemented the strict Schengen border rules

Illicit Drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; efforts to counter money laundering, related to organized crime and drug trafficking are improving but remain vulnerable; significant consumer of ecstasy

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

Refugees Country Of Origin

5,950 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)

Stateless Persons

144 (2018)