1985 Edition

Agriculture

agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 20% selfsufficient; shortages — rice, wheat, water

normally self-sufficient; main crops — corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes

Airfields

2 total; 2 usable; 2 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659m

Branches

Headquarters of British Forces, Gurkha Field Forces, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police Force

executive — Presidential Council (elected by parliament); unicameral legislature— National Assembly (elected by direct suffrage); judicial — Supreme Court (elected by parliament)

Hungarian People's Army, Frontier Guard, Air and Air Defense Command

Budget

(1983/84) $4.5 billion

Capital

Budapest

Civil air

16 major transport aircraft

Communists

about 820,000 party members (June 1982)

Crude steel

3.6 million metric tons produced (1983), 338 kg per capita

Elections

every five years (last election June 1980); national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers' Party (MSZMP), sole party; Janos Kadar, First Secretary (since November 1956)

Electric power

5,512,000 kW capacity (1984); 16.870 billion kWh produced (1984), 3, 1 27 kWh per capita

6,530,000 kW capacity (1984); 26.709 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,513 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

92.4% Hungarian, 3.3% Gypsy, 2.5% German, 0.7% Jewish, 1.1% other

Exports

$22.1 billion (f.o.b., 1983), including $7.7 billion reexports; principal products — clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufactures 7mpor«s.-$24.1 billion (c.i.f., 1983)

$14.7 billion (f.o.b., 1983); 37% fuels, raw materials, and semifinished products; 26% machinery and equipment; 23% agricultural and forestry products; 14% manufactured consumer goods /mpor<s; $13.8billion(c.i.f., 1983); 67% fuels, raw materials, and semifinished products; 17% machinery and equipment; 9% manufactured consumer goods; 7% agricultural and forestry products

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

calendar year Communications

Freight carried

rail — 129.8 million metric tons, 24.4 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway— 231.7 million metric tons, 5.9 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway — est. 4.1 million metric tons, 7. 9 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)

GDP

(1984 est.) $31.5 billion, $5,830 per capita; real growth, 8.5%

GNP

$68.8 billion in 1983 (at 1982 US dollars), $6,439 per capita; 1983 growth rate, -0.5%

Government leaders

Pal LOSONCZI, President, Presidential Council (since April 1967); Gyorgy LAZAR, Premier, Council of Ministers (since May 1975)

Highways

1,160 km total; 794 km paved, 306 km gravel, crushed stone, or earth

29,805 km total; 24,848 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 4,255 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 702 km earth (1981)

Inland waterways

1,688 km (1980)

Labor force

4,970,100(1983); 32% industry; 22% agriculture; 46% services, trade, government, and other Government

Land boundaries

2,245 km People

Language

98.2% Hungarian, 1.8% other

Legal system

based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Supreme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos University Faculty of Law in Budapest and two other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Literacy

98%

Major industries

textiles and clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, and clocks

mining, metallurgy, engineering industries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially Pharmaceuticals)

Major trade partners

(1983) exports— 32% US, 11% China, 5% UK, 5% FRG; imports— 24% China, 23% Japan, 11% US.

30% USSR, 9% FRG (1983)

Member of

CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy

Military budget

est. for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $195.3 million; about 4.3% of central government budget and 1% of GDP 120km Sec ref lonal map V Land 92,980 km2; slightly smaller than Indiana; 70.9% cultivated, 54.0% arable, 16% forest, 14% agricultural, 10% other

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, 21.9 billion forints; 3.9% of total budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,628,000; 1,280,000 fit for military service; about 53,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 2,589,000; 2,076,000 fit for military service; about 74,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

7.798 Hong Kong dollars=US$l (February 1984)

50.721 forints=US$l (October 1984)

National holiday

Liberation Day, 4 April

Nationality

noun — Hungarian(s); adjective— Hungarian

Official name

Hungarian People's Republic

Pipelines

crude oil, 850 km; refined products, 1,050 km; natural gas, 3,800 km

Political subdivisions

19 megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county status

Population

10,645,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate —0.2%

Ports

1 major (Hong Kong)

Railroads

35 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, government owned

8,039 km total; 7,790 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 214 km narrow gauge (mostly 0.760-meter), 35 km 1.524-meter broad gauge, 1,174 km double track, 1,488 km electrified; government owned (1981)

Religion

67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other

River ports

2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR; Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland; and Galati and Braila in Romania (1978) Defense Forces

Shortages

industrial raw materials

metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services; 62 telephone exchanges, 1.5 million telephones; 5 AM and 9 FM radiobroadcast stations with 1 1 transmitters; 5 TV stations; 2.5 million radio and 1.1 million TV receivers; 10,100 Telex subscriber lines with.direct connections to 47 countries; 2 INTELSAT ground stations with access to Pacific and Indian Ocean satellites; coaxial cable to Guangzhou (Canton), China; 3 international submarine cables; troposcatter to Taiwan available but inactive Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of United Kingdom

Type

Communist state

Voting strength

(1980 election) 7,809,000 (99.3%) for Communist-approved candidates; 97% of electorate eligible to vote did so