1981 Edition

Area

92,981 kmz; 60% arable, 14% other agricultural, 16% forested, 10% other

102,952 km2; arable negligible, 22% meadows and pastures, forested negligible, 78% other

Coastline

4,988 km

Freight carried

rail — 135.2 million metric tons, 24.6 billion metric ton/km (1980); highway— 237.8 million metric tons, 6.2 billion metric ton/km (1980); waterway — est. 4.1 million metric tons, 6.8 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic)

Highways

29,759 km total; 25,000 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 4,101 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 658 km earth (1980)

Inland waterways

1,688 km (1980)

Land boundaries

2,245 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

4 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)

Military budget

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, 18 billion forints; 3.7% of total budget , Jan Msyen "ssi" Norwegian St"1' JCEIAND Sea |ft. ReykjawliV,^ NORWAY1' Atlantic Ocean

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,594,000; 2,085,000 fit for military service; about 67,000 reach military age (18) annually

Pipelines

crude oil, 1,500 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas, 2,896 km

River ports

2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR; Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland; and Galati and Braila in Romania (1978) DEFENSE FORCES

Ethnic divisions

92.4% Magyar, 3.3% Gypsy, 2.5% German, 0.7% Jews, 1.1% other

homogeneous white population

Labor force

5,230,000 (1979); 20% agriculture, 33% industry and building, 47% other nonagriculture

102,000; 9.0% agriculture; 5.4% fishing; 8.0% fish processing; 16.8% other manufacturing; 12.2% construction; 18.6% commerce, finance, and services; 6.3% transportation and communications; 23.7% other; unemployment 1979 est., 0.4%

Language

98.2% Magyar, 1.8% other

Icelandic

Literacy

97%

99%

Nationality

noun — Hungarian(s); adjective — Hungarian

noun — Icelander(s); adjective — Icelandic

Organized labor

60% of labor force

Population

10,714,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.0%

233,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.0%

Religion

67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.6% atheist and other

95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation

Branches

executive — Presidential Council (elected by parliament); legislative — parliament (elected by direct suffrage); judicial — Supreme Court (elected by parliament)

legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts

Capital

Budapest

Reykjavik

Communists

about 754,000 party members (March 1975)

est. 2,200, many of whom participate in the People's Alliance, which drew 24,390 votes in the 1979 parliamentary elections

Elections

every five years (last election June 1980); national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers' Party (MSZMP; sole party); Janos Kadar is First Secretary of Central Committee Voting strength (1980 election): 7,809,000 (99.3%) for Communist-approved candidates; 97% of electorate eligible to vote did so

parliamentary every four years, last 2-3 December 1979; presidential every four years Political parties and leaders: Independence (conservative), Geir Hallgrlmsson; Progressive, Steingnmur Hermannsson; Social Democratic, Kjartan Johannsson; People's Alliance (Communist front), Svavar Gestsson Voting strength (1979 election): 37.9% Independence, 24.9% Progressive, 19.7% People's Alliance, 17.4% Social Democratic, 1.2% other

Government leaders

Pal LOSONCZI, President, Presidential Council; Gyorgy LAZAR, Chairman, Council of Ministers

President Vigdls FINNBOGADOTTIR, Prime Minister Gunnar THORODDSEN; government coalition

Legal system

based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Supreme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and two other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Member of

CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO; has applied for membership in IMF and the World Bank

Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fishing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG

National holiday

Anniversary of the Liberation, 4 April

Anniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June ICELAND (Continued)

Official name

Hungarian People's Republic

Republic of Iceland

Political subdivisions

19 megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county status, 97 jaras (districts)

23 rural districts, 215 parishes, 14 incorporated towns

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal, over age 20; not compulsory

Type

Communist state

republic

Agriculture

normally self-sufficient; main crops — corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes; caloric intake 3,185 calories per day per capita (1977)

cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, potatoes, turnips; food shortages — grains, sugar, vegetable and other fibers; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1964-66)

Aid

economic authorizations including Ex-Im from US, $19.1 million (FY70-80)

Budget

(1979) expenditures $674 million, revenues $699 million

Crude steel

3.9 million metric tons produced (1979), 360 kg per capita

Electric power

6,103,000 kW capacity (1981); 26.180 billion kWh produced (1981), 2,437 kWh per capita

670,000 kW capacity (1980); 3.143 billion kWh produced (1980), 13,720 kWh per capita

Exports

$11,117 million (f.o.b., 1979); 28% machinery, 16% industrial consumer goods, 31% raw materials and semimanufactures, 21% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 4% (distribution for 1979)

$932.7 million (f.o.b., 1980); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite

Fiscal year

same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years

calendar year

Fishing

landed 1,640,951 metric tons; marine product exports $589.3 million (1979)

GNP

$52.8 billion in 1980 (at 1980 dollars), $4,931 per capita; 1980 growth rate, 0.3%

$2,760 million (1980), $12,213 per capita; 63.2% consumption, 27.0% investment, 12.0% government, 0.6% change in stocks; —0.5% net foreign demand (1979); 1980 growth rate 2.8%, constant prices

Imports

$11,919 million (c.i.f., 1979); 22% machinery, 8% industrial consumer goods, 47% raw materials and semimanufactures, 8% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 15% (distribution for 1979)

$1 billion (c.i.f., 1980); machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles

Major industries

mining, metallurgy, engineering industries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals)

fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production, hydroelectricity

Major trade partners

$23,036 million (1979); 68% with Communist countries, 32% with non-Communist countries

(1979) exports— EC 39%, US 28%, USSR 4%; imports— EC 46%, USSR 11%, US 7%

Monetary conversion rate

32.05 forints=US$l (commercial); 22.57 forints=US$l (noncommercial) — July 1980

4.7977 kronur=US$l (1980)

Shortages

metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil

grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers

Airfields

119 total, 100 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air

14 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased out

Highways

12,343 km total; 166 km bitumen and concrete; 1,284 km bituminous treated and gravel; 10,893 km earth

Military manpower

males 15-49, 60,000; 52,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service)

Ports

4 major (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur), and about 50 minor

Railroads

7,864 km total; 7,615 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 214 km narrow gauge (mostly 0.760 m), 35 km broad gauge (1.524 m), 1,179 km double track, 1,613 km electrified; government owned (1978)

none

Telecommunications

adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication system; 103,800 telephones (45.9 per 100 popl.); 17 AM, 19 FM, and 96 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean antenna DEFENSE FORCES