1986 Edition

Agriculture

major cash crops — Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Bioko, cocoa; main food products — rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, livestock

cash crops — coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, citrus fruits, pineapples; staple food crops — cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas

largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas; self-sufficient in rice

mainly a pastoral country, raising livestock; crops — bananas, sugarcane, cotton, cereals

Aid

economic commitments from Western (non-US) countries, ODA (1979), $13.3 million

Airfields

3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

24 total, 22 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

63 total, 49 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 19 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

200km CONAKRY* North Atlantic Ocean Land 245,957 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon; 10% forest, 15% under cultivation; 60-70% unused

963 km2 (Sao Tome, 855 km2 and Principe, 109 km2; including small islets of Pedras Tinhosas); slightly larger than New York City Water

About 29,785 km2; slightly larger than Maryland Water

Branches

constitution provides for president with broad powers, prime minister, unicameral legislature (Chamber of Representatives of the People), and free judiciary

Army, Navy, and possibly Air Force

coup on 3 April 1984 established the 25-member (currently 20 members) Military Committee for National Redressment to determine government policy; the highest ranking CMRN member became President, with other CMRN assuming most Cabinet portfolios; precoup unicameral legislature has been abolished

President heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers; unicameral legislature (elected National Popular Assembly)

executive authority in Governor General; unicameral legislature (38-member National Parliament)

President dominates political system; Cabinet carries out day-to-day government functions; unicamera! legislature (National People's Assembly) exists but has little power

Somali National Army (including Navy, Air Force, and Air Defense Force), National Police Force

Budget

(1976) receipts, $2.8 million

(1979) million revenues, $22.45 million; expenditures, $37.3 million

(1983 est. in percent of GDP) revenues and grants, 13.9%; current expenditures, 7.2%; investment expenditures, 10%

Capital

Malabo

Conakry

Sao Tome

Honiara on the island of Guadalcanal

Mogadishu

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

5 major transport aircraft

Coastline

346 km People

estimated 209 km People

about 5,313 km People

3,025 km People

Communists

no significant number of Communists but some sympathizers

no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers

no Communist party, probably a few sympathizers

probably some Communist sympathizers in the government hierarchy

Elections

parliamentary elections held October 1983 Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended; before coup of 3 August 1979, National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) was the sole legal party

none scheduled but CMRN has promised to create a true and viable democracy Political parties and leaders: following 3 April 1984 coup all political activity banned and only party, Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), dissolved

da Costa reelected by Popular Assembly May 1980 and September 1985; Assembly elections in September 1985 Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Manuel Pinto da Costa

every four years; last held October 1984 Political parties and leaders: United Party, Sir Peter Kenilorea; People's Alliance Party, Solomon Mamaloni, National Democratic Party, Bartholemew Ulufa'alu

parliamentary elections held 31 December 1984

Electric power

(including Rio Muni and Fernando Po) 10,000 kW capacity (1985); 17 million kWh produced (1985), 50 kWh per capita

100,600 kW capacity (1985); 220 million kWh produced (1985), 38 kWh per capita

15,000 kW capacity (1985); 30 million kWh produced (1985), 1 10 kWh per capita

63,600 kW capacity (1985); 83 million kWh produced (1985), 10 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

Fulani, Malinke, Sousou, 15 smaller tribes

mestico, angolares (descendents of Angolan slaves), forros (descendents of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), and Europeans (primarily Portuguese)

93.0% Melanesian, 4.0% Polynesian, 1.5% Micronesian, 0.8% European, 0.3% Chinese, 0.4% other

85% Somali, rest mainly Bantu; 30,000 Arabs, 3,000 Europeans, 800 Asians

Exports

$16.9 million (1982 est.); cocoa, coffee, wood

$537 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); bauxite, alumina, diamonds, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels

$93.7 million (1984); copra, timber, fish

$107 million (f.o.b., 1985 est); livestock, hides, skins, bananas

External debt

$1.5 billion (1985 est.); external debt service 48% of exports of goods and services

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

GDP

$1.546 billion (1984), $300 per capita; real growth rate 1.3% (1984 est.)

$131 million (1982), $520 per capita

$1.875 million (1982 est), $380 per capita Somalia (continued) South Africa

GNP

$75 million (1983); $420 per capita; economy destroyed during regime of former President Masie Nguema

Government leader

Col. Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, President (since August 1979)

Dr. Manuel Pinto DA COSTA, President (since 1975)

Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre, President and Commander in Chief of the Army (since October 1969) Political party and leader: the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP), created on 1 July 1976, is the sole legal party; Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre is general secretary of the SRSP

Government leaders

Gen. Lansana CONTE, Head of Government (since April 1984)

Sir Baddeley DEVESI, Governor General (since July 1978); Sir Peter KENILOREA, Prime Minister (since November 1984)

Highways

Rio Muni — 2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Bioko — 300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth

834 km total; 241 km sealed or all-weather

17,215 km total; 2,335 km bituminous surface, 2,880 km gravel, and 12,000 km improved earth or stabilized soil

Imports

$41.5 million (1982 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles

$403 million (f.o.b., 1984 est.); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles

$79.2 million (c.i.f., 1984)

$561 million (c.i.f., 1985 est.); textiles, cereals, transport equipment, machinery, construction materials and equipment, petroleum products; also military materiel in 1977

Infant mortality rate

165.3/1,000(1980)

63/1,000(1983)

46/1,000(1980)

150/1,000(1984)

Inland waterways

no significant waterways

none

Labor force

2.4 million (1983); 82.0% agriculture, 1 1.0% industry and commerce, 5.4% services, 1.6% government

(1981) 21,096; most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; some unemployment; labor shortages on plantations and for skilled work Government

20,631 economically active (1980); 30.0% forestry and fishing 28.2% social services, 10.8% manufacturing, 9.6% commerce, 7.7% construction, 7.1% transportation and communications Government

about 2.2 million; very few are skilled laborers; 70% pastoral nomad, 30% agriculturists, government employees, traders, fishermen, handicraftsmen, other

Land boundaries

3,476 km Water

2,263 km Water

Language

French (official); each tribe has its own language

Portuguese (official)

English (official), local languages

Somali (official); Arabic, Italian, English

Legal system

in transition; constitution approved 15 August 1982 by popular referendum; in part based on Spanish civil law and custom

based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; 1958 constitution suspended after military coup on 3 April 1984; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on Portuguese law system and customary law; constitution adopted December 1975; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

a High Court plus Magistrates Courts; also a system of native courts throughout the islands

Life expectancy

45

54

43.9

Limits of territorial waters

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone); maritime limits measured from claimed "archipelagic baselines," which generally connect the outermost points of outer islands or drying reefs

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

200 nm

Literacy

20% in French; 48% in local languages

est. 50%

60%

60%

Major industries

fishing, sawmilling

bauxite mining, alumina, diamond mining, light manufacturing and processing industries

a few small industries, including sugar refining, tuna, beef canning, textiles, iron rod plant, and petroleum refining

Major trade partner

Spain

Major trade partners

imports — France, USSR, US; exports— US, USSR, France,

exports — Japan 37%, UK 11%, Australia 3%; imports— Australia 31%, Singapore 16%, Japan 15%, UK 9% (1981)

exports — Saudi Arabia 65.8%, Italy 14.1% (1983); importsItaly 28.1%, Saudi Arabia 15.5%, US 12% (1983)

Member of

Af DB, Conference of East and Central African States, EGA, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Economy

AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, Mano River Union, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OATUU, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

Af DB, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, 1FAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, SPF, UN, UPU, WHO Economy

Af DB, Arab League, EAMA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1981, $6.2 million; 21% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 79,000; 39,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 1,528,000; 825,000 fit for military service; no conscription C«pe Town Srr regional map VII London Elizabeth

Monetary conversion rate

ekuele replaced by Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) franc in 1985; 475 CFA francs=US$l (1985)

1. 44 Australian dollars=US$l (6 February 1986) Communications

official rate — 40.6 Somali shillings=US$l; legal free market—100 Somali shillings=US$l (October 1985)

National holiday

12 October

Independence Day, 2 October; Anniversary of Committee for National Redressment, 3 April

21 October

National holidays

Martyr's Day, 4 February; Independence Day, 12 July; Armed Forces Day, first week in September (varies); Farmer's Day, 30 September

Nationality

noun — Guinean(s); adjective — Guinean

noun — Sao Tomean(s); adjective— Sao Tomean

noun — Solomon Islanders); adjective — Solomon Islander

noun — Somali(s); adjective — Somali

Natural resources

timber, petroleum minerals, agriculture

bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydroelectric power, fish

forests, agricultural land, marine shell, some minerals, water Somalia

uranium, iron, tin, gypsum, bauxite

Official name

Republic of Guinea

Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

Solomon Islands

Somali Democratic Republic

Organized labor

virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers Government

General Federation of Somali Trade Unions, a government-controlled organization, established in 1977 Government

Pipelines

15 km crude oil

Political subdivisions

6 provinces with appointed governors

33 provinces, divided into 36 prefectures

seven counties

4 administrative districts

18 regions, 60 districts

Population

5,734,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.4%

108,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.0%

283,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.5%

7,825,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 3.0%

Ports

1 major (Malabo), 3 minor

5 minor (including Honiara, Gizo, Yandina)

3 major (Mogadishu, Berbera, Chisimayu)

Railroad

none

Railroads

none

none

Religion

75% Muslim, 24% indigenous beliefs, 1% Christian

Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist

almost all at least nominally Christian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant

almost entirely Sunni Muslim

Suffrage

universal for adults

universal over age 18

universal for age 18 and over

universal adult at age 21

Telecommunications

poor system with adequate government services; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; 2,000 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, no FM stations, 1 TV station Defense Forces

2,000 telephones; 4 AM, no FM, no TV stations; no TV sets; one ground satellite station 300km Gulf of Aden Bakfoa / Indian Ocean MOGADISHU ' Chitimayu Land 637,657 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; 32% grazing; 14% scrub and forest; 13% arable (0.3% cultivated); 41% mainly desert, urban, or other

poor telephone and telegraph service; radio-relay system centered on Mogadishu connects a few towns; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 2 AM, no FM stations; 1 TV station Defense Forces

Type

republic

republic

republic

independent parliamentary state within Commonwealth

republic