1983 Edition

Agriculture

major cash crops — Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Bioko, cocoa; main food products— rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Equatorial Guinea (continued) Ethiopia

main crop — coffee; also grain

Airfields

3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

186 total, 159 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 9 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

AND PRINCIP£0 Land 28,051 km2; Rio Muni, about 25,900 km2, largely forest; Bioko (formerly known as Fernando Po), about 2,072 km2

LIBERIA 1*>l'dlan Land 323,500 km2; 52% grazing, fallow, and waste; 40% forest and wood; 8% cultivated; 322 km of lagoons and connecting canals extend eastwest along eastern part of the coast

Branches

constitution provides for president with broad powers, prime minister, unicameral legislature (Chamber of Representatives of the People) and free judiciary

Army, Navy

executive power exercised by the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), dominated by its chairman and small circle of associates; predominantly civilian Cabinet holds office at sufferance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either

Ground Forces Command, Air Force Command, Navy Command

Budget

(1976) receipts $2.8 million

revenues and cash grants $922 million, current expenditures $926 million, development expenditures $349 million (1982/83)

Capital

Malabo

Addis Ababa

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

18 major transport aircraft

Coastline

296 km People

1,094 km (includes offshore islands) People

515 km People

Communists

no significant number of Communists but some sympathizers

government is officially Marxist-Leninist and is officially committed to organize a Communist party, but progress is slow

Elections

parliamentary elections held October 1983 Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended; before coup of 3 August 1979, National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) was the sole legal party

urban dwellers' association officials elected June 1981 Political parties and leaders: single political organization, Commission for the Organization of the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia, was established in December 1979 to study the formation of a Marxist-Leninist party; official party is expected to be formally announced in September 1984 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Electric power

1 1,000 kW capacity (1983); 30 million kWh produced (1983), 1 10 kWh per capita

360,000 kW capacity (1983); 800 million kWh produced (1983), 25 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

indigenous population of Bioko, primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos; of Rio Muni, primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish

40% Galla, 32% Amhara and Tigrai, 9% Sidamo, 6% Shankella, 6% Somali, 4% Afar, 2% Gurage, 1% other

7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approximately 2 million foreign Africans, mostly Upper Voltans; about 70,000 to 75,000 non-Africans (40,000 French and 25,000 to 30,000 Lebanese)

Exports

$13.3 million (1980 est); cocoa, coffee, and wood

$427 million (f.o.b., 1982/83 est.); 56% coffee, 13% hides and skins

External debt

$1.0 billion, 1981/82; debt service payment 11.7% of exports of goods and nonfactor services (1981/82)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

8 July-7 July Communications

GDP

$4.8 billion (1982/83 est.), $141 per capita (1983); real growth rate 4.8% (1982/83)

GNP

$100 million (1980); $417 per capita (Note: economy destroyed by former President Masie Nguema)

Government leader

Col. Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, President

Lt. Col. MENGISTU Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council

Highways

Rio Muni — 2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Bioko — 300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth

44,300 km total; 3,888 km bituminous, 8,344 km gravel, 2,456 km improved earth, 29,612 km unimproved earth

Imports

$37. 1 million (1980 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles

$715 million (f.o.b., 1982/83)

Inland waterways

no significant waterways

Labor force

most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture; labor shortages on plantations Government

90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi-government

Land boundaries

539 km Water

5,198 km Water

3,227 km Water

Language

Spanish (official); pidgin English, Fang

Amharic (official); Tigrinya, Orominga, Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools) "Literacy: about 15%

French (official), over 60 native dialects; Dioula most widely spoken

Legal system

in transition; constitution approved 15 August 1982 by popular referendum; in part based on Spanish civil law and custom

complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution suspended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm

1 2 nm ; for sedentary fisheries, territorial sea extends to limit of fisheries

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; exclusive economic zone 200 nm)

Literacy

20%

Major industries

fishing, sawmilling

cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery

Major trade partner

Spain

Major trade partners

imports — USSR, Japan, Italy, FRG, UK, and US; exports— US, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, FRG, and France

Member of

Af DB, Conference of East and Central African States, EGA, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO Economy

AfDB, EGA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICO, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $6.2 million; 21% of central government budget Land 1 ,178,450 km2; 55% meadow and natural pasture; 10% crop and orchard; 6% forest and wood; 29% wasteland, urban, or other

for fiscal year ending 7 July 1980, $362.8 million; 31.8% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 62,000; 31,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 7,256,000; 3,898,000 fit for military service; 370,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

312.6 ekueles=US$l (February 1984)

2.07 Ethiopian birr=US$l (30 November 1983)

National holiday

12 October

Popular Revolution Commemoration Day, 12 September

Nationality

noun — Equatorial Guinean(s); adjective — Equatorial Cuinean

noun — Ethiopians); adjective — Ethiopian

noun — Ivorian(s); adjective — Ivorian

Official name

Republic of Equatorial

Socialist Ethiopia

Organized labor

All Ethiopian Trade Union formed by the government in January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members Government

Other political or pressure groups

important dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), and Eritrean Liberation Front/Popular Liberation Forces in Eritrea; Tigrean Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) in Tigre Province; Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) in the Ogaden Region

Political subdivisions

3 regions; 7 provinces with appointed governors

14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations)

Population

275,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.5%

31,998,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.3%

9,178,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 3.2%

Ports

1 major (Malabo), 3 minor

2 major (Aseb, Mits'iwa)

Railroads

none

1,089 km total; 782 km 1.000meter gauge, of which 97 km are in Djibouti; 307 km 0.950-meter gauge

Religion

natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained

40-45% Muslim, 35-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 15-20% animist, 5% other

63% indigenous, 25% Muslim, 12% Christian

Suffrage

universal for adults

universal over age 21

Telecommunications

poor system with adequate government services; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; 2,000 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 AM and no FM stations; 1 TV station Defense Forces

88,000 telephones in use (1980) Defense Forces

Type

republic

under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared