1984 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton, raisins; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages — livestock products

Airfields

28 total, 25 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

132,608 km2; 40% meadow and pasture; 29% arable and permanent crop; 20% forest; 11% waste, urban, and other

$934 million (1982)

Branches

executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (Parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; unicameral legislature consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

(1983 prelim.) total revenue $2.3 billion; operating budget $1.3 billion; capital budget $1.2 billion

Capital

Athens

Civil air

16 major transport aircraft

Coastline

13,676 km People

7,200 km People

Communists

an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers

Crude steel

1 .3 million metric tons produced (1983 est), 132 kg per capita

Elections

every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of George Rallis in elections held on 18 October Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy, Evangelos AveroffTossizza; Communist Party-Exterior, Kharilaos Florakis; Progressive Party, Spyros Markezinis; Communist Party-Interior, Kharalambos Drakopoulos; United Democratic Left, Ilias Iliou; Nationalist Camp, Stefanos Stefanopoulos; Party of Democratic Socialism, loannis Pesmazoglou

Electric power

9,169,300 kW capacity (1983); 24.54 billion kWh produced (1983), 2,480 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

97.7% Greek, 1.3% Turkish; 1,0% Vlach, Slav, Albanian

85% Turkish, 12% Kurd, 3% other

Exports

$4. 14 billion (f.o.b., 1982); principal items — tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles Greece (continued) Greenland

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$38.6 billion (1982), $3,959 per capita; 64% consumption, 13% investment, 23% government; 5% change in stocks; net foreign balance -5%; real growth rate -0.0% (1982)

Government leaders

Constantine KARAMANLIS, President; Dr. Andreas PAPANDREOU, Prime Minister

Highways

17,762 km total; 9,970 km bituminous; 1,421 km improved earth; 6,371 km unimproved earth

Imports

$10.07 billion (c.i.f., 1982); principal items — machinery and automotive equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, manufactured consumer goods, chemicals, meat and live animals

Labor force

3.7 million (1981 census); approximately 39% services, 31% agriculture, 30% industry; urban unemployment is estimated at 10%; substantial unreported unemployment exists in agriculture

18.1 million (1983); 61% agriculture, 27% service, 12% industry and commerce; surplus of unskilled labor (1982)

Land boundaries

1,191 km Water

2,574 km Water

Language

Greek (official); English and French widely understood

Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic

Legal system

new constitution enacted in June 1975

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

6 nm

6 nm, except in Black Sea, where it is 12 nm (fishing 12 nm)

Literacy

95%

70%

Major industries

food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products

Major trade partners

(1982 est.) imports — 17% FRG, 10.9% Saudi Arabia, 9.2% Italy, 8.1% Jap~an, 7.0% France; exports — 19.0% FRG, 8.8% Italy, 8.7% US, 7.0% France, 6.4%

Member of

EC, El B (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $247 million; 9% of central government budget Land 766,640 km2; 35% crop, 25% meadow and pasture, 23% forest, 17% other

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,728,000; 965,000 fit for military service; about 81,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

0.70 Tunisian dinar (TD)=US$1 (30 October 1983)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 March

Nationality

noun — Greek(s); adjective — Greek

noun — Turk(s); adjective — Turkish

Official name

Hellenic Republic

Organized labor

10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force Government

10-15% of labor force

Pipelines

797 km crude oil; 10 km refined products; 372 km natural gas

Political subdivisions

51 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence that prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece

Population

9,984,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 0.9%

50,207,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 2.1%

Ports

5 major, 14 minor; 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants terminal

Railroads

2,089 km total; 503 1.435-meter km standard gauge, 1,586 km 1.000-meter gauge

Religion

98% Greek Orthodox, 1.3% Muslim, 0.7% other

98% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 2% other (mostly Christian and Jewish)

Suffrage

universal age 18 and over

Telecommunications

the system is above the African average; facilities consist of open-wire lines, multiconductor cable, and radio relay; key centers are Safaqis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 188,500 telephones (3.0 per 100 popl.); 18 AM, 4 FM, and 14 TV stations; 3 submarine cables Defense Forces

Type

presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974

Voting strength

Parliament — Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 166 seats; New Democracy, 110 seats; Communists (Exterior), 12 seats; Party of Democratic Socialism (KODISO), 1 seat; United Democratic Left (EDA), 1 seat; Agrarian Party, 1 seat; independents, 1 seat