1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
132,608 km²; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other
Coastline
13,676 km
Land boundaries
1,191 km WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
6 nm
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
98.8% Greek, 0.2% Turkish, 1.0% other
Labor force
3.3 million (1979 est.); approximately 31% agriculture, 30% industry, 39% services; urban unemployment is under 3%, but substantial unreported unemployment exists in agriculture
Language
Greek; English and French widely understood
Literacy
males about 94%; females about 79%; total about 86%
Nationality
noun—Greek(s); adjective—Greek
Organized labor
10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force
Population
9,743,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.7%
Religion
99% Greek Orthodox, 0.3% Muslim, 0.7% other
Government
Aid
economic commitments—US, $436 million (FY70-80); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $869 million (1970-79); military—US, $1,357 million (FY70-80)
Branches
executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; legislative consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary
Budget
(1980 est.) central government revenues $8.03 billion, expenditures $10.10 billion, $2.07 million deficit
Capital
Athens
Communists
an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers
Crude steel
936,000 million metric tons produced (1978), 100 kg per capita
Elections
every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of George Rallis in elections held on 18 October 1981 Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy, Evangelos Averoff-Tossizza; Communist Party-Exterior, Kharilaos Florakis; Progressive Party, Spyros Markezinis; Communist Party-Interior, Kharalambos Drakopoulos; United Democratic Left, Ilias Iliou; Nationalist Camp, Stefanos Stefanopoulos; Party of Democratic Socialism, Ioannis Pesmatzoglou
Electric power
5,700,000 kW capacity (1981); 29.0 billion kWh produced (1981), 2,900 kWh per capita
Exports
4,078 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items—tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles Imports: $10,769 million (c.i.f., 1980); principal items—machinery and automotive equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, manufactured consumer goods, chemicals, meat and live animals
Fiscal year
calendar year
GNP
$41.8 billion (1980), $4,370 per capita; 62% consumption, 24% investment, 16% government; 4% change in stocks; net foreign balance 6%; real growth rate 1.6% (1980) Agriculture: main crops — wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages—livestock products
Government leaders
President Constantine KARAMANLIS; Prime Minister Andreas PAPANDREOU
Legal system
new constitution enacted in June 1975
Major industries
food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products
Major trade partners
(1980 est.) imports—15.2% West Germany, 9.3% Italy, 6.1% France, 8.8% Saudi Arabia, 5.9% Egypt; exports—7.9% West Germany, 9.7% Italy, 5.7% Netherlands, 7.4% France, 5.6% US, 5.5% Saudi Arabia, 4.1% UK
Member of
EC, EIB (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO
Monetary conversion rate
US$1=42.6 Greek drachmas (1980 average)
National holiday
Independence Day, 25 March
Official name
Hellenic Republic
Political subdivisions
52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece
Suffrage
universal age 18 and over
Type
presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
Voting strength
Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 170 seats; New Democracy, 112 seats; Communists (Exterior), 13 seats; independents, 5 seats
Communications
Airfields
74 total, 70 unable; 52 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439
Civil air
43 major transport aircraft
Highways
38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways
system consists of three coastal canals and three unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 80 km
Pipelines
crude oil, 26 km, refined products, 547 km
Ports
17 major, 37 minor
Railroads
2,476 km total; 1,565 km standard gauge (1.435 m) of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km meter gauge (1.000 m), 22 km narrow gauge (0.750 m); all government owned
Telecommunications
adequate, modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 2.66 million telephones (28.1 per 100 popl); 31 AM, 37 FM, and 149 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 1 Atlantic Ocean antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna
Military and Security
Military budget
proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $1.7 billion; about 18% of central government budget
Military manpower
males 15-49, 2,298,000; 1,851,000 fit for military service; about 75,000 reach military age (21) annually