1981 Edition

Area

U8Y, CSee reference map V)

132,608 km2; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other

2,175,600 km2; less than 1% arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 84% permanent ice and snow, 15% other

Coastline

13,676 km

approx. 44,087 km, (includes minor islands)

Land boundaries

1,191 km

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

6 nm

3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Ethnic divisions

98.8% Greek, 0.2% Turkish, 1.0% other

86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), 14% Danes

Labor force

3.3 million (1979 est); approximately 31% agriculture, 30% industry, 39% services; urban unemployment is under 3%, but substantial unreported unemployment exists in agriculture

12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding

Language

Greek; English and French widely understood

Danish, Eskimo dialects

Literacy

males about 94%; females about 79%; total about 86%

99%

Nationality

noun — Greek(s); adjective — Greek

noun — Greenlander(s); adjective — Greenlandic

Organized labor

10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force

Population

9,743,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.7%

51,000 (July 1982) - „., annual growth rate 0.6%

Religion

99% Greek Orthodox, 0.3% Muslim, 0.7% other

Evangelical Lutheran

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages — livestock products

Aid

economic commitments — US, $436 million (FY70-80); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $869 million (1970-79); military— US, $1,357 million (FY70-80)

Branches

executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; legislative consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary

legislative authority, rests jointly with the elected 21 -seat Landsting and Danish parliament; executive power vested in Premier and four-person council; 19 lower courts

Budget

(1980 est.) central government revenues $8.03 billion, expenditures $10.10 billion, $2.07 million deficit

Capital

Athens

Godthab (administrative center)

Communists

an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers

Crude steel

936,000 million metric tons produced (1978), 100 kg per capita

Elections

every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of George Rail is in elections held on 18 October 1981 Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy, Evangelos Averoff-Tossizza; Communist Party-Exterior, Kharilaos Florakis; Progressive Party, Spyros Markezinis; Communist Party-Interior, Kharalambos Drakopoulos; United Democratic Left, Ilias Iliou; Nationalist Camp, Stefanos Stefanopoulos; Party of Democratic Socialism, loannis Pesmatzoglou

Electric power

5,700,000 kW capacity (1981); 29.0 billion kWh produced (1981), 2,900 kWh per capita

Exports

4,078 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items — tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles GREENLAND GREECE (Continued)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GNP

$41.8 billion (1980), $4,370 per capita; 62% consumption, 24% investment, 16% government; 4% change in stocks; net foreign balance 6%; real growth rate 1.6% (1980)

Government leaders

President Constantine KARAMANLIS; Prime Minister Andreas PAPANDREOU

Queen MARGRETHE II, Premier Jonathan MOTZFELDT

Imports

$10,769 million (c.i.f., 1980); principal itemsmachinery and automotive equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, manufactured consumer goods, chemicals, meat and live animals

Legal system

new constitution enacted in June 1975

Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953; limited home rule began in spring 1979

Major industries

food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products

Major trade partners

(1980 est.) imports— 15.2% West Germany, 9.3% Italy, 6.1% France, 8.8% Saudi Arabia, 5.9% Egypt; exports — 7.9% West Germany, 9.7% Italy, 5.7% Netherlands, 7.4% France, 5.6% US, 5.5% Saudi Arabia, 4.1% UK

Member of

EC, EIB (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

Monetary conversion rate

US$1 =42.6 Greek drachmas (1980 average)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 March

Official name

Hellenic Republic

Greenland

Political subdivisions

52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece

3 counties, 19 communes

Suffrage

universal age 18 and over

Type

presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974

province of Kingdom of Denmark; two representatives in Danish parliament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish Cabinet

Voting strength

Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 170 seats; New Democracy, 1 12 seats; Communists (Exterior), 13 seats; independents, 5 seats

Airfields

74 total, 70 unable; 52 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439

Civil air

43 major transport aircraft

Highways

38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways

system consists of three coastal canals and three unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 80 km

Military budget

proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $1.7 billion; about 18% of central government budget : %^T

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,298,000; 1,851,000 fit for military service; about 75,000 reach military age (21) annually

Pipelines

crude oil, 26 km, refined products, 547 km

Ports

17 major, 37 minor

Railroads

2,476 km total; 1,565 km standard gauge (1.435 m) of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km meter gauge (1.000 m), 22 km narrow gauge (0.750 m); all government owned

Telecommunications

adequate, modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 2.66 million telephones (28.1 per 100 popl.); 31 AM, 37 FM, and 149 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 1 Atlantic Ocean antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna DEFENSE FORCES