1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton, raisins, fruit; nearly selfsufficient; food shortages — livestock products

main crops — grains, vegetables, fruits; virtually self-sufficient in good crop years

Aid

economic commitments — US, including Ex-Im, $525 million (1970-81); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $1.1 billion (1970-83); Communist countries (1970-84), $360 million; military— US, $2.6 billion (FY70-84); Communist countries (1970-84), $110 million

economic commitments — US authorizations, $1.9 billion, including Ex-Im (FY7084); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $545.0 million (1970-79); military authorizations— US (FY70-84), $2.0 billion

Airfields

1 usable with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m

81 total, 78 usable; 57 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 21 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

(including Balearic and Canary Islands) 1 18 total, 114 usable; 61 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 32 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

6.5 km2; smaller than Washington, D. C.

504,782 km2, including Canary (7,51 1 km2) and Balearic (5,025 km2) Islands; the size of Arizona and Utah combined; 41% arable and crop, 27% meadow and pasture, 22% forest, 10% urban or other

Branches

parliamentary system comprising the Gibraltar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown

Gibraltar Regiment Greece 150 Km \1 Sea & C<. PelopSi Aegean Sea *7ttf,~s cySimos Mediterranean Sea ^ — - — ^-~-i~n * Srr refionil map \ Land 131,944 km2; the size of New York; 40% meadow and pasture; 29% arable and permanent crop; 20% forest; 11% waste, urban, and other

executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (Parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; unicameral legislature consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary

Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force

executive, with King's acts subject to countersignature, Prime Minister (Presidente) and his ministers responsible to lower house; bicameral legislature — Cortes Generates, consisting of more powerful Congress of Deputies (350 members) and Senate (208 members), with possible addition of one to six members from each new autonomous region; judiciary, independent

Army, Navy, Air Force

Budget

(FY82) revenues, $89 million; expenditure, $84.2 million

(1984) central government revenues $9. 1 billion, expenditures $12.5 billion, $3.4 billion deficit

(1984 central government) revenues, $59 billion; expenditures, $70 billion; deficit, $11 billion

Capital

none

Athens

Madrid

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

39 major transport aircraft

142 major transport aircraft

Coastline

12 km People

13,676 km People

approx. 44,087 km (includes minor islands) People

4,964 km (includes Balearic Islands, 677 km, and Canary Islands, 1,158 km) People

Communists

negligible

an estimated 60,000 members and sympathizers

PCE membership has declined from a possible high of 160,000 in 1977 to roughly 60,000 today; the party lost 64% of its voters and 20 deputies in the 1982 election; remaining strength is in labor, where it dominates the Workers Commissions trade union (one of the country's two major labor centrals), which claims a membership of about 1 million; experienced a modest recovery in 1983 municipal election, receiving 8% of the vote

Crude steel

1.3 million metric tons produced (1984 est.), 132 kg per capita

13.5 million metric tons produced (1984), 348 kg per capita

Elections

every four years; last held in January 1984 Political parties and leaders: Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Party of British Gibraltar (DPBG), Peter Isola; Socialist Labor Party, Joe Bossano

every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of George Rallis in elections held on 18 October 1981; PASOK was reelected in June Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy (ND), Constantine Mitsotakis; Democratic Renewal (DR), Constantine Stefanopoulos; Communist Party-Exterior (KKE-Ext), Kharilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior (KKE-Int), Leonidas Kyrkos

parliamentary election 28 October 1982 for four-year term; local elections for municipal and provincal councils April 1983; regional elections staggered Political parties and leaders: principal national parties, from right to left — Popular Alliance (AP), Manuel Fraga Iribarne; Popular Democratic Party (PDF), Oscar Alzaga; Liberal Union (UL), Jose Antonio Segurado; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Adolfo Suarez; Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe Gonzalez Marquez; Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Gerardo Iglesias; chief regional parties — Convergence and Unity (CiU), Jordi Pujol, in Catalonia; Republican Left of Catalonia (ERG), Herribert Barrera; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Xabier Arzallus; Basque radical coalitions Popular Unity (HB) and Basque Left (EE) Juan Haria Bandres; Andalusian Party (PA), Luis Urufiuela; Democratic Reform Party (PRO), Antonio Garrigues Walker

Electric power

60,000 kW capacity (1985); 210 million kWh produced (1985), 7,000 kWh per capita

10,553,000 kW capacity (1985); 26.572 billion kWh produced (1985), 2,680 kWh per capita Greece (continued) Greenland

38,490,000 kW capacity (1985); 122.644 billion kWh produced (1985), 3,160 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, and Spanish descent

97. 7% Greek, 1.3% Turkish; 1.0% Vlach, Slav, Albanian, Pomach

86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), 14% Danish

composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

Exports

$47.8 million (1983); principally reexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine

$4.40 billion (f .o.b., 1984); principal items — tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles

$23.6 billion (f.o.b., 1984); principal items — iron and steel products, machinery, automobiles, fruits and vegetables, textiles, footwear

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch, 1,123,100 metric tons (1984)

GNP

$33.5 billion (1984), $3,380 per capita; real growth rate 2.89% (1984)

$160.4 billion (1984); 68% private consumption, 12% government consumption, 18% gross fixed capital investment; 3% change in stocks; 3% net exports; real growth rate 2.2% (1984)

Government leaders

Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter TERRY, Governor and Commander in Chief (since 1985); Sir Joshua A. HASSAN, Chief Minister (1964-69 and since 1972)

Dr. Andreas PAPANDREOU, Prime Minister (since 1981); Christos SARTZETAKIS, President (since 1985)

JUAN CARLOS I, King (since November 1975); Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez, Prime Minister (Presidente; since December 1982)

Highways

50 km, mostly good bitumen and concrete

38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earth

150,306 km total; 82,070 km national 2,433 km limited-access divided highway, 63,042 km bituminous treated, 17,038 km intermediate bituminous, concrete, or stone block; the remaining 68,326 km are provincial or local roads (bituminous treated, intermediate bituminous, or stone block)

Imports

$136.8 million (1983); principally manufactured goods, fuels, and foodstuffs; 65% from UK

$9.8 billion (c.i.f., 1984); principal items — machinery and automotive equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, manufactured consumer goods, chemicals, meat and live animals

$28.8 billion (c.i.f., 1984); principal items — fuels (40%), machinery, chemicals, iron and steel, vegetables, automobiles

Infant mortality rate

13.8/1,000(1984)

37/1,000 (1976-80)

10.3/1,000(1982)

Inland waterways

system consists of three coastal canals and three unconnected rivers, which provide navigable length of just under 80km

1,045 km; of minor importance as transport arteries and contribute little to economy

Labor force

approx. 14,800, including nonGibraltar laborers

3.7 million (1981 census); approximately 39% services, 31% agriculture, 30% industry; urban unemployment is estimated at 10%; substantial unreported unemployment exists in agriculture

21,378; largely engaged in fishing, hunting, and sheep breeding

13.3 million (1985); 44.3% services, 22.9% industry, 15.3% agriculture, 8.6% construction, 8.8% other; unemployment now estimated at nearly 21.9% of labor force (June 1985)

Land boundaries

1.6 km Water

1,191 km Water

1,899 km Water

Language

English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for official purposes

Greek (official); English and French widely understood

Danish, Eskimo dialects

Castilian Spanish; second languages include 17% Catalan, 7% Calician, and 2% Basque

Legal system

English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral inquiry

new constitution enacted in June 1975

civil law system, with regional applications; new constitution provides for rule of law, established jury system as well as independent constitutional court to rule on unconstitutionality of laws and to serve as court of last resort in protecting liberties and rights granted in constitution; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 72, women 75

men 59.7, women 67.3

men 73, women 78

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

3 nm

6 nm

3 nm fishing zone (200 nm)

12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone)

Literacy

illiteracy is negligible

95%

99%

97%

Major industries

food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products

textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles

Major trade partners

UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands

(1983 est.) imports — 16.7% FRG, 9.7% Italy, 7.6% Japan, 6.9% France, 6.8% Saudi Arabia; exports — 19.6% FRG, 13.5% Italy, 8.6% France, 8.3% US, 6.3% UK

(1984) 49% EC, 24% less developed countries, 12% other developed countries, 10% US, 4% Communist countries

Member of

EC, EIB (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Andean Pact (observer), ASSIMER, Council of Europe, EC, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $2.7 billion; 18.8% of central government budget Arctic Ocea SOQkm Ammaaaalik Denmark Strait Qaqort Land 2,175,600 km2; larger than contiguous US; 84% permanent ice and snow, less than 1% arable (of which only a fraction is cultivated), 16% other Water

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $3.5 billion; 10.2% of the central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,357,000; 1,906,000 fit for military service; about 77,000 reach military age (21) annually

males 15-49, 9,417,000; 7,652,000 fit for military service; 348,000 reach military age (20) annually

Monetary conversion rate

.833 Gibraltar pound=.833 pound sterling=US$l (December 1984) Communications

154.04 Greek drachmas=US$l (October 1985)

161.65 pesetas= US $1 (October 1985)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 March

24 June

Nationality

noun — Gibraltarian; adjective— Gibraltar

noun — Greek(s); adjective — Greek

noun — Greenlander(s); adjective— Greenlandic

noun — Spaniard(s); adjective — Spanish

Natural resources

bauxite, lignite, magnesite, oil

coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, hydroelectric power

NOTE

The Greek Government states that there are no ethnic minorities in Greece.

Official name

Gibraltar

Hellenic Republic

Spanish State

Organized labor

over 6,000 Government

10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force Government

labor unions legalized April 1977; represent no more than a quarter of the labor force (1983) Government

Other political or pressure groups

Housewives Association, Chamber of Commerce, Gibraltar Representatives Organization Economy Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year; UK military establishments and the civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force, and a recently announced decision to close the Royal Navy dockyard will significantly add to unemployment; local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of the local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance

on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to oppose the government; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977) include the Communist-dominated Workers Commissions (CCOO); the Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union (USO); the Catholic Church; business and landowning interests; Opus Dei; university students

Pipelines

crude oil, 26 km; refined products, 547 km

265 km crude oil; 1,862 km refined products; 1,130 km natural gas

Political subdivisions

51 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence that prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece

metropolitan Spain, including the Canaries and Balearics, divided into 50 provinces, which form 17 autonomous regions assuming numerous powers previously exercised by the central government; also five places of sovereignty (presidios) on the Mediterranean roast of Morocco; transferred administration of Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania on 26 February 1976

Population

30,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.8%

9,954,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 0.3%

54,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 1.1%

39,075,000 (July 1986), including the Balearic and Canary Islands and Ceuta and Melilla (two towns on the Moroccan coast); average annual growth rate 0.6%

Ports

1 major (Gibraltar)

2 major, 12 secondary, 37 minor

23 major, 175 minor

Railroads

1.000-meter gauge system in dockyard area only

2,479 km total; 1,565 km 1.435meter standard gauge, of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km 1.000-meter gauge; 22 km 0.750-meter narrow gauge; all government owned

16,295 km total; Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 13,556 km 1.668-meter gauge, 6,156 km electrified, and 2,295 km double track; FEVE (governmentowned narrow-gauge railways) operates 1,821 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge and 441 km electrified; privately owned railways operate 918 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge, 512 km electrified, and 56 km double track

Religion

75% Roman Catholic, 8% Church of England, 2.25% Jewish

98% Greek Orthodox, 1.3% Muslim, 0.7% other

Evangelical Lutheran

99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects

Suffrage

all adult Gibraltarians, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more

universal age 18 and over

universal at age 18

Telecommunications

adequate international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 9,400 telephones (31.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 6.FM, 4 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Defense is the responsibility of the United Kingdom •

adequate, modern networks reach all areas on mainland islands; 3.31 million telephones (33.5 per 100 popl.); 28 AM, 37 FM, and 292 TV stations; 6 submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Indian Ocean antenna Defense Forces

generally adequate, modern facilities; 13.8 million telephones (34.5 per 100 popl.); 180 AM, 391 FM, 1,378 TV stations; 21 coaxial submarine cables; 2 satellite stations with total of 5 antennas Defense Forces

Type

British dependent territory

presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974

parliamentary monarchy defined by new constitution of December 1978, that completed transition from authoritarian regime of the late Generalissimo Franco and confirmed Juan Carlos I as monarch, but without the exceptional powers inherited from Franco on being proclaimed King 22 November 1975

Voting strength

(January 1984) House of the Assembly— GCL/AACR, 8 seats; Socialist Labor, 7 seats

Parliament — Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 157 seats; New Democracy, 111 seats; Democratic Renewal, 10 seats; Communists (Exterior), 10 seats; Communists (Interior), 1 seat; independents, 11 seats

(1982 parliamentary election in lower house) PSOE 46%, and 202 seats (26 seats over a majority); AP, POP, and UL in coalition 25.4%, 106 seats; UCD 7.31%, 12 seats; PCE 3.9%, 4 seats; CiU 3.7%, 12 seats; CDS 2.9%, 2 seats; PNV 1.9%, 8 seats; HB 1%, 2 seats; EE .47%, 1 seat; ERG .47%, 1 seat; PA .33% 0 seats