1985 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton, raisins; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages — livestock products

Aid

economic commitments — US, including Ex-Im, $525 million (FY70-82); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $1 billion (1970-82); Communist countries (1970-83), $360 million; military— US, $2.1 billion (FY70-83)

Airfields

11 total, 10 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

1 usable with permanent-surface runways 1,220-2,439 m

81 total, 78 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Palace Guard, paramilitary People's Militia

parliamentary system comprising the Gibraltar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown

Gibraltar Regiment Land 131,944 km2; the size of New York; 40% meadow and pasture; 29% arable and permanent crop; 20% forest; 11% waste, urban, and other

executive consisting of a President, elected by the Vouli (Parliament), a Prime Minister, and a Cabinet; unicameral legislature consisting of the 300-member Vouli; and an independent judiciary

Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force

Budget

(FY82) revenues, $89 million; expenditure, $84.2 million

(1983) central government revenues $9.4 billion, expenditures $13.3 billion, $3.9 billion deficit

Capital

none

Athens

Civil air

7 major transport aircraft

1 major transport aircraft

39 major transport aircraft

Coastline

12 km People

13,676 km People

Communist

an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers

Communists

negligible

Crude steel

1.3 million metric tons produced (1983 est), 132 kg per capita

Elections

every four years; last held in January 1984 Political parties and leaders: Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Party of British Gibraltar (DPBG), Peter Isola; Socialist Labor Party, Joe Bossano

every four years; Papandreou's Panhellenic Socialist Movement defeated the incumbent New Democracy government of Greece (continued) George Rallis in elections held on 18 October 1981; presidential election 17 March 1985 Political parties and leaders: Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas Papandreou; New Democracy (ND), Constantine Mitsotakis; Communist PartyExterior (KKE-Ext), Kharilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior (KKE-Int), Giannis Banias; United Democratic Left (EDA), Ilias Iliou; National Political Union, George Popadopoulos

Electric power

59,600 kW capacity (1984); 210 million kWh produced (1984), 7,000 kWh per capita

9,928,000 kW capacity (1984); 24.613 billion kWh produced (1984), 2,485 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, and Spanish descent

97.7% Greek, 1.3% Turkish; 1.0% Vlach, Slav, Albanian, Pomach

Exports

$47.8 million (1983); principally reexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine

$4.41 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items — tobacco, minerals, fruits, textiles

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$34.9 billion (1983), $3,544 per capita; real growth rate 0.8% (1983)

Government leaders

Adm. Sir David W. WILLIAMS, Governor and Commander in Chief (since 1982); Sir Joshua A. HASSAN, Chief Minister (1964-69 and since 1972)

Dr. Andreas PAPANDREOU, Prime Minister (since October 1981); Christos SARTZETAKIS, President

Highways

56 km, mostly paved

38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earth

Imports

$136.8million (1983); principally manufactured goods, fuels, and foodstuffs; 65% from UK

$9.5 billion (c.i.f., 1983); principal items — machinery and automotive equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, manufactured consumer goods, chemicals, meat and live animals

Inland waterways

system consists of three coastal canals and three unconnected rivers, which provide navigable length of just under 80km

Labor force

approx. 14,800, including nonGibraltar laborers

3.7 million (1981 census); approximately 39% services, 31% agriculture, 30% industry; urban unemployment is estimated at 10%; substantial unreported unemployment exists in agriculture

Land boundaries

1.6 km Water

1,191 km Water

Language

English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes

Greek (official); English and French widely understood

Legal system

English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral inquiry

new constitution enacted in June 1975

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

3 nm

6 nm

Literacy

illiteracy is negligible

95%

Major industries

food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products

Major trade partners

UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands

(1983 est.) imports — 17.3% FRG, 12.4% Saudi Arabia, 8.9% Italy, 6.8% Japan, 6.8% France; exports— 20. 1 % FRG, 13.5% Italy, 7.4% France, 7.3% Saudi Arabia, 6.3% US

Member of

EC, EIB (associate), EMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $75.8 million; 5.5% of central government budget Mediterranean See Strait ol Gibraltar Sec regioni! map V Lighthouse Land 6.5 km2; smaller than Washington, D.C.

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $2.2 billion; about 17.5% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,841,000; 1,581,000 fit for military service; 136,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 2,360,000; 1,908,000 fit for military service; about 77,000 reach military age (21) annually

Monetary conversion rate

.833 Gibraltar pound=.833 pound sterling=US$l (December 1984) Communications

124.40 Greek drachmas=US$l (October 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 25 March

Nationality

noun — Gibraltarian; adjective— Gibraltar

noun — Greek(s); adjective — Greek

Note

The Greek Government states that there are no ethnic minorities in Greece

Official name

Gibraltar

Hellenic Republic

Organized labor

over 6,000 Government

10-15% of total labor force, 20-25% of urban labor force Government

Other political or pressure groups

Housewives Association, Chamber of Commerce, Gibraltar Representatives Organization Economy Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships,' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year; UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force and a recently Greece announced decision to close the Royal Navy dockyard will significantly add to unemployment; local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance

Pipelines

refined products, 3 km

crude oil, 26 km; refined products, 547km

Political subdivisions

51 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence that prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government; the departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece

Population

31,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.9%

9,966,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 0.6%

Ports

2 major (Tema, Takoradi)

1 major (Gibraltar)

2 major, 12 secondary, 37 minor

Railroads

1.000-meter gauge system in dockyard area only

2,479 km total; 1,565 km 1.435meter standard gauge, of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km 1.000-meter gauge; 22 km 0.750-meter narrow gauge; all government owned

Religion

75% Roman Catholic, 8% Church of England, 2.25% Jewish

98% Greek Orthodox, 1.3% Muslim, 0.7% other

Suffrage

all adult Gibraltarians, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more

universal age 18 and over

Telecommunications

fair system of openwire and cable, radio-relay links; 68,900 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

adequate international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 9,400 telephones(31.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 6 FM, 4 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom

adequate, modern networks reach all areas on mainland islands; 3.11 million telephones (31. 6 per 100 popl.); 28 AM, 37 FM, and 195 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Indian Ocean antenna Defense Forces

Type

British colony

presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974

Voting strength

(January 1984) House of the Assembly— GCL/AACR, 8 seats; Socialist Labor, 7 seats

Parliament — Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 165 seats; New Democracy, 109 seats; Communists (Exterior), 12 seats; independents and minor parties, 14 seats