1990 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1990 (Project Gutenberg)
Geography
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline
378 km
Comparative area
slightly smaller than Indiana
Disputes
Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa)
Environment
mostly an unsettled wilderness
Extended economic zone
200 nm;
Land boundaries
1,183 km total; Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km
Land use
NEGL% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; NEGL% meadows and pastures; 82% forest and woodland; 18% other
Natural resources
bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish
Terrain
low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
Territorial sea
12 nm
Total area
91,000 km2; land area: 89,150 km2
People and Society
Birth rate
29 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate
5 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Ethnic divisions
66% black or mulatto; 12% Caucasian; 12% East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian; 10% other
Infant mortality rate
19 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Labor force
23,265; 60.6% services, government, and commerce, 21.2% industry, 18.2% agriculture (1980)
Language
French
Life expectancy at birth
68 years male, 76 years female (1990)
Literacy
73%
Nationality
noun--French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjective--French Guiana
Net migration rate
10 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Organized labor
7% of labor force
Population
97,781 (July 1990), growth rate 3.4% (1990)
Religion
predominantly Roman Catholic
Total fertility rate
3.8 children born/woman (1990)
Government
Administrative divisions
none (overseas department of France)
Capital
Cayenne
Communists
Communist party membership negligible
Constitution
28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Diplomatic representation
as an overseas department of France the interests of French Guiana are represented in the US by France
Elections
Regional Council--last held 16 March 1986 (next to be held March 1991); results--PSG 43%, RPR 27.7%, ADG 12.2%, UDF 8.9%, FN 3.7%, PNPG 1.4%, others 3.1%; seats--(31 total) PSG 15, RPR 9, ADG 4, UDF 3; French Senate--last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(1 total) PSG 1; French National Assembly--last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(2 total) PSG 1, RPR 1
Executive branch
French president, commissioner of the republic
Flag
the flag of France is used
Independence
none (overseas department of France)
Judicial branch
highest local court is the Court of Appeals based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana
Leaders
Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981); Head of Government--Commissioner of the Republic Jean-Pierre LACROIX
Legal system
French legal system
Legislative branch
unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Council
Long-form name
Department of Guiana
Member of
WFTU
National holiday
Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)
Political parties and leaders
Guianese Socialist Party (PSG), Gerard Holder; Rally for the Republic (RPR), Paulin Brune; Guyanese Democratic Action (ADG), Andre Lecante; Union for French Democracy (UDF), Claude Ho A Chuck; National Front, Guy Malon; Popular and National Party of Guiana (PNPG), Claude Robo; National Anti-Colonist Guianese Party (PANGA), Michel Kapel
Suffrage
universal at age 18
Type
overseas department of France
Economy
Agriculture
some vegetables for local consumption; rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugar
Aid
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $1.1 billion
Budget
revenues $735 million; expenditures $735 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1987)
Currency
French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Electricity
92,000 kW capacity; 185 million kWh produced, 1,950 kWh per capita (1989)
Exchange rates
French francs (F) per US$1--5.7598 (January 1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)
Exports
$37.0 million (f.o.b., 1986); commodities--shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence; partners--US 41%, Japan 18%, France 9% (1984)
External debt
$1.2 billion (1988)
Fiscal year
calendar year
GDP
$210 million, per capita $3,230; real growth rate NA% (1982)
Imports
$297.7 million (c.i.f., 1986); commodities--food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods, petroleum; partners--France 55%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%, US 3% (1984)
Industrial production
growth rate NA%
Industries
construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.1% (1987)
Overview
The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities, with exports of fish and fish products (mostly shrimp) accounting for about two-thirds of total revenue in 1985. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops--rice, cassava, bananas, and sugarcane--are limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers, with an unemployment rate of 15%.
Unemployment rate
15% (1987)
Communications
Airports
11 total, 11 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
no major transport aircraft
Highways
680 km total; 510 km paved, 170 km improved and unimproved earth
Inland waterways
460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft
Ports
Cayenne
Telecommunications
fair open wire and radio relay system; 18,100 telephones; stations--5 AM, 7 FM, 9 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
Military and Security
Note
defense is the responsibility of France