1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, beans, rice, sorghum, wheat

Aid

economic — authorized from US, including Ex-Im (FY70-84), $907 million; ODA and OOF commitments by other Western countries (1970-83), $138 million; military— from US(FY70-84), $412 million

Airfields

166 total, 138 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 6 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Area

See refionil map 111 Land 21,041 km2; the size of Massachusetts; 32% crop (9% corn, 7% coffee, 5% cotton, 1 1 % other), 31% nonagricultural, 26% meadow and pasture, 11% forest

Branches

Legislative Assembly (60 seats), Executive, Supreme Court

Army, Navy, Air Force, National Guard, National Police, Treasury Police

Budget

(1983) government revenues, $502 million; expenditures, $582 million

Business organizations

National Association of Private Enterprise (ANEP), conservative; Productive Alliance (AP), conservative; National Federation of Salvadoran Small Businessmen (FEN APES), conservative

Capital

San Salvador

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

Coastline

307 km People

296 km People

Elections

Legislative Assembly (formerly Constituent Assembly), 28 March 1982; presidential election, 25 March 1984; presidential runoff election, 6 May 1984 (next scheduled for 1989); Legislative Assembly election, 31 March 1985 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jose Antonio Morales Erlich; National Conciliation Party (PCN), Hugo Carrillo; Democratic Action (AD), Ricardo Gonzalez Camacho; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Francisco Quinonez; National Republican Alliance (ARENA), Alfredo Cristiani; Salvadoran Authentic Institutional Party (PAISA), Roberto Escobar Garcia; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Mario Rene Roldan; Patria Libre, Hugo Barrera

Electric power

700,000 kW capacity (1985); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1985), 300 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

89% mestizo, 10% Indian, 1% white

indigenous population of Bioko, primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos; of Rio Muni, primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish

Exports

$760.8 million (f.o.b., 1984); coffee, cotton, sugar, shrimp

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 10,500 metric tons (1984 prelim.)

GDP

$4.36 billion (1985 est), $880 per capita

Government leaders

Jose Napoleon DUARTE, President (since June 1984); Rodolfo CASTILLO Claramount, Vice President (since June 1984); Abraham RODRIGUEZ, First Presidential Designate (since September 1984); Rene FORTIN, Magana, Second Presidential Designate (since September 1984)

Highways

10,000 km total; 1,500 km paved, 4,100 km gravel, 4,400 km improved and unimproved earth

Imports

$892 million (c.i.f., 1983); machinery, intermediate goods, petroleum, construction materials, fertilizers, foodstuffs

Infant mortality rate

41/1,000(1984)

142.9/1,000(1984)

Inland waterways

Lempa River partially navigable

Labor force

1.7 million (est. 1982); 40% agriculture, 16% manufacturing, 16% commerce, 13% government, 9% financial services, 6% transportation (1984 est.); shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation; significant unemployment and underemployment

most involved in subsistence agriculture; labor shortages on plantations Government

Labor organizations

Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independent; Salvadoran Communal Union (UCS), peasant association; Unitary Federation of Salvadoran El Salvador (continued) Equatorial Guinea Unions (FUSS), leftist; National Federation of Salvadoran Workers (FENASTRAS), leftist; Democratic Workers Central (CTD), moderate; General Confederation of Workers (CGT), moderate; Popular Democratic Unity (UPD), moderate labor coalition which includes FESINCONSTRANS, and other democratic labor organizations

Land boundaries

515 km Water

539 km Water

Language

Spanish, Nahua (among some Indians)

Spanish (official), pidgin English, Fang

Legal system

based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; new constitution enacted in December 1983; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Life expectancy

men 62.6, women 66.3

men 44.4, women 47.6

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm (overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nautical miles)

12

Literacy

65%

55%

Major industries

food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products

Major trade partners

exports — 33% US, 15% FRG, 12% Guatemala; imports— 39% US, 18% Guatemala, 9% Mexico

Member of

CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

estimated for fiscal year ending 31 December 1986, $153.6 million; about 28.3% of the central government budget ALABO Bioko Gulf of Guinea Island not shown in true geographical position. , Annobon Sec refionil mtp VII Bat. FtIO MUNI Acalayong Land 28,051 km2; the size of Maryland; Rio Muni, about 25,900 km2, largely forest; Bioko (formerly known as Fernando Po), about 2,072 km

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,162,000; 738,000 fit for military service; 60,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

2.5 colones= US$1 (February 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 15 September

Nationality

noun — Salvadoran(s); adjective— Salvadoran

noun — Equatorial Guinean(s); adjective — Equatorial Guinean

Natural resources

hydroelectric and geothermal power

Official name

Republic of El Salvador

Republic of Equatorial

Organized labor

8% total labor force; 10% agricultural labor force; 7% urban labor force (1982) Government

Other political or pressure groups

leftist revolutionary movement — Unified Revolutionary Directorate (DRU) and Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), leadership bodies of the insurgency; Popular Liberation Forces (FPL), Armed Forces of National Resistance (FARN), People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), Salvadoran Communist Party/Armed Forces of Liberation (PCES/FAL), and Central American Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRTC)/ Popular Liberation Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARLP); militant front organizations— Revolutionary Coordinator of Masses (CRM; alliance of front groups), Popular Revolutionary Bloc (BPR), Unified Popular Action Front (FAPU), Popular Leagues of 28 February (LP-28), National Democratic Union (UDN), and Popular Liberation Movement (MLP); Revolutionary Democratic Front (FDR), coalition of CRM and Democratic Front (FD), controlled by DRU; FD consists of moderate leftist groups — Independent Movement of Professionals and Technicians of El Salvador (MIPTES), National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), and Popular Social Christian Movement (MPSC); extreme rightist vigilante organizations or death squads — Secret Anti-Communist Army (ESA); Maximiliano Hernandez Brigade; Organization for Liberation From Communism (OLC)

Political subdivisions

14 departments

Population

5, 105,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.5%

359,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.6% Rio Muni — 269,546 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.6%; Bioko— 89,849 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.6%

Ports

2 major (Acajutla, La Union), 1 minor

Railroads

602 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track

Religion

predominantly Roman Catholic (probably 97-98%), with activity by Protestant groups throughout the country

natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

nationwide trunk radio-relay system; connection into Central American microwave net; 116,000 telephones (2.3 per 100 popl.); 75 AM, 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strength

Legislative Assembly — PDC, 33 seats; ARENA, 13 seats; PAISA, 1 seat; PCN, 12 seats; Independent, 1 seat