1983 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans

Aid

economic — authorized from US, including Ex-Im(FY70-82), $445 million; ODA and GOF committed by other Western countries (1970-81), $81 million; military— from US (FY70-82), $134 million

Airfields

109 total, 80 usable; 66 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 46 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command

Legislative Assembly (60 seats), Provisional Executive, Supreme Court

Business organizations

National Association of Private Enterprise (ANEP), conservative; Productive Alliance (AP), moderate; National Federation of Salvadoran Small Businessmen (FENAPES), moderate

Capital

San Salvador

Civil air

46 major transport aircraft

Elections

Legislative Assembly, 28 March 1982; presidential election held 25 March 1984; Legislative Assembly election scheduled for 1985 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jose Napoleon Duarte; National Conciliation Party (PCN), Francisco Jose Guerrero; Democratic Action (AD), Rene Fortin Magana; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Francisco Quiflonez; Popular Orientation Party (POP), Gen. Jose Alberto Medrano; National Republican Alliance (ARENA), Maj. Roberto D'Aubuisson; Salvadoran Authentic Institutional Party (PAISA), Roberto Escobar Garcia; Stable Centrist Republican Movement (MERECEN), Juan Ramon Rosales y Resales

Electric power

495,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1983), 340 kWh per capita

Exports

$700 million (f.o.b., 1982); coffee, cotton, sugar

Fiscal year

July through June Communications

Fishing

catch 13,958 metric tons (1980)

Freight carried

Suez Canal (1981)— 196 million metric tons, of which 55 million metric tons were petroleums, oils, and lubricants

GDP

$3.6 billion (1982), $700 per capita; 80% private consumption, 15% government consumption, 13% gross domestic investment; growth rate -5% (1982)

Government leaders

Alvaro Alfredo MAGANA Borja, President; Raul MOLINA Martinez, First Vice President; Gabriel Mauricio GUTIERREZ Castro, Second Vice President; Pablo Mauricio ALVERGUE, Third Vice President

Highways

47,025 km total; 12,300 km paved, 2,500 km gravel and crushed stone, 14,200 km improved earth, 18,025 km unimproved earth

Imports

$883 million (c.i.f., 1982); machinery, intermediate goods, petroleum, construction materials, fertilizers, foodstuffs

Inland waterways

3,360 km; Suez Canal, 195 km long, used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16. 1 meters of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of 550-metric ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-metric-ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200to 300metric-ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10to 70-metric-ton capacity

Labor organizations

Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independent; Salvadoran Communal Union (UCS), peasant association; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); United Confederation of Workers (CUT), leftist; Popular Democratic Unity (UPD), moderate political pressure group headed by FESINCONSTRANS, UCS, and other democratic labor organizations

Legal system

based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; Constitution adopted 1962; Constitution enacted in December 1983; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Major industries

food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products

Major trade partners

exports — 38% EC, 31% US, 20% CACM; imports— 34% US, 28% CACM, 14% EC; 11% oil exporters (1981)

Member of

CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, IWC— International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1 1,702,000; 7,631,000 fit for military service; about 482,000 reach military age (20) annually Caribbean Sea

National holiday

Independence Day, 15 September

Official name

Republic of El Salvador

Organized labor

8% total labor force; 10% agricultural labor force; 7% urban labor force (1982) Government

Other political or pressure groups

leftist revolutionary movement — Unified Revolutionary Directorate (DRU) and Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), leadership bodies of the insurgency; Farabundo Marti Popular Liberation Forces (FPL), Armed Forces of the National Resistance (FARN), People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), Communist Party of El Salvador/Liberation Armed Forces (PCES/FAL), and Central American Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRTC)/ Popular Liberation Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARLP); militant front organizations— Revolutionary Coordinator of Masses (CRM; alliance of front groups), Popular Revolutionary Bloc (BPR), Unified Popular Action Front (FAPU), 28 February Popular Leagues (LP-28), National Democratic Union (UDN), and Popular Liberation Movement (MLP); revolutionary coalition — Revolutionary Democratic Front (FDR), coalition of CRM and Democratic Front (FD), controlled by DRU; FD consists of moderate leftist groups — Independent Movement of Professionals and Technicians of El Salvador (MIPTES), National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), and Popular Social Christian Movement (MPSC); extreme rightist vigilante organizations or death squads — Secret Anti-Communist Army (ESA); Maximiliano Hernandez Brigade; Organization for Liberation from Communism (OLC)

Pipelines

crude oil, 930 km; refined products, 596 km; natural gas, 460 km

Political subdivisions

14 departments

Ports

3 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez); 16 minor; 7 petroleum, oil, and lubricant terminals

Railroads

4,857 km total; 951 km double track; 25 km electrified; 4,510 km 1,435meter standard gauge, 347 km 0.750-meter gauge

Suffrage

universal over age 18

Telecommunications

system is large but still inadequate for needs; principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress; est. 600,000 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 25 AM, 5 FM, and 47 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1 Indian Ocean antenna under construction; 2 submarine coaxial cables Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strength

Legislative Assembly — PDC, 24 seats; ARENA, 19 seats; PAISA, 9 seats; PCN, 5 seats; AD, 2 seats; PPS, 1 seat