2020 Edition

Background

The Taino -- indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of Europeans -- divided the island now known as the Dominican Republic and Haiti into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but the Haitians conquered and ruled it for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later, they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled and mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the US led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in the presidential election. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years, until international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held. 

Area

land

48,320 sq km

total

48,670 sq km

water

350 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey

Climate

tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall

Coastline

1,288 km

Elevation

highest point

Pico Duarte 3,098 m

lowest point

Lago Enriquillo -46 m

mean elevation

424 m

Geographic coordinates

19 00 N, 70 40 W

Geography - note

shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds makes up the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti); the second largest country in the Antilles (after Cuba); geographically diverse with the Caribbean's tallest mountain, Pico Duarte, and lowest elevation and largest lake, Lago Enriquillo

Irrigated land

2,981 sq km (2018)

Land boundaries

border countries

Haiti 376 km

total

376 km

Land use

agricultural land

55.4% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 20.2% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 11.3% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 23.8% (2023 est.)

forest

46.6% (2023 est.)

other

0% (2023 est.)

Location

Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s)

Lago de Enriquillo - 500 sq km

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts

Natural resources

nickel, bauxite, gold, silver, arable land

Population distribution

coastal development is significant, especially in the southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley, where population density is highest; smaller population clusters exist in the interior mountains (Cordillera Central)

Terrain

rugged highlands and mountains interspersed with fertile valleys

Age structure

0-14 years

25.5% (male 1,402,847/female 1,358,833)

15-64 years

66.9% (male 3,667,584/female 3,563,848)

65 years and over

7.6% (2024 est.) (male 395,345/female 427,400)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

3.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

2.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

5.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

0.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

17.4 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15

9.4% (2019)

women married by age 18

31.5% (2019)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

3% (2019 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.2% (2019 est.)

Death rate

6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

11.8 (2025 est.)

potential support ratio

8.5 (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio

49.6 (2025 est.)

youth dependency ratio

37.8 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 91.4% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 96.8% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 97.8% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 8.6% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 3.2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 2.2% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

3.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

20.9% national budget (2025 est.)

Ethnic groups

mixed 70.4% (Mestizo/Indio 58%, Mulatto 12.4%), Black 15.8%, White 13.5%, other 0.3% (2014 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

1.06 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

4.9% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

14.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

1.4 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

female

19 deaths/1,000 live births

male

24.3 deaths/1,000 live births

total

20.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages

Spanish (official)

major-language sample(s)

La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

female

74.3 years

male

71 years

total population

72.6 years (2024 est.)

Literacy

female

94.4% (2024 est.)

male

93.6% (2024 est.)

total population

94% (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

3.524 million SANTO DOMINGO (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

124 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

female

29.4 years

male

29.1 years

total

29.6 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

20.9 years (2013 est.)

Nationality

adjective

Dominican

noun

Dominican(s)

Net migration rate

-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

27.6% (2016)

Physician density

2.43 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population

female

5,392,613

male

5,506,679

total

10,899,292 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

0.78% (2025 est.)

Religions

Evangelical 50.2%, Roman Catholic 30.1%, none 18.5%, unspecified 1.2% (2023 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 96.5% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 97.4% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 3.5% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 2.6% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

female

15 years (2022 est.)

male

13 years (2022 est.)

total

14 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.93 male(s)/female

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

total population

1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

female

5.9% (2025 est.)

male

13.5% (2025 est.)

total

9.7% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.17 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

84.4% of total population (2023)

Administrative divisions

31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabón, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elías Piña, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Hermanas Mirabal, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, María Trinidad Sánchez, Monseñor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Samaná, Sánchez Ramírez, San Cristóbal, San José de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macorís, Santiago, Santiago Rodríguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde

Capital

etymology

named after Saint Domingo de GUZMAN (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order; the city's full name was originally Santo Domingo de Guzman

geographic coordinates

18 28 N, 69 54 W

name

Santo Domingo

time difference

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of the Dominican Republic

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

2 years

Constitution

amendment process

proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum

history

many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015

Country name

conventional long form

Dominican Republic

conventional short form

The Dominican

etymology

the name is a latinized form of the Spanish term Santo Domingo, meaning "holy Sunday;" Spanish explorers originally settled the island on a Sunday in 1496, and the name was first given to the island of Hispaniola as a whole in 1697

former

Santo Domingo (the capital city's name formerly applied to the entire country)

local long form

República Dominicana

local short form

La Dominicana

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Leah F. CAMPOS (since 19 November 2025)

email address and website

SDOAmericans@state.gov https://do.usembassy.gov/

embassy

Av. Republica de Colombia #57, Santo Domingo

mailing address

3470 Santo Domingo Place, Washington DC 20521-3470

telephone

(809) 567-7775

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador María Isabel CASTILLO BÁEZ (since 11 June 2025)

consulate(s) general

Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angelos, Miami, New Jersey, New Orleans, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia

email address and website

embassy@drembassyusa.org http://drembassyusa.org/

FAX

[1] (202) 265-8057

telephone

[1] (202) 332-6280

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet nominated by the president

chief of state

President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020)

election results

2024: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona reelected president; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 57.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 28.8%, Abel MARTÍNEZ (PLD) 10.4%, other 3.3% 2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9%, other 1.1%

election/appointment process

president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms)

expected date of next election

21 May 2028

head of government

President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020)

most recent election date

19 May 2024

Flag

description: a centered white cross extends to the edges and divides the flag into four rectangles; the top ones are ultramarine blue (left side) and vermilion red, and the bottom ones are vermilion red (left side) and ultramarine blue; a small coat of arms with a shield supported by a laurel branch and a palm branch is at the center of the cross; above the shield, a blue ribbon displays the motto DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty); below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA is on a red ribbon; on the shield, a Bible is opened to a verse that reads "Y la verdad nos hara libre" (And the truth shall set you free) meaning: blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, ACS, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary composed of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms

subordinate courts

courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government

Legal system

civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system

Legislative branch

legislative structure

bicameral

legislature name

National Congress of the Republic (Congreso Nacional de la República)

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name

Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados)

electoral system

proportional representation

expected date of next election

May 2028

most recent election date

5/19/2024

number of seats

190 (all directly elected)

parties elected and seats per party

Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM) and its allies (146); People’s Force (FP) and its allies (28); Other (16)

percentage of women in chamber

37.4%

scope of elections

full renewal

term in office

4 years

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name

Senate (Senado)

electoral system

proportional representation

expected date of next election

May 2028

most recent election date

5/19/2024

number of seats

32 (all directly elected)

parties elected and seats per party

Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM) and its allies (24); People’s Force (FP) and its allies (3); Other (5)

percentage of women in chamber

12.5%

scope of elections

full renewal

term in office

4 years

National anthem(s)

history

adopted 1934; also known as "Quisqueyanos valientes" (Valiant Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem refers to the Dominican people as Quisqueyanos, which comes from the ethnic name for the island

lyrics/music

Emilio PRUD'HOMME/Jose REYES

title

"Himno Nacional" (National Anthem)

National color(s)

red, white, blue

National heritage

selected World Heritage Site locales

Colonial City of Santo Domingo

total World Heritage Sites

1 (cultural)

National holiday

Independence Day, 27 February (1844)

National symbol(s)

palmchat (bird)

Political parties

Alliance for Democracy or APD Broad Front (Frente Amplio) Country Alliance or AP Dominican Liberation Party or PLD Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD Dominicans For Change or DXC Independent Revolutionary Party or PRI Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS Liberal Reformist Party or PRL (formerly the Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic or PLRD) Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM National Progressive Front or FNP People's First Party or PPG People's Force or FP Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory; married persons can vote, regardless of age 

Agricultural products

sugarcane, bananas, papayas, plantains, avocados, rice, milk, watermelons, vegetables, pineapples (2023)

Average household expenditures

on alcohol and tobacco

3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on food

28.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$24.348 billion (2023 est.)

revenues

$20.418 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2022

-$6.549 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$4.418 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$4.167 billion (2024 est.)

Debt - external

Debt - external 2023

$35.044 billion (2023 est.)

Economic overview

surging middle-income tourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; major foreign US direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial markets; improving debt management; declining poverty

Exchange rates

Currency

Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

56.525 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

57.221 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

55.141 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

56.158 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

59.565 (2024 est.)

Exports

Exports 2022

$25.169 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$25.79 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$28.563 billion (2024 est.)

Exports - commodities

medical instruments, tobacco, gold, garments, power equipment (2023)

Exports - partners

USA 52%, Switzerland 7%, Haiti 6%, China 5%, India 3% (2023)

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

22.8% (2024 est.)

government consumption

11.5% (2024 est.)

household consumption

67.7% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-29% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

26.1% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

0.9% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

4.5% (2024 est.)

industry

28.7% (2024 est.)

services

59.8% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$124.282 billion (2024 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023

38.4 (2023 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

29.1% (2023 est.)

lowest 10%

2.3% (2023 est.)

Imports

Imports 2022

$36.838 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$34.45 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$36.144 billion (2024 est.)

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, plastic products, crude petroleum (2023)

Imports - partners

USA 40%, China 18%, Brazil 4%, Spain 4%, Mexico 3% (2023)

Industrial production growth rate

3% (2024 est.)

Industries

tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

8.8% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

4.8% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

3.3% (2024 est.)

Labor force

5.413 million (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

23% (2023 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2016

34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$258.16 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$263.82 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$276.884 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2022

5.2% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.2% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

5% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2022

$23,000 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$23,300 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$24,200 (2024 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2022

9.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

8.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Remittances 2024

9% of GDP (2024 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$14.523 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$15.547 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$13.471 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

14.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2022

5.6% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

5.6% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

5.5% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

15.5% (2024 est.)

male

9.2% (2024 est.)

total

11.7% (2024 est.)

Coal

consumption

2.356 million metric tons (2023 est.)

imports

2.356 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

consumption

22.193 billion kWh (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity

6.581 million kW (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

2.369 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - rural areas

95%

electrification - total population

98.1% (2022 est.)

electrification - urban areas

98.8%

Electricity generation sources

biomass and waste

0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

fossil fuels

82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity

6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar

5.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind

4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

39.329 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

consumption

2.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

exports

1.997 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports

2.279 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption

146,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

11 (2023 est.)

total

1.26 million (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; over 300 state-owned and privately owned radio stations (2019)

Internet country code

.do

Internet users

percent of population

85% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

10 (2024 est.)

total subscriptions

1.15 million (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

94 (2024 est.)

total subscriptions

10.7 million (2024 est.)

Airports

32 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

HI

Heliports

8 (2025)

Merchant marine

by type

container ship 1, general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 36

total

40 (2023)

Ports

key ports

Andres (Andres Lng Terminal), Las Calderas, Puerto de Haina, Puerto Plata, Punta Nizao Oil Terminal, San Pedro de Macoris, Santa Barbara de Samana, Santa Cruz de Barahona, Santo Domingo

large

0

medium

2

ports with oil terminals

7

size unknown

2

small

7

total ports

17 (2024)

very small

6

Railways

narrow gauge

142 km (2014) 0.762-m gauge

standard gauge

354 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

total

496 km (2014)

Military - note

the military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of the Dominican Republic; it also has an internal security role, which includes assisting with airport, border, port, tourism, and urban security, supporting the police in maintaining or restoring public order, countering transnational crime, and providing disaster or emergency relief/management; a key area of focus is securing the country’s 217-mile (350-kilometer) long border with Haiti, where the Army in recent years has assigned thousands of troops to assist with security; these forces complement the personnel of the Border Security Corps permanently deployed along the border; the Air Force and Navy also provide support to the Haitian border mission; the Army has a brigade dedicated to managing and providing relief during natural disasters; the military also contributes personnel to the National Drug Control Directorate, and both the Air Force and Navy devote assets to detecting and interdicting narcotics trafficking; the Navy conducts regular bilateral maritime interdiction exercises with the US Navy (2025)

Military and security forces

Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic: Army of the Dominican Republic (Ejercito de la República Dominicana, ERD), Navy (Armada de República Dominicana or ARD; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de la República Dominicana, FARD) (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 55-60,000 Armed Forces; up to 35,000 National Police (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's equipment inventory comes largely from the US, with smaller quantities from such suppliers as Brazil and Spain (2025)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2020

0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

0.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

0.8% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military service age and obligation

17-early 20s for voluntary military service for men and women (ages vary depending on military service and position; under 18 admitted with permission of parents) (2025)

Illicit drugs

USG identification

major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs

390 (2023 est.)

refugees

1,004 (2024 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

from coal and metallurgical coke

5.374 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas

4.467 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

19.872 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total emissions

29.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation

International environmental agreements

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

23.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

agricultural

7.563 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

industrial

659.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal

855 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

4.064 million tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled

11.6% (2022 est.)