2003 Edition

Administrative divisions

13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky Kraj, Jihomoravsky Kraj, Karlovarsky Kraj, Kralovehradecky Kraj, Liberecky Kraj, Moravskoslezsky Kraj, Olomoucky Kraj, Pardubicky Kraj, Plzensky Kraj, Praha*, Stredocesky Kraj, Ustecky Kraj, Vysocina, Zlinsky Kraj

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.4% (male 809,697; female 768,747) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 3,617,214; female 3,614,060) 65 years and over: 14% (male 554,922; female 884,576) (2003 est.)

Agriculture - products

wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry

Airports

144 (2002)

Airports - with paved runways

total

44 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16

under 914 m

19 (2002) 914 to 1,523 m: 2

Airports - with unpaved runways

total

100 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 36

under 914 m

62 (2002)

Area

land

77,276 sq km

total

78,866 sq km

water

1,590 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than South Carolina

Background

Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). After World War II, a truncated Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize Communist party rule and create "socialism with a human face." Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Now a member of NATO, the Czech Republic has moved toward integration in world markets, a development that poses both opportunities and risks. In December 2002, the Czech Republic was invited to join the European Union (EU). It is expected that the Czech Republic will accede to the EU in 2004. Geography Czech Republic

Birth rate

9.01 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

Budget

expenditures

$18 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

revenues

$16.7 billion

Capital

Prague

Climate

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Constitution

ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993

Country name

conventional long form

Czech Republic

conventional short form

Czech Republic

local long form

Ceska Republika

local short form

Ceska Republika

Currency

Czech koruna (CZK)

Currency code

CZK

Death rate

10.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

Debt - external

$23.8 billion (2002)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Craig R. STAPLETON

embassy

Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1

mailing address

use embassy street address

telephone

[420] (2) 5753-0663

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Martin PALOUS

consulate(s) general

Los Angeles and New York

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918; individual Sudeten German claims for restitution of property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II; Austria has minor dispute with Czech Republic over the Temelin nuclear power plant and post-World War II treatment of German-speaking minorities

Distribution of family income - Gini index

25.4 (1996)

Economic aid - recipient

$108 million; EU structural adjustment funds (2002)

Economy - overview

One of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states, the Czech Republic has been recovering from recession since mid-1999. Growth in 2000-03 was supported by exports to the EU, primarily to Germany, and a near doubling of foreign direct investment. Domestic demand is playing an ever more important role in underpinning growth as interest rates drop and the availability of credit cards and mortgages increases. High current account deficits - averaging around 5% of GDP in the last several years - could be a persistent problem. Inflation is under control. The EU put the Czech Republic just behind Poland and Hungary in preparations for accession, which will give further impetus and direction to structural reform. Moves to complete banking, telecommunications, and energy privatization will encourage additional foreign investment, while intensified restructuring among large enterprises and banks and improvements in the financial sector should strengthen output growth. But revival in the European economies remains essential to stepped-up growth.

Electricity - consumption

55.6 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - exports

18.92 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - imports

9.38 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - production

70.04 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel

76.1%

hydro

2.9%

nuclear

20%

other

1% (2001)

Elevation extremes

highest point

Snezka 1,602 m

lowest point

Elbe River 115 m

Environment - current issues

air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution

Environment - international agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

Ethnic groups

Czech 81.2%, Moravian 13.2%, Slovak 3.1%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Silesian 0.4%, Roma 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 0.5% (1991)

Exchange rates

koruny per US dollar - 32.74 (2002), 38.04 (2001), 38.6 (2000), 34.57 (1999), 32.28 (1998)

Executive branch

cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

President Vaclav KLAUS (since 7 March 2003)

election results

Vaclav KLAUS elected president on 28 February 2003; Vaclav KLAUS 142 votes, Jan SOKOL 124 votes (third round; combined votes of both chambers of parliament)

elections

president elected by Parliament for a five-year term; last successful election held 28 February 2003 (after earlier elections held 15 and 24 January 2003 were inconclusive); prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Vladimir SPIDLA (since 12 July 2002), Deputy Prime Ministers Bohuslav SOBOTKA (since 20 August 2003), Cyril SVOBODA (since July 2002), Stanislav GROSS (since July 2002), Petr MARES (since July 2002)

note

the Czech Republic's first president Vaclav HAVEL stepped down from office on 2 February 2003 having served exactly 10 years; parliament finally elected a successor on 28 February 2003 after two inconclusive elections in January 2003

Exports

$40.8 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Exports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment 44%, intermediate manufactures 25%, chemicals 7%, raw materials and fuel 7% (2000)

Exports - partners

Germany 40.2%, Slovakia 7.1%, Austria 5.8%, UK 5.1%, Poland 5%, France 4% (2002)

FAX

[1] (202) 966-8540

[420] (2) 5753-0583

telephone

[1] (202) 274-9100

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications Czech Republic

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia) Economy Czech Republic

GDP

purchasing power parity - $157.1 billion (2002 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture

3.8%

industry

41%

services

55.2% (2001)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $15,300 (2002 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

2% (2002 est.)

Geographic coordinates

49 45 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe People Czech Republic

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Heliports

2 (2002) Military Czech Republic

Highways

paved

55,408 km (including 499 km of expressways)

total

55,408 km

unpaved

0 km (2000)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

less than 10 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

500 (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

22.4% (1996)

lowest 10%

4.3%

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

Imports

$43.2 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment 40%, intermediate manufactures 21%, raw materials and fuels 13%, chemicals 11% (2000)

Imports - partners

Germany 39.1%, Slovakia 6%, Austria 5.6%, Italy 5.4%, France 5.3%, Poland 4.1%, UK 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)

Independence

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Industrial production growth rate

3.5% (2002)

Industries

metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments

Infant mortality rate

female

4.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)

male

5.85 deaths/1,000 live births

total

5.37 deaths/1,000 live births

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.6% (2002 est.)

International organization participation

ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

Internet country code

.cz

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

more than 300 (2000)

Internet users

2.69 million (2001) Transportation Czech Republic

Irrigated land

240 sq km (1998 est.)

Judicial branch

Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Labor force

5.203 million (1999 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 5%, industry 35%, services 60% (2001 est.)

Land boundaries

border countries

Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km

total

1,881 km

Land use

arable land

40%

other

56.96% (1998 est.)

permanent crops

3.04%

Languages

Czech

Legal system

civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

election results

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ODS 26, KDU-CSL 14, CSSD 11, US 9, KSCM 3, independents 18; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 30.2%, ODS 24.5%, KSCM 18.5%, KDU-CSL & US-DEU coalition 14.3%, other minor 12.5%; seats by party - CSSD 70, ODS 58, KSCM 41, KDU-CSL 21, US-DEU 10

elections

Senate - last held in two rounds 25-26 October and 1-2 November 2002 (next to be held NA November 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held 14-15 June 2002 (next to be held by NA June 2006)

Life expectancy at birth

female

78.87 years (2003 est.)

male

71.69 years

total population

75.18 years

Literacy

definition

NA

female

NA% Government Czech Republic

male

NA%

total population

99.9% (1999 est.)

Location

Central Europe, southeast of Germany

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Median age

female

40.2 years (2002)

male

36.6 years

total

38.4 years

Military branches

Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$1,190.2 million (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

2.1% (FY01) Transnational Issues Czech Republic

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49

2,622,192 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49

2,002,202 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - military age

18 years of age (2003 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually

males

67,777 (2003 est.)

National holiday

Czech Founding Day, 28 October (1918)

Nationality

adjective

Czech

noun

Czech(s)

Natural gas - consumption

9.892 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports

1 million cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports

9.521 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - production

160 million cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

3.057 billion cu m (37257)

Natural hazards

flooding

Natural resources

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber

Net migration rate

0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption

175,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports

26,670 bbl/day (2001)

Oil - imports

192,300 bbl/day (2001)

Oil - production

7,419 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - proved reserves

17.25 million bbl (37257)

Pipelines

gas 7,020 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km (2003)

Political parties and leaders

Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Miroslav KALOUSEK, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Michael ZANTOVSKY, chairman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia or KSC [Miroslav STEPAN, chairman]; Czech National Social Party of CSNS [Jan SULA, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Vladimir SPIDLA, chairman]; Freedom Union-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Petr MARES, chairman]; Quad Coalition [Karel KUHNL, chairman] (includes KDU-CSL, US, ODA, DEU)

Political pressure groups and leaders

Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions [Richard FALBR]

Population

10,249,216 (July 2003 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Population growth rate

-0.08% (2003 est.)

Ports and harbors

Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem

Radio broadcast stations

AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)

Radios

3,159,134 (December 2000)

Railways

narrow gauge

99 km 0.760-m gauge (2002)

standard gauge

9,363 km 1.435-m gauge (1,745 km electrified)

total

9,462 km

Religions

Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%, atheist 39.8%

Sex ratio

at birth

1.06 male(s)/female

total population

0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

under 15 years

1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Telephone system

domestic

86% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems now being enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay

general assessment

privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; growth in the use of mobile cellular telephones is particularly vigorous

international

satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar

Telephones - main lines in use

3.869 million (2000)

Telephones - mobile cellular

4.346 million (2000)

Television broadcast stations

150 (plus 1,434 repeaters) (2000)

Televisions

3,405,834 (December 2000)

Terrain

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Total fertility rate

1.18 children born/woman (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate

9.8% (2002)

Waterways

303 km

note

the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river (2000)