2020 Edition

Background

A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 after years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued and forced most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), but it is recognized only by Turkey. A UN-mediated agreement to reunite Cyprus, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval from both communities in 2004. The most recent round of reunification negotiations was suspended in 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough. The entire island joined the EU in 2004, although the EU acquis -- the body of common rights and obligations -- applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government and is suspended in the TRNC. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship have the same legal rights accorded to citizens of other EU states.

Area

land

9,241 sq km

total

9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)

water

10 sq km

Area - comparative

about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

Climate

temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Coastline

648 km

Elevation

highest point

Mount Olympus 1,951 m

lowest point

Mediterranean Sea 0 m

mean elevation

91 m

Geographic coordinates

35 00 N, 33 00 E

Geography - note

the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)

Irrigated land

269 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

border sovereign base areas

Akrotiri 48 km; Dhekelia 108 km

total

156 km

Land use

agricultural land

14% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: arable land

arable land: 10.6% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops

permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture

permanent pasture: 0.2% (2023 est.)

forest

18.6% (2023 est.)

other

67.1% (2023 est.)

Location

Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey; note - Cyprus views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Map references

Middle East

Maritime claims

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

moderate earthquake activity; droughts

Natural resources

copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

Population distribution

population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca

Terrain

central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

Age structure

0-14 years

15.6% (male 105,533/female 100,099)

15-64 years

70% (male 486,569/female 437,651)

65 years and over

14.4% (2024 est.) (male 83,094/female 107,579)

Alcohol consumption per capita

beer

2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols

0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits

4.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total

9.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine

2.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

9.95 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate

7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

elderly dependency ratio

21.4 (2025 est.)

potential support ratio

4.7 (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio

43.6 (2025 est.)

youth dependency ratio

22.3 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: rural

rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

Education expenditure (% GDP)

4.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Education expenditure (% national budget)

12.5% national budget (2022 est.)

Ethnic groups

Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.73 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP)

9.4% of GDP (2021)

Health expenditure (as % of national budget)

18.3% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

2.2 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Infant mortality rate

female

6.4 deaths/1,000 live births

male

9.7 deaths/1,000 live births

total

7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

Languages

Languages

Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s)

Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

female

83.1 years

male

77.4 years

total population

80.2 years (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

269,000 NICOSIA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

14 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

female

41 years

male

38.2 years

total

39.9 years (2025 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

30 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

adjective

Cypriot

noun

Cypriot(s)

Net migration rate

6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.8% (2016)

People - note

demographic data for Cyprus represent the population of the government-controlled area and the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, unless otherwise indicated

Physician density

3.56 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

female

651,165

male

681,128

total

1,332,293 (2025 est.)

Population growth rate

0.89% (2025 est.)

Religions

Eastern Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: rural

rural: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)

improved: total

total: 99.4% of population (2022 est.)

improved: urban

urban: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: rural

rural: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: total

total: 0.6% of population (2022 est.)

unimproved: urban

urban: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

female

17 years (2022 est.)

male

16 years (2022 est.)

total

16 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

0-14 years

1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years

1.11 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.77 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.05 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

female

22.2% (2025 est.)

male

44.1% (2025 est.)

total

33.1% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

rate of urbanization

0.76% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

urban population

67% of total population (2023)

Administrative divisions

6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district located entirely in the Turkish Cypriot community), Larnaka (Larnaca; with a small part located in the Turkish Cypriot community), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Pafos (Paphos)

Capital

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology

may have been named after Nike, the Greek goddess of victory; the Greek name for the city, Lefkosia, and the Turkish name, Lefkosa, both mean "White City"

geographic coordinates

35 10 N, 33 22 E

name

Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)

time difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Cyprus

dual citizenship recognized

yes

residency requirement for naturalization

7 years

Constitution

amendment process

constitution of the Republic of Cyprus -- proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the "Greek Community" and the "Turkish Community"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964 constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” -- proposed by at least 10 members of the "Assembly of the Republic"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum

history

ratified 16 August 1960

Country name

conventional long form

Republic of Cyprus

conventional short form

Cyprus

etymology

the Greek name for the island is Kupros, which is probably derived from the Sumerian kabar, meaning "copper" or "bronze;" copper mines were located on the island in antiquity

local long form

Kypriaki Dimokratia (Greek)/ Kibris Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)

local short form

Kypros (Greek)/ Kibris (Turkish)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission

Ambassador Julie Davis FISHER (since 21 February 2023); note - Ambassador FISHER is temporarily assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine as Chargé d’ Affaires ad interim; she remains fully accredited in Cyprus

email address and website

ACSNicosia@state.gov https://cy.usembassy.gov/

embassy

Metochiou and Ploutarchou Street, 2407, Engomi, Nicosia

FAX

[357] (22) 780944

mailing address

5450 Nicosia Place, Washington DC 20521-5450

telephone

[357] (22) 393939

Diplomatic representation in the US

chancery

2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Evangelos SAVVA (since 15 September 2023)

consulate(s) general

New York

email address and website

info@cyprusembassy.net https://www.cyprusembassy.net/

FAX

[1] (202) 483-6710

honorary consulate(s)

Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Kirkland (WA), Los Angeles, New Orleans, San Francisco

telephone

[1] (202) 462-5772

Executive branch

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

chief of state

President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)

election results

2023: Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (independent) 32%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS (independent) 29.6%, Averof NEOFYTOU (DISY) 26.1%, Christos CHRISTOU (ELAM) 6%, other 6.3%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDS 52%, Andreas MAVROGIANNIS 48% 2018: Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%

election/appointment process

president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms)

expected date of next election

2028

head of government

President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDIS (since 28 February 2023)

most recent election date

5 February 2023, with a runoff on 12 February 2023

Flag

description: a copper-colored silhouette of the island is centered on a white field above two crossed green olive branches meaning: the olive branches symbolize hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

Government type

Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency

Independence

16 August 1960 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president)

judge selection and term of office

Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic on the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges can serve until age 68; "TRNC Supreme Court" judges appointed by the "Supreme Council of Judicature," a 12-member body of judges, the attorney general, appointees by the president of the "TRNC," and by the "Legislative Assembly," and members elected by the bar association; judge tenure NA

subordinate courts

Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; Administrative Court; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, the military, and rent control; "TRNC Assize Courts"; "TNRC district and family courts"

Legal system

mixed system of English common law and civil law, with European law supremacy

Legislative branch

electoral system

proportional representation

expected date of next election

May 2026

legislative structure

unicameral

legislature name

House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon)

most recent election date

5/30/2021

number of seats

80 (all directly elected)

parties elected and seats per party

Democratic Rally (DISY) (17); Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL) (15); Democratic Party (DIKO) (9); National Popular Front (ELAM) (4); Movement of Social Democrats (EDEK) (4); Democratic Alignment (DIPA) (4); Cyprus Green Party (KOP) (3)

percentage of women in chamber

14.3%

scope of elections

full renewal

term in office

5 years

National anthem(s)

history

adopted 1966; Cyprus uses the Greek national anthem; the Turkish Cypriot community in Cyprus uses Turkey's national anthem

lyrics/music

Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS

title

"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Freedom)

National coat of arms

The coat of arms of Cyprus features a yellow shield representing the island’s copper deposits. A dove, one of the national symbols, holds an olive branch symbolizing peace, and olive branches encircle the shield.  The year 1960 on the shield is the date of Cyprus’s independence from the United Kingdom.  

National color(s)

blue, white

National heritage

selected World Heritage Site locales

Paphos; Painted Churches in the Troodos Region; Choirokoitia

total World Heritage Sites

3 (all cultural)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 October (1960)

National symbol(s)

Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep), white dove

Political parties

area under government control: Democratic Front or DIPA  Democratic Party or DIKO Democratic Rally or DISY Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Alliance  Movement of Social Democrats EDEK National Popular Front or ELAM  Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)  Solidarity Movement area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Communal Democracy Party or TDP Communal Liberation Party - New Forces or TKP-YG Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP Democratic Party or DP National Democratic Party or NDP National Unity Party or UBP  New Cyprus Party or YKP People's Party or HP  Rebirth Party or YDP Republican Turkish Party or CTP United Cyprus Party or BKP

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agricultural products

milk, potatoes, sheep milk, pork, goat milk, wheat, chicken, olives, grapes, barley (2023)

Budget

expenditures

$13.733 billion (2023 est.)

revenues

$14.39 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance

Current account balance 2022

-$2.178 billion (2022 est.)

Current account balance 2023

-$3.831 billion (2023 est.)

Current account balance 2024

-$3.05 billion (2024 est.)

Economic overview

services-based, high-income EU island economy; heavy tourism; sustained growth between recovery of national banking system and COVID-19 trade restrictions; high living standards; a known financial hub, its stock exchange functions as an investment bridge between EU-and EEU-member countries

Exchange rates

Currency

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates 2020

0.876 (2020 est.)

Exchange rates 2021

0.845 (2021 est.)

Exchange rates 2022

0.95 (2022 est.)

Exchange rates 2023

0.925 (2023 est.)

Exchange rates 2024

0.924 (2024 est.)

Exports

Exports 2022

$32.563 billion (2022 est.)

Exports 2023

$32.922 billion (2023 est.)

Exports 2024

$35.12 billion (2024 est.)

Exports - commodities

ships, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cheese, scented mixtures (2023)

Exports - partners

Libya 14%, Greece 11%, Lebanon 8%, Bermuda 7%, Marshall Islands 5% (2023)

GDP - composition, by end use

exports of goods and services

96.7% (2024 est.)

government consumption

18.6% (2024 est.)

household consumption

58.9% (2024 est.)

imports of goods and services

-93.1% (2024 est.)

investment in fixed capital

20.5% (2024 est.)

investment in inventories

-1.6% (2024 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture

1.2% (2024 est.)

industry

10.3% (2024 est.)

services

76.9% (2024 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$36.333 billion (2024 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022

31.5 (2022 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

highest 10%

26.2% (2022 est.)

lowest 10%

3.6% (2022 est.)

Imports

Imports 2022

$31.486 billion (2022 est.)

Imports 2023

$32.556 billion (2023 est.)

Imports 2024

$33.802 billion (2024 est.)

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, ships, cars, packaged medicine, coal tar oil (2023)

Imports - partners

Greece 20%, UK 10%, Italy 7%, Turkey 6%, Spain 6% (2023)

Industrial production growth rate

4.6% (2024 est.)

Industries

tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022

8.4% (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023

3.5% (2023 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024

1.8% (2024 est.)

Labor force

772,300 (2024 est.)

Population below poverty line

13.9% (2021 est.)

Public debt

Public debt 2017

97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022

$47.085 billion (2022 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023

$48.386 billion (2023 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024

$50.055 billion (2024 est.)

Real GDP growth rate

Real GDP growth rate 2022

7.2% (2022 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2023

2.8% (2023 est.)

Real GDP growth rate 2024

3.4% (2024 est.)

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2022

$51,600 (2022 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2023

$52,200 (2023 est.)

Real GDP per capita 2024

$53,300 (2024 est.)

Remittances

Remittances 2021

2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Remittances 2022

1.7% of GDP (2022 est.)

Remittances 2023

1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022

$1.671 billion (2022 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023

$1.789 billion (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024

$2.088 billion (2024 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

24.1% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate

Unemployment rate 2022

6.9% (2022 est.)

Unemployment rate 2023

6.1% (2023 est.)

Unemployment rate 2024

5.7% (2024 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

female

13.7% (2024 est.)

male

17.4% (2024 est.)

total

15.6% (2024 est.)

Coal

consumption

46,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

exports

71.6 metric tons (2022 est.)

imports

22,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

consumption

5.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity

2.288 million kW (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses

146.11 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population

100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

biomass and waste

1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

fossil fuels

79.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar

16% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind

3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023

107.188 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption

45,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

39 (2023 est.)

total

357,000 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

mix of state and privately run TV and radio; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services (including from Greece and Turkey), and a number of private radio stations; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, 7 privately owned TV stations and 21 privately owned radio stations, 6 radio and 4 TV channels at local universities, 1 military radio station, and 1 radio station for civil defense cooperation, as well as relay stations from Turkey (2019)

Internet country code

.cy

Internet users

percent of population

91% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

25 (2024 est.)

total subscriptions

245,000 (2024 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

156 (2024 est.)

total subscriptions

1.51 million (2024 est.)

Airports

14 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

5B

Heliports

68 (2025)

Merchant marine

by type

bulk carrier 243, container ship 154, general cargo 211, oil tanker 47, other 350

total

1,005 (2023)

Ports

key ports

Dhekelia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Xeros

large

0

medium

0

ports with oil terminals

4

small

3

total ports

6 (2024)

very small

3

Military - note

established in 1964, the National Guard (EF) is responsible for ensuring Cyprus’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; its primary focus is Turkey, which invaded Cyprus in 1974 and maintains a large military presence in the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus; the majority of the force is deployed along the “Green Line” that separates the Greek Cypriots from the Turkish Cypriots; the EF also participates in some internal missions, such as providing assistance during natural disasters; Greece is its primary security partner and maintains a military presence on Cyprus; the EF has conducted training exercises with other militaries including France, Israel, and the US; since Cyprus joined the EU in 2004, the EF has actively participated in the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy and has sent small numbers of personnel to some EU and missions; Cyprus is also part of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has been deployed in Cyprus since 1964; its mandate includes supervising the de facto ceasefire that came into effect in August 1974 and maintaining a buffer zone between the lines of the Cypriot National Guard and of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces; UNFICYP has about 1,100 personnel assigned (2025)

Military and security forces

Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 12-15,000 active Cypriot National Guard (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the National Guard's inventory includes a mix of armaments from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Israel, Russia, several European countries, and the US (2025)

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2020

1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military Expenditures 2021

1.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military Expenditures 2022

1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

Military Expenditures 2023

1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Military Expenditures 2024

1.7% of GDP (2024 est.)

Military service age and obligation

all Cypriot men must complete 14 months of compulsory service upon reaching the age of 18; women may volunteer for 6 months of service at age 18; men and women may also enlist as contract soldiers up to age 42 (2025)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs

244,944 (2024 est.)

refugees

73,303 (2024 est.)

stateless persons

130 (2024 est.)

Terrorist group(s)

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

Carbon dioxide emissions

from coal and metallurgical coke

100,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids

6.737 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total emissions

6.837 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Environmental issues

scarce water resources; salination; water pollution from sewage, industrial wastes, and pesticides; coastal degradation; erosion; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

Geoparks

global geoparks and regional networks

Troodos (2023)

total global geoparks and regional networks

1

International environmental agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Particulate matter emissions

14.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

780 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

agricultural

177 million cubic meters (2022)

industrial

17 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

municipal

112 million cubic meters (2022)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually

769,500 tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled

17.6% (2022 est.)