2014 Edition

Background

A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot-occupied area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), but it is recognized only by Turkey. In February 2014, after a hiatus of nearly two years, the leaders of the two communities resumed formal discussions under UN auspices aimed at reuniting the divided island. The talks are ongoing. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government, and is suspended in the areas administered by Turkish Cypriots. However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to other citizens of European Union states.

Area

9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus) 9,241 sq km 10 sq km

total

9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)

water

10 sq km

Area - comparative

about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

Climate

temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Coastline

648 km

Elevation extremes

Mediterranean Sea 0 m Mount Olympus 1,951 m

highest point

Mount Olympus 1,951 m

lowest point

Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Environment - current issues

water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

Environment - international agreements

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands none of the selected agreements

party to

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

0.18 cu km/yr (10%/3%/86%) 164.7 cu m/yr (2009)

per capita

164.7 cu m/yr (2009)

total

0.18 cu km/yr (10%/3%/86%)

Geographic coordinates

35 00 N, 33 00 E

Geography - note

the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)

Irrigated land

457.9 sq km (2007)

Land boundaries

156 km Akrotiri 48 km, Dhekelia 108 km

border sovereign base areas

Akrotiri 48 km, Dhekelia 108 km

total

156 km

Land use

9.06% 3.54% 87.41% (2011)

arable land

9.06%

other

87.41% (2011)

permanent crops

3.54%

Location

Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

moderate earthquake activity; droughts

Natural resources

copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

Terrain

central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

Total renewable water resources

0.78 cu km (2011)

Age structure

15.7% (male 94,437/female 89,174) 15.3% (male 97,773/female 82,053) 46.9% (male 288,673/female 261,651) 10.8% (male 60,639/female 66,336) 11% (male 57,188/female 74,534) (2014 est.)

0-14 years

15.7% (male 94,437/female 89,174)

15-24 years

15.3% (male 97,773/female 82,053)

25-54 years

46.9% (male 288,673/female 261,651)

55-64 years

10.8% (male 60,639/female 66,336)

65 years and over

11% (male 57,188/female 74,534) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

11.44 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Death rate

6.57 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios

41.4 % 23.7 % 17.7 % 5.6 (2014 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

17.7 %

potential support ratio

5.6 (2014 est.)

total dependency ratio

41.4 %

youth dependency ratio

23.7 %

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2012 est.)

urban

0% of population

Education expenditures

7.3% of GDP (2010)

Ethnic groups

Greek 77%, Turkish 18%, other 5% (2001)

Health expenditures

7.4% of GDP (2011)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

fewer than 1,000 (2007 est.)

Hospital bed density

3.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

8.54 deaths/1,000 live births 10.1 deaths/1,000 live births 6.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

female

6.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

total

8.54 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filippino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

78.34 years 75.54 years 81.27 years (2014 est.)

female

81.27 years (2014 est.)

total population

78.34 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 98.7% 99.3% 98.1% (2011 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

98.1% (2011 est.)

male

99.3%

total population

98.7%

Major urban areas - population

NICOSIA (capital) 253,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

10 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

35.7 years 34.4 years 37.4 years (2014 est.)

female

37.4 years (2014 est.)

male

34.4 years

total

35.7 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.5 data cover only government-controlled areas; data are based on events and not on fertility rates (2010 est.)

Nationality

Cypriot(s) Cypriot

adjective

Cypriot

noun

Cypriot(s)

Net migration rate

9.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

25.5% (2008)

People - note

demographic data for Cyprus include the population in the government-controlled area and the area administered by Turkish Cypriots

Physicians density

2.75 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

1,172,458 (July 2014 est.)

Population growth rate

1.48% (2014 est.)

Religions

Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4%

Sanitation facility access

urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

rural

0% of population

total

0% of population (2012 est.)

urban

0% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

14 years 14 years 14 years (2011)

female

14 years (2011)

male

14 years

total

14 years

Sex ratio

1.05 male(s)/female 1.06 male(s)/female 1.19 male(s)/female 1.1 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female 0.77 male(s)/female 1.04 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

0-14 years

1.06 male(s)/female

15-24 years

1.19 male(s)/female

25-54 years

1.1 male(s)/female

55-64 years

1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.77 male(s)/female

at birth

1.05 male(s)/female

total population

1.04 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.46 children born/woman (2014 est.)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

27.8% 28.8% 26.6% (2012)

female

26.6% (2012)

total

27.8%

Urbanization

70.5% of total population (2011) 1.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

1.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

70.5% of total population (2011)

Administrative divisions

6 districts; Ammochostos (Famagusta; all but a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Keryneia (Kyrenia; the only district completely administered by Turkish Cypriots), Larnaka (Larnaca; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Lemesos (Limassol), Lefkosia (Nicosia; a small part administered by Turkish Cypriots), Pafos (Paphos); note - the five districts of Turkish Cypriot-administered part of Cyprus are Gazimagusa (Famagusta), Girne (Kyrenia), Guzelyurt (Morphou), Lefkosia (Nicosia) and Iskele (Trikomo)

Capital

Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa) 35 10 N, 33 22 E UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

geographic coordinates

35 10 N, 33 22 E

name

Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)

time difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

ratified 16 August 1960; note - in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"); in 1985, the "TRNC" approved its own constitution (2013)

Country name

Republic of Cyprus Cyprus Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti Kypros/Kibris the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" or "TRNC" (Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti or KKTC)

conventional long form

Republic of Cyprus

conventional short form

Cyprus

local long form

Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti

local short form

Kypros/Kibris

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador John M. KOENIG (since 17 August 2012) corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, 2407 Engomi, Nicosia P. O. Box 24536, 1385 Nicosia [357] (22) 393939 [357] (22) 780944

chief of mission

Ambassador John M. KOENIG (since 17 August 2012)

embassy

corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, 2407 Engomi, Nicosia

FAX

[357] (22) 780944

mailing address

P. O. Box 24536, 1385 Nicosia

telephone

[357] (22) 393939

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador George CHACALLI (since 30 May 2013) 2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 462-5772, 462-0873 [1] (202) 483-6710 New York representative of the Turkish Cypriot community in the US is Ahmet ERDENGIZ; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC; telephone [1] (202) 887-6198

chancery

2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador George CHACALLI (since 30 May 2013)

consulate(s) general

New York

FAX

[1] (202) 483-6710

telephone

[1] (202) 462-5772, 462-0873

Executive branch

President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013) Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the 1960 constitution, three of the ministerial posts are reserved for Turkish Cypriots appointed by the Vice President but the positions are currently filled by Greek Cypriots president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 17 and 24 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018) Nicos ANASTASIADES elected president; percent of vote (first round) - Nicos ANASTASIADES 45.46%, Stavros MALAS 26.91%, Giorgos LILLIKAS 24.93%, other 2.7%; (second round) Nicos ANASTASIADES 57.48%, Savros MALAS 42.52% Dervis EROGLU became "president" of the "TRNC" on 23 April 2010 after "presidential" elections on 18 April 2010; results - Dervis EROGLU 50.4%, Mehmet Ali TALAT 42.9%; Ozkan YORGANCIOGLU is "TRNC prime minister"

cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the 1960 constitution, three of the ministerial posts are reserved for Turkish Cypriots appointed by the Vice President but the positions are currently filled by Greek Cypriots

chief of state

President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot

election results

Nicos ANASTASIADES elected president; percent of vote (first round) - Nicos ANASTASIADES 45.46%, Stavros MALAS 26.91%, Giorgos LILLIKAS 24.93%, other 2.7%; (second round) Nicos ANASTASIADES 57.48%, Savros MALAS 42.52%

elections

president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 17 and 24 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018)

head of government

President Nicos ANASTASIADES (since 28 February 2013)

Flag description

white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag retains the white field of the Cyprus national flag but displays narrow horizontal red stripes positioned a small distance from the top and bottom edges between which are centered a red crescent and a red five-pointed star; the banner is modeled after the Turkish national flag but with the colors reversed

Government type

republic a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974, following a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), which is recognized only by Turkey

Independence

16 August 1960 (from the UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges including the court president); note - the highest court in the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)" is the "Supreme Court" (consists of 8 "judges" including the "court president") Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges tenure is until the age of 68; "TRNC Supreme Court" judges appointed by the "Supreme Council of Judicature", a 12-member body of "judges", the "attorney general", "appointees" - one each by the "president" of the "TRNC" and by the "Legislative Assembly", and a member elected by the Bar Association; "judge" tenure NA Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, military, and rent control; "TRNC Assize Courts"; "district and family courts"

highest court(s)

Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges including the court president); note - the highest court in the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)" is the "Supreme Court" (consists of 8 "judges" including the "court president")

judge selection and term of office

Republic of Cyprus Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Supreme Court judges; judges tenure is until the age of 68; "TRNC Supreme Court" judges appointed by the "Supreme Council of Judicature", a 12-member body of "judges", the "attorney general", "appointees" - one each by the "president" of the "TRNC" and by the "Legislative Assembly", and a member elected by the Bar Association; "judge" tenure NA

subordinate courts

Republic of Cyprus district courts; Assize Courts; specialized courts for issues relating to family, industrial disputes, military, and rent control; "TRNC Assize Courts"; "district and family courts"

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law and civil law with Greek Orthodox religious law influence

Legislative branch

unicameral - area under government control: House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: "Assembly of the Republic" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) area under government control: last held on 22 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2016); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 28 July 2013 (next to be held on July 2018) area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - DISY 34.3%, AKEL 32.7%, DIKO 15.8%, KS-EDEK 8.9%, EVROKO 3.9%, other 4.4%; seats by party - DISY 20, AKEL 19, DIKO 9, KS-EDEK 5, EVROKO 2, KOP 1; note - as of 1 January 2014, the composition of the Cypriot House of Representatives was DISY 20, AKEL 19, DIKO 8, KS-EDEK 5, EVROKO 1, SP 1, KOP 1, independent 1; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: "Assembly of the Republic" - percent of vote by party - CTP-BG 38%, UBP 27%, DP-UG 23%, TDP 7%, other 5%; seats by party - CTP-BG 21, UBP 14, DP-UG 12, TDP 3

election results

area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - DISY 34.3%, AKEL 32.7%, DIKO 15.8%, KS-EDEK 8.9%, EVROKO 3.9%, other 4.4%; seats by party - DISY 20, AKEL 19, DIKO 9, KS-EDEK 5, EVROKO 2, KOP 1; note - as of 1 January 2014, the composition of the Cypriot House of Representatives was DISY 20, AKEL 19, DIKO 8, KS-EDEK 5, EVROKO 1, SP 1, KOP 1, independent 1; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: "Assembly of the Republic" - percent of vote by party - CTP-BG 38%, UBP 27%, DP-UG 23%, TDP 7%, other 5%; seats by party - CTP-BG 21, UBP 14, DP-UG 12, TDP 3

elections

area under government control: last held on 22 May 2011 (next to be held in May 2016); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 28 July 2013 (next to be held on July 2018)

unicameral - area under government control

House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: "Assembly of the Republic" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

National anthem

"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Liberty) Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS adopted 1960; Cyprus adopted the Greek national anthem as its own; the Turkish community in Cyprus uses the anthem of Turkey

lyrics/music

Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS

name

"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Liberty)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as "Independence Day"

National symbol(s)

Cypriot mouflon (wild sheep); white dove

Political parties and leaders

Citizens' Alliance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS] Democratic Party or DIKO [Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS] Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU (Neofytou)] European Party or EVROKO [Dimitris SYLLOURIS] Ecological and Environmental Movement of KOP (Green Party) [Giorgos PERDIKIS] Movement of Social Democrats or KS-EDEK [Yiannakis OMIROU] National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU] Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Andros KYPRIANOU] Frontt for the Restoration of the Center or EPALXI [Kypros CHRYSOSTOMIDIS] United Democrats or EDI [Praxoula ANTONIADOU] Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Cemal OZYIGIT] Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP [Mehmet BIRINCI] Democrat Party- National Forces or DP-UG [Serdar DENKTAS] National Unity Party or UBP [Huseyin OZGURGUN] New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI] Republican Turkish Party-United Forces or CTP-BG [Ozkan YORGANCIOGLU] United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West) Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled) Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is

area administered by Turkish Cypriots

Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese

Budget

$8.799 billion $10.04 billion (2013 est.)

expenditures

: $10.04 billion (2013 est.)

revenues

: $8.799 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-5.7% of GDP (2013 est.)

Central bank discount rate

0.75% (31 December 2013) 1.5% (31 December 2010) this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

7% (31 December 2013 est.) 7.05% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

-$358.2 million (2013 est.) -$1.506 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$95.28 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $103.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

31 (2012 est.) 29 (2005 est.)

Economy - overview

The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by the service sector, which accounts for four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, financial services, and real estate have traditionally been the most important sectors. Cyprus has been a member of the European Union (EU) since May 2004 and adopted the euro as its national currency in January 2008. During the first five years of EU membership, the Cyprus economy grew at an average rate of about 4%, with unemployment between 2004 and 2008 averaging about 3%. An overextended banking sector with excessive exposure to Greek debt resulted in a contraction in economic growth. Two of Cyprus' biggest banks were among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and had a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Following numerous downgrades of its credit rating, Cyprus lost access to international capital markets in May 2011. The economy contracted by an accumulated 8.2% between 2009 and 2013 and is not expected to return to positive growth before 2015. Unemployment is currently over 17% and expected to reach 19% in 2014. In July 2012, Cyprus became the fifth eurozone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the "Troika". Shortly after the election of President Nicos ANASTASIADES in February 2013, Cyprus faced an economic crisis and agreed with the Troika to a $13 billion bailout that included losses on uninsured bank deposits. The bailout triggered a two-week bank closure and the imposition of capital controls, some of which remained in place through 2014. Cyprus' two largest banks merged and the combined entity was recapitalized through conversion of some large bank deposits to shares and imposition of losses on some bank bondholders. The Troika conditioned the bailout on progress in financial and structural reforms and privatization of state-owned enterprises. Cyprus has downsized and restructured its banking sector significantly. Three positive reviews by the Troika since May 2013 indicate that Cyprus’ bailout program is on track with a fourth review scheduled in May 2014. In October 2013, Cyprus completed preliminary appraisal of hydrocarbon deposits in its territorial waters, which revealed less than anticipated natural gas reserves. Additional exploration drilling is likely to continue in 2014-2015.

Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots

The market-based economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), is roughly half the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. Since its creation, the "TRNC" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey which supports the "TRNC" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services, and the "TRNC" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy through its use of the Turkish Lira. The "TRNC" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed-compared to the Republic of Cyprus-because of the lack of financial sector development, health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. $1.829 billion (2007 est.) -0.6% (2010 est.) $11,700 (2007 est.) agriculture: 8.6%, industry: 22.4%, services: 69.1% (2006 est.) 95,030 (2007 est.) agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004) 9.4% (2005 est.) %NA 11.4% (2006) revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006) citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture -0.3% (2007 est.) 998.9 million kWh (2005) 797.9 million kWh (2005) $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.) citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.) vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited $NA $NA Turkish new lira (YTL) Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.668 (2011) 1.5026 (2010) 1.55 (2009) 1.3179 (2008) 1.319 (2007)

Agriculture - products

citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb

Budget

revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006)

Currency (code)

Turkish new lira (YTL)

Debt - external

$NA

Economy - overview

The market-based economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), is roughly half the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. Since its creation, the "TRNC" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey which supports the "TRNC" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services, and the "TRNC" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy through its use of the Turkish Lira. The "TRNC" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed-compared to the Republic of Cyprus-because of the lack of financial sector development, health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island.

Electricity consumption

797.9 million kWh (2005)

Electricity production

998.9 million kWh (2005)

Exchange rates

Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.668 (2011) 1.5026 (2010) 1.55 (2009) 1.3179 (2008) 1.319 (2007)

Export - commodities

citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles

Export - partners

Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited

Exports

$68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 8.6%, industry: 22.4%, services: 69.1% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita

$11,700 (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

-0.6% (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.829 billion (2007 est.)

Import - commodities

vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery

Import - partners

Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited

Imports

$1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

-0.3% (2007 est.)

Industries

foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture

Inflation rate

11.4% (2006)

Labor force

95,030 (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5% (2004)

Population below poverty line

%NA

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$NA

Unemployment rate

9.4% (2005 est.)

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports

$2.42 billion (2013 est.) $2.602 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing

Exports - partners

Greece 23%, UK 10.1% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

67.2% 20.1% 10.5% -4.8% 45.5% -38.5% (2013 est.)

exports of goods and services

45.5%

government consumption

20.1%

household consumption

67.2%

imports of goods and services

-38.5%

investment in fixed capital

10.5%

investment in inventories

-4.8%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

2.4% 15.9% 81.7% (2013 est.)

agriculture

2.4%

industry

15.9%

services

81.7% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$24,500 (2013 est.) $27,200 (2012 est.) $28,200 (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-8.7% (2013 est.) -2.4% (2012 est.) 0.5% (2011 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$21.78 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$21.62 billion (2013 est.) $23.68 billion (2012 est.) $24.27 billion (2011 est.) data are in 2013 US dollars

Gross national saving

8.4% of GDP (2013 est.) 6.6% of GDP (2012 est.) 14.2% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

NA% NA%

highest 10%

NA%

lowest 10%

NA%

Imports

$4.747 billion (2013 est.) $6.755 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, machinery, transport equipment

Imports - partners

Greece 21.6%, Israel 11.9%, Italy 8.3%, UK 7.3%, Germany 7.1%, Netherlands 6.7%, France 6%, China 4.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

-3.5% (2013 est.)

Industries

tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone and clay products

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.2% (2013 est.) $NA (2012 est.)

Labor force

443,500 (2013 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

8.5% 20.5% 71% (2006 est.)

agriculture

8.5%

industry

20.5%

services

71% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$1.996 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $2.853 billion (31 December 2011) $NA (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

113.1% of GDP (2013 est.) 85.8% of GDP (2012 est.) data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$853 million (31 December 2013 est.) $1.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$46.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $50.06 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$12.11 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $11.16 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$28.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $26.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$50.39 billion (31 December 2013 est.) $54.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$14.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $14.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.) see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

40.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate

17.4% (2013 est.) 11.9% (2012 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

9.503 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Crude oil - production

8.47 bbl/day (2012 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption

4.356 billion kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

94.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

5.8% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.493 million kW (2012 est.)

Electricity - production

4.443 billion kWh (2012 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2011 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

58,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

58,310 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Broadcast media

mixture of state and privately run TV and radio services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private radio stations are available; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, and privately owned TV and radio broadcast stations (2007)

Internet country code

.cy

Internet hosts

252,013 (2012)

Internet users

433,900 (2009)

Telephone system

excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)

domestic

open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay

general assessment

excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots

international

country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)

Telephones - main lines in use

373,200 (2012)

Telephones - mobile cellular

1.11 million (2012)

Airports

15 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

2

2,438 to 3,047 m

7

914 to 1,523 m

3

total

13

under 914 m

1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

2 (2013)

total

2

Heliports

9 (2013)

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 278, cargo 163, chemical tanker 77, container 201, liquefied gas 11, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 25, petroleum tanker 62, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 9, vehicle carrier 4 622 (Angola 1, Austria 1, Belgium 3, Bermuda 1, Canada 2, China 6, Denmark 6, Estonia 6, France 16, Germany 192, Greece 201, Hong Kong 2, India 4, Iran 10, Ireland 3, Italy 6, Japan 16, Netherlands 23, Norway 14, Philippines 1, Poland 24, Portugal 2, Russia 46, Singapore 1, Slovenia 5, Spain 6, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UAE 3, UK 7, Ukraine 3, US 5) 152 (Bahamas 23, Cambodia 4, Comoros 2, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 3, Hong Kong 3, Liberia 9, Malta 32, Marshall Islands 40, Norway 1, Panama 5, Russia 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Sierra Leone 2, Singapore 6, unknown 4) (2010)

foreign-owned

622 (Angola 1, Austria 1, Belgium 3, Bermuda 1, Canada 2, China 6, Denmark 6, Estonia 6, France 16, Germany 192, Greece 201, Hong Kong 2, India 4, Iran 10, Ireland 3, Italy 6, Japan 16, Netherlands 23, Norway 14, Philippines 1, Poland 24, Portugal 2, Russia 46, Singapore 1, Slovenia 5, Spain 6, Sweden 5, Turkey 1, UAE 3, UK 7, Ukraine 3, US 5)

registered in other countries

152 (Bahamas 23, Cambodia 4, Comoros 2, Finland 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 3, Hong Kong 3, Liberia 9, Malta 32, Marshall Islands 40, Norway 1, Panama 5, Russia 13, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3, Sierra Leone 2, Singapore 6, unknown 4) (2010)

total

838

Ports and terminals

area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia

major seaport(s)

area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia

Roadways

20,006 km 13,006 km (includes 2,277 km of expressways) 8,564 km 4,442 km 7,000 km (2011)

paved

8,564 km

total

20,006 km

Turkish Cypriot control

7,000 km (2011)

unpaved

4,442 km

Manpower available for military service

327,875 287,891 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

287,891 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

327,875

Manpower fit for military service

275,842 239,862 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

239,862 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

275,842

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

8,167 7,398 (2010 est.)

female

7,398 (2010 est.)

male

8,167

Military branches

Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF; includes naval and air elements); Northern Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK) (2014)

Republic of Cyprus

Cypriot National Guard (Ethniki Froura, EF; includes naval and air elements); Northern Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK) (2014)

Military expenditures

2.05% of GDP (2012) 2.14% of GDP (2011) 2.05% of GDP (2010) (U)

Military service age and obligation

Cypriot National Guard (CNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; length of service obligation is 24 months (2014)

Cypriot National Guard (CNG)

18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; length of service obligation is 24 months (2014)

Disputes - international

hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the European Union still divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the north; Turkey protests Cypriot Government creating hydrocarbon blocks and maritime boundary with Lebanon in March 2007

Illicit drugs

minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to money laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sector remains weak (2008)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

208,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2012)

IDPs

208,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2012)