1984 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — potatoes and other vegetables, grapes, citrus fruit, wheat, carob beans, olives

Airfields

13 total, 12 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 1 with runways 1,2202,439 m

Area

9,251 km2; 60% arable (including permanent crop); 25% waste, urban areas, and other; 15% forest pasture Water

Branches

currently the Government of Cyprus has effective authority over only the Greek Cypriot community, as provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprising Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots declared their own "constitution" and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" in 1975 ("legislature" was "Turkish Cypriot Legislative Assembly," which was dissolved in late 1983); "state" renamed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; the Turkish Cypriots are currently forming a consultative assembly that will devise a new constitution for the Turkish sector and prepare elections for a new executive and legislature

Cyprus National Guard; Turkish sector — Turkish Cypriot Security Force

Budget

(1982 est.) revenues $527.7 million, expenditures $625.2 million, deficit $99.1 million

Capital

Nicosia

Civil air

1 major transport aircraft

Coastline

approximately 648 km People

Communists

about 12,000

Creek Sector labor force

240,900 (1982); 42% services, 33% industry, 22% agriculture, 3.1% unemployed Government

Elections

officially every five years (last presidential election held in February 1983); parliamentary elections held in May 1981; Turkish sector "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections held in June 1981 Political parties and leaders: Greek Cypriot— Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DESY), Glaf kos Clerides; Democratic Party (DEKO), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; New Democratic Movement (NDP), Alecos Michaelides; Center Union Party (CUP), Tassos Papadopoulos; PanCyprian Renewal Party (PAME), Khrysostomos Sofianos; Turkish sector — National Unity Party (NUP), none; Communal Liberation Party (CLP), Alpay Durduran; Republican Turkish Party (RTP), Ozker Ozgur; other minor parties

Electric power

620,000 kW capacity (1983); 1.364 billion kWh produced (1983), 2,090 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% Armenian, Maronite, and other Religion:78% Greek Orthodox; 18% Muslim; 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other

Exports

$554.3 million (f.o.b., 1982); principal items — food and beverages, including citrus, raisins, potatoes and wine; also cement and clothing

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

GNP

$2.172 billion (1982), $3,342 per capita; 1982 est. real growth rate 3.8%

Government leaders

Spyros KYPRIANOU, President; Turkish Sector: Rauf DENKTASH, "President"

Highways

10,778 km total; 5,169 km bituminous surface treated; 5,609 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

Imports

$1.212 billion (c.i.f., 1982); principal items — manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, food

Language

Greek, Turkish, English

Legal system

based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm

Literacy

about 89%

Major industries

mining (iron pyrites, gypsum, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption — beverages, footwear, clothing, cement

Major trade partners

imports (1982) — 12.7% UK, 10.3% Italy, 9.1% Iraq, 9.0% Japan; exports (1982)— 20.4% UK, 12.2% Lebanon, 9.3% Saudi Arabia, 6.8% Iraq

Member of

Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO; Turkish Federated State of CyprusQIC (observer) Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983, $23.0 million; about 4.6% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 179,000; 125,000 fit for military service; about 5,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

.56 Cyprus pound=US$l (4 January 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 October

Nationality

noun — Cypriot(s); adjective — Cypriot

Official name

Republic of Cyprus

Other political or pressure groups

United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; proWest); PanCyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; proWest); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)

Political subdivisions

6 administrative districts

Population

662,000 (July 1984), average annual growth rate 1.3%

Ports

3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish Cypriot control

Railroads

none

Suffrage

universal age 21 and over

Telecommunications

moderately good telecommunication system in both Greek and Turkish sectors; 1 13,400 telephones (17.9 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 6 FM, and 30 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna Defense Forces

Turkis h Sector imports

$107.6 million (c.i.f., 1981); principal items — foodstuffs, raw materials, fuels, machinery

Turkish Sector budget

(1981) revenues $46.7 million, expenditures $64.9 million, deficit $18.2 million

Turkish Sector exports

$37.5 million (f.o.b., 1981); principal items — citrus fruits, potatoes, metal pipes, and pyrites

Turkish Sector GDP

$237 million (1981 prov.), $1,558 per capita

Turkish Sector major trade partners

imports (1981 prov.)— 41.6% Turkey, 20.6% UK, 7.3% FRG, 6.0% Italy; exports (1981 prov.)— 53.1% UK, 20.6% Turkey, 12.2% Syria, 3.6% Lebanon

Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate

162.55 Turkish liras=US$l (1982 average)

Type

republic; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control over the northern 37 percent of the republic; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983, Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf Denktash declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which has been recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government

Voting strength

in the 1983 presidential election, incumbent Spyros Kyprianou retained his position by winning 56% of the vote; in the 1981 parliamentary election, the proWestern Democratic Rally and Communist AKEL each received 12 of the 35 seats; Kyprianou 's center-right Democratic Party received eight seats; and socialist EDEK won three seats; in "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections in the Turkish Cypriot sector, Rauf Denktash won with 52 percent of the vote; his party (NUP) had 18 of 40 seats in the "Assembly," while the center-left CLP had 12 seats and the RTP had 6 seats; the remainder were divided among the other parties