1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — groundnuts, millet, sorghum, rice, maize, palm kernels, cotton

food deficit area; main crops — potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats

main crops — grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient

main crop — cocoa; others include root crops, corn, sorghum, millet, coffee, peanuts; not self-sufficient but can become so

Aid

economic commitments — Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF (1970-83), $237 million; US(FY70-84), $49 million

donor — ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-83), $41.1 billion

Airfields

79 total, 73 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

1 usable with permanent-surface runways 2,440-3,659 m

477 total, 440 usable; 232 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m, 33 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

10 total, 9 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie

Cabinet of 13 members; unicameral legislative branch (43-member parliament), in which four seats are reserved for tribal chiefs, four are government appointed, 35 are filled by election for fiveyear terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an appointed member; independent judiciary

Army, paramilitary Gendarmerie

unicameral legislature (People's Chamber — Volkskammer, elected directly); executive (Council of State, Council of Ministers); judiciary (Supreme Court); entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party

National People's Army, Border Troops, Ministry of State Security Guard Regiment, Air and Air Defense Command, People's Navy

bicameral parliament — Bundesrat (Federal Council, upper house), Bundestag (National Assembly, lower house); President (titular head of state), Chancellor (executive head of government); independent judiciary

Army, Navy, Air Force

executive authority vested in seven-member Provisional National Defense Council (PNDC); on 21 January 1982 PNDC appointed secretaries to head most ministries

Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Palace Guard, paramilitary People's Militia

Budget

(1982) revenues, $1.4 billion; current expenditures, $0.5 billion; capital expenditures, $0.6 billion

(1982-83 est.) revenues $44.2 million, current expenditures $34.90 miliion, development expenditures $19.7 million

(1984) federal government expenditures, $89 billion; revenues, $57 billion; deficit, $10 billion

revenues, $1.8 billion; expenditures and net lending, $3.5 billion (1981/82)

Capital

Banjul

East Berlin (not officially recognized by US, UK, and France, which together with the USSR have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin)

Bonn

Accra

Civil air

12 major transport aircraft

no major transport aircraft

194 major transport aircraft

1 major transport aircraft

CNP

$163.7 billion (1984), $9,800 per capita; 1984 growth rate 3.0%

Coastline

80 km People

901 km (including islands) People

1,488 km (approx.) People

539 km

Communists

no Communist party

2. 195 million party members (1986)

about 40,000 members and supporters

a small number of Communists and sympathizers

Crude steel

7.6 million metric tons produced (1984), approx. 455 kg per capita (1984)

60 million metric tons capacity (est); 39.4 million metric tons produced (1984), 645 kg per capita

Elections

general election held May 1982

national every five years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; German Democratic Republic (continued) more candidates than offices available; parliamentary election held 14 June 1981, and local elections held 6 May 1984; next parliamentary election scheduled for 8 June 1986 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party of Germany (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; four token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasants' Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front

national election generally held every four years; last held on 6 March 1983; next scheduled for January 1987 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Stoltenberg, Ernst Albrecht, Alfred Dregger, Lothar Spaeth; Christian Social Union (CSU), FranzJosef Strauss, Gerold Tandler, Heiner Geissler, Walter Wollman, Kurt Biedenkopf, Friedrich Zimmermann, Theo Waigel; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Martin Bangemann, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Wolfgang Mischnick, Helmut Haussmann; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans-Jochen Vogel, Johannes Rau, Hans Apel, Horst Ehmke, Hans Koschnik; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies; Green Party (Greens), Rainer Trampert, Otto Schily, Lukas Beckmann, Joschka Fischer

elections held in June 1979 for parliament and president; presidential runoff election held in July; none scheduled since 1981 coup Political parties and leaders: political parties outlawed after 31 December 1981 coup

Electric power

29,600 kW capacity (1985); 64 million kWh produced (1985), 85 kWh per capita

(including East Berlin) 23,240,000 kW capacity (1985); 114.7 billion kWh produced (1985), 6,870 kWh per capita

(including West Berlin) 96,228,000 kW capacity (1985); 401.94 billion kWh produced (1985), 6,595 kWh per capita

1,200,000 kW capacity (1985); 2.628 billion kWh produced (1985), 200 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

99% African (42% Mandinka, 18% Fula, 16% Wolof, 10% Jola, 9% Serahuli, 3% other); 1% non-Gambian

99.7% German, 0.3% Slavic and other

primarily German; Danish minority

99.8% black African (ma jor tribes Akan, Ewe, Ga), 0.2% European and other

Exports

$59 million (f.o.b., FY85 est.) peanuts and peanut products, fish, palm kernels

$25.18 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1984)

$171 billion (f.o.b., 1984); manufactures 85.2% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.5%, fuels 3.2%, raw materials 2.8%, other 3.2%

$856.9 million (f.o.b., 1982); cocoa (about 60%), wood, gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance-of-payments data)

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

same as calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 9,600 metric tons (1983)

catch 299,463 metric tons (1984)

catch 293,170 metric tons, $112.1 million (1984); exports $192 million, imports $589 million (1984)

catch 241,000 metric tons (1982)

Freight carried

rail — 338 million metric tons, 56.654 billion metric ton/km (1984); highway — 560.7 million metric tons, 14.491 billion metric ton/km (1984); waterway — 18.7 million metric tons, 2.642 billion metric ton/km (excluding international transit traffic) (1984)

GDP

$125 million (1984), about $170 per capita; real growth rate -7.8% (FY84)

GNP

$616.1 billion (1984), $10,670 per capita (1982); 56.3% private consumption, 20.2% investment, 20% public consumption, 0.6% inventory change, 2.9% net foreign balance; real growth rate 2.7%

$10.5 billion (1982 est); real growth rate -7.2% (1982 est.)

Government leader

Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA, President (since February 1970) Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), secretary general, Dawda K. Jawara; National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff Dibba

Fit. Lt. (Ret.) Jerry John RAWLINGS, Chairman of PNDC (since December 1981)

Government leaders

Erich HONECKER, Chairman, Council of State (Head of State; since October 1976); Willi STOPH, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier; since October 1976)

Richard von WEIZSACKER, President (since July 1984); Dr. Helmut KOHL, Chancellor (since October 1982)

Highways

7,393 km total; 300 km paved, 3,493 km gravel and improved, 3,600 km unimproved

3,083 km total; 431 km paved, 501 km gravel/laterite, and 2,151 km unimproved earth

120,433 km total; 47,380 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,887 km are autobahn and limited access roads; over 73,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1983)

466,305 km total; 169,568 km classified, includes 6,435 km autobahn, 32,460km national highways (Bundesstrassen), 65,425 km state highways (Landesstrassen), 65,248 km county roads (Kreisstrassen); 296,737 km of unclassified communal roads (Gemeindestrassen)

32,250 km total; 6,084 km concrete or bituminous surface, 26,166 km gravel or laterite

Imports

$73 million (f.o.b., FY85 est.); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products, chemicals

$22.97 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1984)

$153 billion (c.i.f., 1984); manufactures 55.9%, fuels 20.4%, agricultural products 12.2%, raw materials 8.7%, other 2.8%

$668.7 million (f.o.b., 1982); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment

Infant mortality rate

250/1,000 (1984)

10/1,000(1984)

11/1,000(1983)

97/1,000(1983)

Inland waterways

approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable

400 km

2,319 km (1984)

5,222 km, of which almost 70% usable by craft of 990-metric-ton capacity or larger

Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways

Labor force

165,000 (1983 est.); 75.0% agriculture; 18.9% industry, commerce, and services; 6.1% government

8.916 million; 37.9% industry, 20.8% services, 10.1% commerce, 10.8% agriculture, 7.4% transport and communications, 6.9% construction, 3.1% handicrafts, 3.0% other (1984)

27.612 million (1984); 41.6% industry, 34.7% services and other, 18.2% trade and transport, 5.4% agriculture (February 1985)

3.7 million; 54.7% agriculture and fishing; 18.7% industry; 15.2% sales and clerical; 7.7% services, transportation, and communications; 3.7% professional; 400,000 unemployed

Land boundaries

740 km Water

2,309 km Water

4,232 km Water

2,285 km Water

Language

English (official); Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

German, Serbian

German

English (official); African languages include 44% Akan, 16% MoleDag"bani, 13% Ewe, and 8% Ga-Adangbe

Legal system

based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; constitution came into force upon independence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle, and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted in 1968 and amended in 1974 and 1979

civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on English common law and customary law; legal education at University of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

42

men 68.8, women 74.7

men 67.2, women 73.4

49

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

200 nm

12 nm (200 nm fishing zone)

3 nm — the FRG territorial sea extends at one point to 16 nautical miles in the Helgolander Bucht; (fishing to median lines)

20C nm People

Literacy

about 15%

99%

99%

30%

Major industries

peanut processing, tourism, brewing, soft drinks, agricultural machinery assembly, small woodworking and metalworking, clothing

metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, shipbuilding

among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles, machine tools Germany, Federal Republic of (continued) Ghana

mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, fishing, aluminum

Major trade partners

exports — mainly EC, Africa; imports — EC, Africa

65.7% Socialist countries, 29.6% developed West, 4.7% less developed countries

(1984) EC 47.8% (France 11.6%, Netherlands 10.3%, UK 8%, Italy 7.8%, Belgium-Luxembourg 6.8%), other Europe 16.7%, less developed countries 14.5%, US 8.4%, Communist 6.5%, OPEC 5.7%

UK, EC, US

Member of

Af BD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDE— Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, IRC, ITU, NAM, OAU, QIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO Economy

CEMA, IAEA, ICES, ILO, IMO, IPU, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EIB, ELDO, EMS, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Af DB, Commonwealth, EGA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IRC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, World Confederation of Labor, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $73.4 million; 4.9% of central government budget The Gambia Nonh Atltnlic Octtn F.nt«nni Georgetown •/8»t-, SintiJ Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative S». rtfion.lm.pVII Land 1 1,295 km2; twice the size of Delaware; 55% upland cultivable, built on, and other; 25% uncultivated savanna; 16% swamp; 4% forest park

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $2.4 million; 6.2% of central government budget; includes fire and police expenditures Schwerin The final borders of ^»^ Wittenbttrg* ^Schwedt Germany have r been established CI3UI ^^ VVIUVIIUtnyw 9 rr^' C \ -""• _. ? EUenhuttenstadt Sef refinnal map V Land 108,178 km2; the size of Virginia; 43% arable, 27% forest, 15% meadow and pasture, 15% other

announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1986, 14.05 billion marks; 5.79% of total budget Germany, Federal Republic of 200km The final borders of Germany have not been established Sec regional map V Land 248,577 km2 (including West Berlin); the size of Wyoming; 33% cultivated, 29% forest, 23% meadow and pasture, 13% waste or urban, 2% inland water

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $21.2 billion; 22.4% of the proposed central government budget Seerecional mtp VII Gulf of Guinea Land 238,538 km2; slightly smaller than Oregon 60% forest and brush, 19% agricultural, 21 other

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1984, $75.8 million; 5.5% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 241,000; 125,000 fit for military service; 7,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 172,000; 88,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 4,299,000; 3,447,000 fit for military service; 121,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 16,488,000; 13,769,000 fit for military service; 522,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 2,917,000; 1,624,000 fit for military service; 140,000 reach military age (18) annually

Monetary conversion rate

475 Communaute Financiere Af ricaine (CFA) francs=US$l (1985)

1 dalasi= US$0.28 (October 1985) German Democratic Republic 218Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communications

2.45 ostmarks=US$l (January 1986)

2.64 marks= US$1 (October 1985)

50 cedis=US$l (December 1984)

National holiday

Independence Day, 18 February

Foundation of German Democratic Republic, 7 October

Independence Day, 6 March

Nationality

noun — Gambian(s); adjective — Cambian

noun — German(s); adjective — German

noun — German(s); adjective — German

noun — Ghanaian(s); adjective — Ghanaian

Natural resources

fish

lignite coal, potash, uranium, copper, natural gas

iron, coal, potash

gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish

Official name

Republic of The Gambia

German Democratic Repub-

Federal Republic of Germany

Republic of Ghana

Organized labor

25-30% of wage labor force at most Government

87.7% of total labor force Government

28% of total labor force; 35% of wage and salary earners (1984) Government

467,000 or approximately 13% of labor force Government

Other political or pressure groups

expellee, refugee, and veterans groups

Other special interest groups

Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's League, Cultural League of the German Democratic Republic (all Communist dominated)

Pipelines

crude oil, 270 km

oil, 1,301 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas 1,700 km

crude oil, 2,343 km; refined products, 3,389 km; natural gas, 95,414 km

refined products, 3 km

Political subdivisions

Banjul and five divi-

(excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,600 communities (Gemeinden)

10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by US, UK, and France; Eastern sector by USSR; the four countries share special rights and responsibilities in Berlin

8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts

Population

774,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 2.9%

16,692,000, including East Berlin (July 1986), average annual growth rate

60,734,000, including West Berlin (July 1986), average annual growth rate —0.4%

13,552,000 (July 1986),averai annual growth rate 4.1%

Ports

2 major (Owendo and Port-Gentil), 3 minor

1 major (Banjul)

4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor; principal inland waterway ports are E. Berlin, Riesa, Magdeburg, and Eisenhttenstadt

10 major, 1 1 minor

2 major (Tema, Takoradi)

Railroads

970 km 1.437-meter standard gauge under construction; 338 km are completed

none

14,226 km total (1984); 13,933 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (1984), 293 km 1.000-meter or other narrow gauge, 3,830 (est.) km 1.435-meter double track standard gauge; 2,321 km overhead electrified (1984)

32,555 km total; 28,533 km 1.435meter government owned, standard gauge, 12,491 km double track; 1 1,272 km electrified; 4,022 km nongovernment owned; 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 214 km electrified, 424 km 1.000-meter gauge; 186 km electrified

953 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 32 km double track; diesel locomotives gradually replacing steam engines

Religion

90% Muslim, 9% Christian, 1% indigenous beliefs

47% Protestant, 7% Roman Catholic, 46% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics active participants

45% Roman Catholic, 44% Protestant, 11% other

38% indigenous beliefs, 30% Mu lim, 24% Christian, 8% other

Shortages

grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef, coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals

fats and oils, pulses, tropical products, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur

Suffrage

universal adult over 21

all citizens age 18 and over

universal over age 18

none

Telecommunications

adequate system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; 13,800 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 6 FM, 8 TV stations; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite stations Defense Forces

adequate network of radio relay and wire; 3,500 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 2 FM, 3 AM , no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

3.527 million telephones in use (1984) Defense Forces

highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 35. 1 million telephones (57. 1 per 100 popl.); 96 AM, 432 FM, and 5,995 TV stations; 6 submarine coaxial cables; 2 satellite stations with total of 8 antennas Defense Forces

fair system of openwire and cable, radio-relay links; 68,900 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

Type

republic; independent since February 1965; The Gambia and Senegal in early 1982 formed a loose confederation of Senegambia, which calls for the integration of their armed forces and, eventually, their monetary union

Communist state

federal republic

republic; 31 December 1981 coup ended two-year-old civilian government and suspended constitution and political activity

Voting strength

PPP 27 seats, NCP 4 seats, others 4 seats

1981 parliamentary elections and 1984 local elections; over 99% voted the regime slate

(1983 election) 48.8% CDU/CSU (CDU 38.2%, CSU 10.6%), 38.2% SPD, 6.9% FDP, 5.6% Greens, .5% other