1982 Edition
CIA World Factbook 1982 (Wikisource)
Geography
Area
114,478 km²; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested WATER
Coastline
3,735 km
Limits of territorial waters (claimed)
12 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)
People and Society
Ethnic divisions
51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese
Labor force
2.9 million in 1978; 33% agriculture, 17% industry, 9% construction, 7% transportation, 32% services, 2% unemployed
Language
Spanish
Literacy
about 96%
Nationality
noun—Cuban(s); adjective—Cuban
Population
9,771,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.8%
Religion
at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power
Government
Branches
executive; legislature (National People's Assembly); controlled judiciary
Capital
Havana
Communists
approx. 400,000 party members
Elections
National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1981 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raúl Castro Ruz
Government leader
President Fidel CASTRO Ruz
Legal system
based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effecton 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on 2 December1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Member of
CEMA, ECLA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), IAEA, ICAO, IFAD, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line—Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS (nonparticipant), PAHO, Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO
National holiday
Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 January
Official name
Republic of Cuba
Political subdivisions
14 provinces and 169 municipalities
Suffrage
universal, but not compulsory, over age 16
Type
Communist state
Economy
Agriculture
main crops—sugar, tobacco, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits, coffee
Aid
from US (FY46-61), $41.5 million (loans $37.5 million, grants $4.0 million); economic aid (1960-78) from USSR, $5.7 billion in economic credit and $11.0 billion in subsidies; military assistance from the USSR (1959-78), $1.6 billion Budget: $13.4 billion (1980)
Crude steel
313,500 metric tons produced (1979); 30 kg per capita
Electric power
2,870,000 kW capacity (1981); 10.1 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,029 kWh per capita
Exports
$5.6 billion (f.o.b., 1980); sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco
Fiscal year
calendar year
Fishing
catch 186,000 metric tons (1980); exports $127million (1980)
GDP
$13.3 billion (1978 est., in 1978 prices), $1,360 per capita; real growth rate 1978, 4.0%
Imports
$6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1980); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum
Major industries
sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals
Major trade partners
exports—57% USSR, 13% other Communist countries; imports—62% USSR, 16% other Communist countries (1980 prelim.)
Monetary conversion rate
1 peso=US$1.41 (nominal; 1980)
Shortages
spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods
Communications
Airfields
202 total, 195 usable; 58 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Civil air
48 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in
Highways
21,000 km total; 9,000 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced
Inland waterways
240 km
Pipelines
natural gas, 80 km
Ports
8 major (including US Naval Base at Guantanamo), 44 minor
Railroads
14,725 km total, government owned; 5,070 km common-carrier lines of which 4,990 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 80 km 0.914-meter gauge; about 9,655 km plantation/industrial lines, 6,455 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 3,200 km narrow gauge
Military and Security
Military budget
for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $1,112 billion; about 7,5% of total budget
Military manpower
eligible 15-49, 5,079,000; of the 2,575,000 males 15-49, 1,621,000 are fit for military service; 120,000 males and 114,000 females reach military age (17) annually