1981 Edition

Area

114,478 km2; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested

9,251 km2; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other

Budget

$13.4 billion (1980)

Coastline

3,735 km

approximately 648 km

Fiscal year

calendar year

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone)

12 nm

Monetary conversion rate

1 peso=US$1.41 (nominal; 1980)

Ethnic divisions

51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese

78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other

Greek Sector labor force

180,700 (1980), 42% services; 33% industry; 25% agriculture; 2.1% unemployed

Labor force

2.9 million in 1978; 33% agriculture, 17% industry, 9% construction, 7% transportation, 32% services, 2% unemployed

Language

Spanish

Greek, Turkish, English

Literacy

about 96%

about 89% of population 15 years or older, 99% of population aged 15-39

Nationality

noun — Cuban(s); adjective — Cuban

noun — Cypriot(s); adjective — Cypriot

Population

9,771,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.8%

642,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 1.0%

Religion

at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power

78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other

Branches

executive; legislature (National People's Assembly); controlled judiciary

currently the Government of Cyprus has effective authority over only the Greek Cypriot community, consisting of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "constitution" and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"

Capital

Havana

Nicosia CYPRUS (Continued)

Communists

approx. 400,000 party members

12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000

Elections

National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1981 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz

officially every five years (next presidential elections to be held in 1983); parliamentary elections held in May 1981; Turkish Cypriot "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections held in June 1981 Political parties and leaders: Greek Sector: Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL; Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DS), Glafkos Clerides; Democratic Party (DK), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; New Democratic Movement (NDP), Alecos Michaelides; New Union of the Center, Tassos Papadopoulos; Pancyprian Renewal Party (FAME), Khrysostomos Sofianos; Turkish

Government leader

President Fidel CASTRO Ruz

Government leaders

President Spyros KYPRIANOU; elected Interim President in September 1977 to serve out the remainder of the term of Archbishop Makarios, who died on 3 August 1977, and elected President in his own right by acclamation in February 1978; Turkish Sector: "President" Rauf DENKTASH; "Prime Minister" Mustafa CAGATAY

Legal system

based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on 2 December 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently

Member of

CEMA, ECLA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), IAEA, ICAO, IFAD, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, ITU, IWC — International Wheat Council, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line — Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS (nonparticipant), PAHO, Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO

Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 January

Independence Day, 1 October

Official name

Republic of Cuba

Republic of Cyprus

Other political or pressure groups

United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA; Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; proWest); Pan Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK; proWest); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)

Political subdivisions

14 provinces and 169 municipalities

6 administrative districts

Sector

National Unity Party (UBP), Mustafa Cagatay; Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Alpay Durduran; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker Ozgur; Democratic People's Party (DHP), Nejat Konuk; Turkish Unity Party (TBP), Ismail Tezer Voting strength (1981 elections): in the parliamentary elections pro-Western Democratic Rally and Communist AKEL each received 12 of the 35 seats; Kyprianou 's centerright Democratic Party received eight seats; and socialist EDEK won three seats; in "presidential" and "parliamentary" elections in the Turkish Cypriot sector, Rauf Denktash won with 52 percent of the vote; his party (UBP) received 18 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" while the center-left TKP won 13 seats; the remainder were divided among the other parties

Suffrage

universal, but not compulsory, over age 16

universal age 21 and over

Type

Communist state

republic since August 1960; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control over the northern 37 percent of the republic; in 1975 the Turkish Cypriots declared a separate Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, although Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; negotiations, which aim at finding a mutually agreeable solution to intercommunal differences, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government

Agriculture

main crops — sugar, tobacco, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits, coffee

main crops — potatoes, grapes, citrus fruit, grains

Aid

from US (FY46-61), $41.5 million (loans $37.5 million, grants $4.0 million); economic aid (1960-78) from USSR, $5.7 billion in economic credit and $11.0 billion in subsidies; military assistance from the USSR (1959-78), $1.6 billion

Budget

(1980 est.) revenues $489.7 million, expenditures $582.7 million, deficit $93.0 million

Crude steel

313,500 metric tons produced (1979); 30 kg per capita

Electric power

2,870,000 kW capacity (1981); 10.1 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,029 kWh per capita

500,000 kW capacity (1981); 1,042 billion kWh produced (1981), 1,654 kWh per capita

Exports

$5.6 billion (f.o.b., 1980); sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco

$532.8 million (f.o.b., 1980); principal items — food and beverages including citrus, raisins, potatoes and wine, also cement and clothing

Fiscal year

calendar year

Fishing

catch 186,000 metric tons (1980); exports $127million (1980)

GDP

$13.3 billion (1978 est, in 1978 prices), $1,360 per capita; real growth rate 1978, 4.0%

GNP

$2,165 million (1980, est), $4,223 per capita; 1980 est. real growth rate 4.2%

Imports

$6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1980); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum

$1,214 million (c.i.f., 1980); principal items — manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, food

Major industries

sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals

mining (iron pyrites, gypsum, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption — beverages, footwear, clothing, cement

Major trade partners

exports — 57% USSR, 13% other Communist countries; imports — 62% USSR, 16% other Communist countries (1980 prelim.)

imports (1980)— 15.4% UK, 0.8% Italy, 10.1% Iraq, 7.6% West Germany, 7.0% Greece; exports (1980)— 20.7% UK, 7.7% Saudi Arabia, 6.8% Syria, 9.9% Lebanon, 8.2% Libya

Monetary conversion rate

1 Cyprus pound=US$2.834 (1980 average)

Shortages

spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods

Turkish Sector budget

(1980 prelim.) revenues $33.1 million, expenditures $62.0 million, deficit $28.9 million

Turkish Sector exports

$40.2 million (f.o.b., 1979); principal items — citrus fruits, potatoes, metal pipes and pyrites

Turkish Sector GNP

$200.7 million (1978), $1,580 per capita

Turkish Sector imports

$107.5 million (c.i.f., 1979); principal items are foodstuffs, raw materials, fuels, machinery

Turkish Sector major trade partners

imports (1979) — 43% Turkey, 21.2% UK, 7% Italy, 6.6% West Germany, 2.7% France; exports (1979)— 66.4% UK, 21% Turkey, 3.7% West Germany

Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate

76.04 Turkish lira=US$l (1980 average)

Airfields

202 total, 195 usable; 58 with permanentsurface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES

Civil air

48 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased in

Highways

21,000 km total; 9,000 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced

Inland waterways

240 km

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $1.112 billion; about 7.5% of total budget

Military manpower

eligible 15-49, 5,079,000; of the 2,575,000 males 15-49, 1,621,000 are fit for military service; 120,000 males and 114,000 females reach military age (17) annually

Pipelines

natural gas, 80 km

Ports

8 major (including US Naval Base at Guantanamo), 44 minor

Railroads

14,725 km total, government owned; 5,070 km common-carrier lines of which 4,990 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 80 km 0.914-meter gauge; about 9,655 km plantation/industrial lines, 6,455 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 3,200 km narrow gauge