2019 Edition

Background

The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics under the strong hand of Marshal Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Yugoslav forces, dominated by Serb officers, were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013.

Area

Land

55,974 sq km

Total

56,594 sq km

Water

620 sq km

Area Comparative

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Climate

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Coastline

5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Elevation

Highest Point

Dinara 1,831 m

Lowest Point

Adriatic Sea 0 m

Mean Elevation

331 m

Environment Current Issues

air pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin

Environment International Agreements

Party To

Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed But Not Ratified

none of the selected agreements

Geographic Coordinates

45 10 N, 15 30 E

Geography Note

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Irrigated Land

240 sq km (2012)

Land Boundaries

Border Countries

Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km, Hungary 348 km, Montenegro 19 km, Serbia 314 km, Slovenia 600 km

Total

2,237 km

Land Use

Agricultural Land

23.7% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Arable Land

16% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Crops

1.5% (2011 est.)

Agricultural Land Permanent Pasture

6.2% (2011 est.)

Forest

34.4% (2011 est.)

Other

41.9% (2011 est.)

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Map References

Europe

Maritime Claims

Continental Shelf

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Territorial Sea

12 nm

Natural Hazards

destructive earthquakes

Natural Resources

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Population Distribution

more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated

Terrain

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Age Structure

0 14 Years

14.21% (male 312,805 /female 293,931)

15 24 Years

11.09% (male 242,605 /female 230,853)

25 54 Years

40.15% (male 858,025 /female 856,455)

55 64 Years

14.65% (male 304,054 /female 321,543)

65 Years And Over

19.91% (male 342,025 /female 508,184) (2018 est.)

Birth Rate

8.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

7.2% (2016)

Death Rate

12.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency Ratios

Elderly Dependency Ratio

28.5 (2015 est.)

Potential Support Ratio

3.5 (2015 est.)

Total Dependency Ratio

50.9 (2015 est.)

Youth Dependency Ratio

22.4 (2015 est.)

Drinking Water Source

Improved Rural

99.7% of population

Improved Total

99.6% of population

Improved Urban

99.6% of population

Unimproved Rural

0.3% of population

Unimproved Total

0.4% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

0.4% of population

Education Expenditures

4.6% of GDP (2013)

Ethnic Groups

Croat 90.4%, Serb 4.4%, other 4.4% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Romani), unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS Adult Prevalence Rate

<.1% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS Deaths

<100 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS People Living With HIV/AIDS

1,600 (2018 est.)

Hospital Bed Density

5.6 beds/1,000 population (2015)

Infant Mortality Rate

Female

9.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Male

8.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Total

9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages

Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Female

79.6 years

Male

73.2 years

Total Population

76.3 years (2018 est.)

Literacy

Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Female

98.9% (2015)

Male

99.7%

Total Population

99.3%

Major Infectious Diseases

Degree Of Risk

intermediate (2016)

Vectorborne Diseases

tickborne encephalitis (2016)

Major Urban Areas Population

685,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2019)

Maternal Mortality Rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median Age

Female

45.3 years

Male

41.4 years

Total

43.3 years (2018 est.)

Mother's Mean Age at First Birth

28 years (2014 est.)

Nationality

Adjective

Croatian

Noun

Croat(s), Croatian(s)

Net Migration Rate

-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Obesity Adult Prevalence Rate

24.4% (2016)

Physicians Density

3.13 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Population

4,270,480 (July 2018 est.)

Population Growth Rate

-0.51% (2018 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 86.3%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.5%, not religious or atheist 3.8% (2011 est.)

Sanitation Facility Access

Improved Rural

95.8% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Total

97% of population (2015 est.)

Improved Urban

97.8% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Rural

4.2% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Total

3% of population (2015 est.)

Unimproved Urban

2.2% of population (2015 est.)

School Life Expectancy Primary To Tertiary Education

Female

16 years (2016)

Male

14 years

Total

15 years

Sex Ratio

0 14 Years

1.06 male(s)/female

15 24 Years

1.05 male(s)/female

25 54 Years

1 male(s)/female

55 64 Years

0.95 male(s)/female

65 Years And Over

0.67 male(s)/female

At Birth

1.06 male(s)/female

Total Population

0.93 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Total Fertility Rate

1.41 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Unemployment Youth Ages 15 24

Female

27.7% (2017 est.)

Male

27.1%

Total

27.4%

Urbanization

Rate Of Urbanization

-0.08% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Urban Population

57.2% of total population (2019)

Administrative Divisions

20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)

Capital

Daylight Saving Time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Geographic Coordinates

45 48 N, 16 00 E

Name

Zagreb

Time Difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

Citizenship By Birth

no

Citizenship By Descent Only

at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia

Dual Citizenship Recognized

yes

Residency Requirement For Naturalization

5 years

Constitution

Amendments

proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)

History

several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990

Country Name

Conventional Long Form

Republic of Croatia

Conventional Short Form

Croatia

Etymology

name derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D.

Former

People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Local Long Form

Republika Hrvatska

Local Short Form

Hrvatska

Diplomatic Representation From The Us

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador W. Robert KOHORST (since 12 January 2018)

Embassy

2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Zagreb

Fax

[385] (1) 661-2373

Mailing Address

use embassy street address

Telephone

[385] (1) 661-2200

Diplomatic Representation In The Us

Chancery

2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Chief Of Mission

Ambassador Pjer SIMUNOVIC (since 8 September 2017)

Consulate's General

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Fax

[1] (202) 588-8936

Telephone

[1] (202) 588-5899

Executive Branch

Cabinet

Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly

Chief Of State

President Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (since 19 February 2015)

Election Results

Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%

Elections Appointments

president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 December 2014 and 11 January 2015 (next to be held in 2019); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly

Head Of Government

Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018)

Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia

Government Type

parliamentary republic

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

International Law Organization Participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International Organization Participation

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial Branch

Highest Courts

Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)

Judge Selection And Term Of Office

president of Supreme Court nominated by the president of Croatia and elected by the Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by the National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70

Subordinate Courts

Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside of the judicial system

Legal System

civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations

Legislative Branch

Description

unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms

Election Results

percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; number of seats by coalition/party - HDZ coalition 61, People's Coalition 54, Most-HL 13, Only Option 8, minorities 8 (includes SDSS 3), other 7; composition - men 123, women 28, percent of women 18.5%

Elections

last held on 11 September 2016 as a snap election following dissolution of the Assembly on 15 July 2016 (next to be held by 23 December 2020)

National Anthem

Lyrics Music

Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN

Name

"Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia

National Symbol S

red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue

Political Parties And Leaders

Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA] Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV] Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS] Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG] Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS] Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC] Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [David BREGOVAC] Croatian Party of Rights - Dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Hrvoje NICE] Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK] Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA] Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR] Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC] Human Shield (Zivi Zid) [Vilibor SINCIC] Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC] Independents for Croatia or NHR [Bruna ESIH] Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC] Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC] Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC] Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC] People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC] Power-People&rsquo;s and Civic Engagement Party or SNAGA [Goran ALEKSIC] Smart Party or PAMETNO [Marijana PULJAK] Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Davor BERNARDIC]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture Products

arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products

Budget

Expenditures

24.83 billion (2017 est.)

Revenues

25.24 billion (2017 est.)

Budget Surplus Or Deficit

0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central Bank Discount Rate

31 December 2016

3.5%

31 December 2017

3%

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

31 December 2016

4.97%

31 December 2017

4.23%

Current Account Balance

2016

$1.338 billion

2017

$2.15 billion

Debt External

31 December 2016

$46.96 billion

31 December 2017

$48.1 billion

Distribution Of Family Income Gini Index

2014

32.1

2015

30.8

Economy Overview

Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia’s economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6%, led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable.Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year between 2009 and 2014, but has picked up since the third quarter of 2014, ending 2017 with an average of 2.8% growth. Challenges remain including uneven regional development, a difficult investment climate, an inefficient judiciary, and loss of educated young professionals seeking higher salaries elsewhere in the EU. In 2016, Croatia revised its tax code to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment. Income tax reduction began in 2017, and in 2018 various business costs were removed from income tax calculations. At the start of 2018, the government announced its economic reform plan, slated for implementation in 2019.Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Croatian economy, comprising 19.6% of Croatia’s GDP. Croatia is working to become a regional energy hub, and is undertaking plans to open a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal by the end of 2019 or early in 2020 to import LNG for re-distribution in southeast Europe.Croatia joined the EU on July 1, 2013, following a decade-long accession process. Croatia has developed a plan for Eurozone accession, and the government projects Croatia will adopt the Euro by 2024. In 2017, the Croatian government decreased public debt to 78% of GDP, from an all-time high of 84% in 2014, and realized a 0.8% budget surplus - the first surplus since independence in 1991. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets with mixed success. Croatia’s economic recovery is still somewhat fragile; Croatia’s largest private company narrowly avoided collapse in 2017, thanks to a capital infusion from an American investor. Restructuring is ongoing, and projected to finish by mid-July 2018.

Exchange Rates

2013

5.7482

2014

6.8583

2015

6.806

2016

6.8

2017

6.62

Currency

kuna (HRK) per US dollar -

Exports

2016

$13.88 billion

2017

$13.15 billion

Exports Commodities

transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Exports Partners

Italy 13.4%, Germany 12.2%, Slovenia 10.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.8%, Austria 6.2%, Serbia 4.8% (2017)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

GDP Composition By End Use

Exports Of Goods And Services

51.1% (2017 est.)

Government Consumption

19.5% (2017 est.)

Household Consumption

57.3% (2017 est.)

Imports Of Goods And Services

-48.8% (2017 est.)

Investment In Fixed Capital

20% (2017 est.)

Investment In Inventories

0% (2017 est.)

GDP Composition By Sector Of Origin

Agriculture

3.7% (2017 est.)

Industry

26.2% (2017 est.)

Services

70.1% (2017 est.)

GDP Official Exchange Rate

$54.76 billion (2017 est.)

GDP Per Capita Ppp

2015

$22,800

2016

$23,800

2017

$24,700

GDP Purchasing Power Parity

2015

$95.97 billion

2016

$99.37 billion

2017

$102.1 billion

GDP Real Growth Rate

2015

2.4%

2016

3.5%

2017

2.8%

Gross National Saving

2015

24.5% of GDP

2016

23.4% of GDP

2017

24.7% of GDP

Household Income Or Consumption By Percentage Share

Highest 10

23% (2015 est.)

Lowest 10

2.7%

Imports

2016

$19.76 billion

2017

$22.34 billion

Imports Commodities

machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs

Imports Partners

Germany 15.7%, Italy 12.9%, Slovenia 10.7%, Hungary 7.5%, Austria 7.5% (2017)

Industrial Production Growth Rate

1.2% (2017 est.)

Industries

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Inflation Rate Consumer Prices

2016

-1.1%

2017

1.1%

Labor Force

1.559 million (2017 est.)

Labor Force By Occupation

Agriculture

1.9%

Industry

27.3%

Services

70.8% (2017 est.)

Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares

31 December 2015

$22.6 billion

31 December 2016

$19.98 billion

31 December 2017

$18.33 billion

Population Below Poverty Line

19.5% (2015 est.)

Public Debt

2016

82.3% of GDP

2017

77.8% of GDP

Reserves Of Foreign Exchange And Gold

31 December 2016

$14.24 billion

31 December 2017

$18.82 billion

Stock Of Broad Money

31 December 2016

$11.64 billion

31 December 2017

$14.2 billion

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad

31 December 2016

$6.358 billion

31 December 2017

$8.473 billion

Stock Of Direct Foreign Investment at Home

31 December 2016

$35.65 billion

31 December 2017

$43.71 billion

Stock Of Domestic Credit

31 December 2016

$41.38 billion

31 December 2017

$39.97 billion

Stock Of Narrow Money

31 December 2016

$11.64 billion

31 December 2017

$14.2 billion

Taxes And Other Revenues

46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate

2016

15%

2017

12.4%

Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Consumption Of Energy

17.96 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude Oil Exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Imports

55,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude Oil Production

14,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude Oil Proved Reserves

71 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity Access

100% (2016)

Electricity Consumption

15.93 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Exports

3.2 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity From Fossil Fuels

45% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity From Hydroelectric Plants

40% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Nuclear Fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity From Other Renewable Sources

16% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity Imports

8.702 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity Installed Generating Capacity

4.921 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity Production

12.2 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Natural Gas Consumption

2.577 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Exports

172.7 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Imports

1.841 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Production

1.048 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural Gas Proved Reserves

24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Consumption

73,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Exports

40,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Imports

35,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined Petroleum Products Production

74,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Broadband Fixed Subscriptions

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

26 (2017 est.)

Total

1,095,881

Broadcast Media

the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; 29 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 4 national radio networks and 23 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and 117 local radio stations (2019)

Internet Country Code

.hr

Internet Users

Percent Of Population

72.7% (July 2016 est.)

Total

3,135,949

Telephone System

Domestic

fixed-line teledensity has dropped somewhat to about 33 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions 101 per 100 (2018)

General Assessment

the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital; telecoms market in Croatia has been shaped by Croatia becoming part of the European Union in 2013, a process which opened up the market and the creation of a regulatory environment leading to competition; mobile market has one of the highest penetration rates in the Balkans region; trials for 5G technologies underway (2018)

International

country code - 385; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik (2019)

Telephones Fixed Lines

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

33 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

1,401,354

Telephones Mobile Cellular

Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants

101 (2017 est.)

Total Subscriptions

4,315,580

Airports

69 (2013)

Airports With Paved Runways

1 524 To 2 437 M

3 (2017)

2 438 To 3 047 M

6 (2017)

914 To 1 523 M

3 (2017)

Over 3 047 M

2 (2017)

Total

24 (2017)

Under 914 M

10 (2017)

Airports With Unpaved Runways

1 524 To 2 437 M

1 (2013)

914 To 1 523 M

6 (2013)

Total

45 (2013)

Under 914 M

38 (2013)

Civil Aircraft Registration Country Code Prefix

9A (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant Marine

By Type

bulk carrier 28, oil tanker 14, other 89 (2018)

Total

131

National Air Transport System

Annual Freight Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

775,320 mt-km (2015)

Annual Passenger Traffic On Registered Air Carriers

1,782,666 (2015)

Inventory Of Registered Aircraft Operated By Air Carriers

46 (2015)

Number Of Registered Air Carriers

3 (2015)

Pipelines

2410 km gas, 610 km oil (2011)

Ports And Terminals

Major Seaport S

Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split

Oil Terminal S

Omisalj

River Port S

Vukovar (Danube)

Railways

Standard Gauge

2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (980 km electrified) (2014)

Total

2,722 km (2014)

Roadways

26,958 km (includes 1,416 km of expressways) (2015)

Waterways

785 km (2009)

Military And Security Forces

Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) consists of five major commands directly subordinate to a General Staff: Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM, includes coast guard), Air Force and Air Defense Command (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo I Protuzracna Obrana), Joint Education and Training Command, Logistics Command; Military Police Force supports each of the three Croatian military forces (2017)

Military Expenditures

2015

1.78% of GDP

2016

1.62% of GDP

2017

1.67% of GDP

2018

1.59% of GDP

2019

1.68% of GDP

Military Service Age And Obligation

18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2017)

Disputes International

dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements

Illicit Drugs

primarily a transit country along the Balkan route for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe and other illicit drugs and chemical precursors to and from Western Europe; no significant domestic production of illicit drugs

Refugees And Internally Displaced Persons

2,886 (2018)