1986 Edition

Agriculture

main crops — wheat, potatoes, corn, sugar beets, onions, beans, fruits; net agricultural importer

Airfields

80 total, 70 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 2 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 26 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

375 total, 339 usable; 50 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 53 with runways 1, 220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard

four-man Military Junta, which exercises constituent and legislative powers and has delegated executive powers to President; the President has announced a plan for transition from military to civilian rule pursuant to Constitution; state of siege lifted June 1985; National Congress (Senate, House of Representatives) dissolved; civilian judiciary remains

Army of the Nation, National Navy, Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile

Budget

(1978 est.) total revenue $34.1 million, total expenditures $36.6 million

revenues, $6.5 billion; expenditures, $7.2 billion (1984)

Capital

Santiago

Civil air

3 major transport aircraft

22 major transport aircraft

Coastline

6,435 km People

Communists

120,000 when PCCh was legal in 1973; active militants now estimated at about 20,000-50,000

Crude steel

765,000 metric tons capacity (1980); 700,000 metric tons produced (1980); 683,000 metric tons produced (1984)

Elections

prohibited by decree; all electoral registers were destroyed in 1974 Political parties and leaders: all political parties are officially recessed or outlawed but have been allowed to function on a very limited basis since 1982; National Party (PN), Patricio Philips; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Sergio Fernandez; National Unity Movement (MUN), Andres Allamand; Movement of National Action (MAN), Federico Willoughby; Radical Party (PR), Enrique Silva Cimma; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Luis Bossay; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Gabriel Valdes; Republican Right, Hugo Zepeda; Socialist Party, Ramon Silva Ulloa and Julio Stuardo (the PR, PSD, PDC, Republican Right, and some elements of the Socialist Party form the Democratic Alliance [AD] ); Movement of Unitary Popular Action (MAPU); Movement of Unitary Popular Action — Workers/ Peasants (M APU-OC), Bias Tomic and Oscar Garreton Purcell; Christian Left (1C), Luis Maira; Communist Party of Chile (PCCh), Luis Corvalan Lepe (in exile); Socialist Party— Almeyda faction (PSCh/Alm), Clodomiro Almeyda (in exile); Socialist Party— Altamirano faction (PSCh/Alt), Carlos Altamirano (in exile); Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Andres Pascal Allende (in exile); the MIR, PSCh/Alm, and PCCh form the leftist Popular Democratic Movement (MDP)

Electric power

3,300,000 kW capacity (1985); 13 billion kWh produced (1985), 1, 094 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

95% European and European-Indian, 3% Indian, 2% other

Exports

$3.7 billion (f.o.b., 1984); copper, molybdenum, iron ore, paper products, steel products, fishmeal, fruits, wood products

Fiscal year

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 4 million metric tons (1983); exports $275.5 million (1984)

GDP

$19.2 billion (1984), $1,590 per capita; 71% private consumption, 15% government consumption; 14% gross investment (1984); real growth rate 6.3% (1984)

Government leaders

Gen. Augusto PINOCHET Ugarte, President (since September 1973); Adm. Jose Toribio MERINO Castro (since September 1973), Air Force Gen. Fernando MATTHEI Aubel (since July 1978), Army Lt. Gen. Julio CANESSA Roberts (since December 1985), Gen. Rodolfo STANCE Oelkers (since August 1985), Junta members

Highways

31,300 km total; 28 km bituminous, 7,300 km gravel and laterite, remainder unimproved

78,025 km total; 9,365 km paved, 37,700 km gravel, 32,000 km improved and unimproved earth

Imports

$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 1984); petroleum, sugar, wheat, capital goods, vehicles

Infant mortality rate

27.2/1,000(1981)

Inland waterways

approximately 2,000 km navigable • t*J i '-

725 km

Labor force

3.0 million total employment (1982); 33% industry and commerce; 31% services; 9% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 9% mining; 5% construction

Land boundaries

6,325 km Water

Language

Spanish

Legal system

based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; current constitution came into effect in March 1981; the constitution provides for continued direct rule until 1989, with a phased return to full civilian rule by 1997; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 63.8, women 70.4

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

3 nm

Literacy

90%

Major industries

copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, pulp, paper, and forestry products

Major trade partners

France and Central African Customs and Economic Union countries

exports — 26% US, 11% Japan, 10% FRG, 6.2% Brazil, 5.4% UK (1984); imports— 21.5% US, 9% Japan, 8.5% Brazil, 7.2% Venezuela, 6.2% FRG (1983)

Member of

CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB — Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, LAIA, OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1984, $8.7 million; about 25% of total budget South Pacific Ocean Punta Arenas. Sec regional map IV Conception Land 756,945 km2; larger than Texas; 47% barren mountain, desert, and urban; 29% forest; 15% permanent pasture, meadow; 7% other arable; 2% cultivated

Military manpower

males 15-49, 1,194,000; 616,000 fit for military service; about 49,000 reach military age (20) annually

males 15-49, 3,249,000; 2,445,000 fit for military service; about 123,000 reach military age (19) annually

Monetary conversion rate

475 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$l (1985)

178 pesos=US$l (November 1985)

National holiday

Independence Day, 18 September

Nationality

noun — Chilean(s); adjective — Chilean

Natural resources

copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum

Official name

Republic of Chile

Organized labor

12% of labor force organized into labor unions (1982) Government

Other political or pressure groups

revitalized university student federations at all major universities dominated by political groups; labor — National Workers Command (CNT) includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church

Pipelines

crude oil, 755 km; refined products, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km

Political subdivisions

12 regions plus one metropolitan district, 41 provincial subdivisions

Population

12,261,000 (July 1986), average annual growth rate 1.8%

Ports

10 major, 13 minor

Railroads

none

8,478 km total; 4,257 km 1.676meter gauge, 135km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 4,221 km 1.000-meter gauge; electrification, 1,578km, 1.676-meter gauge, 76 km 1.000-meter gauge

Religion

89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant

Suffrage

none Chile (continued)

Supply

primarily dependent on France

Telecommunications

fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links; 5,000 telephones (0. 1 per 100 popl.); 1 FM, 3 AM stations; many facilities, including satellite ground station, inoperative Defense Forces

modern telephone system based on extensive radio-relay facilities; 629,000 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl.); 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas; 3 domestic satellite stations; 153 AM, 126 TV stations Defense Forces

Type

republic

Voting strengt h

(1970 presidential election) 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 congressional election) 56% Democratic Confederation (PDC and PN), 44% Popular Unity coalition