2016 Edition

Background

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before peace was restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and insurgents. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. In late 2015, the government imposed a state of emergency in the Lake Chad region following multiple attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram throughout the year; Boko Haram also launched several bombings in N'Djamena in mid-2015. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. In January 2014, Chad began a two-year rotation on the UN Security Council.

Area

1.284 million sq km 1,259,200 sq km 24,800 sq km

land

1,259,200 sq km

total

1.284 million sq km

water

24,800 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than three times the size of California

Climate

tropical in south, desert in north

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

543 m lowest point: Djourab 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m

elevation extremes

lowest point: Djourab 160 m

highest point

Emi Koussi 3,415 m

mean elevation

543 m

Environment - current issues

inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified

Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Geographic coordinates

15 00 N, 19 00 E

Geography - note

Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries not long ago - geologically speaking - what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the "Green Sahara" exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 sq km (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea

note 1

Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries

note 2

not long ago - geologically speaking - what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the "Green Sahara" exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site

note 3

Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 sq km (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea

Irrigated land

300 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

6,406 km Cameroon 1,116 km, Central African Republic 1,556 km, Libya 1,050 km, Niger 1,196 km, Nigeria 85 km, Sudan 1,403 km

border countries (6)

Cameroon 1,116 km, Central African Republic 1,556 km, Libya 1,050 km, Niger 1,196 km, Nigeria 85 km, Sudan 1,403 km

total

6,406 km

Land use

39.6% arable land 3.9%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 35.7% 9.1% 51.3% (2011 est.)

agricultural land

39.6%

forest

9.1%

other

51.3% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Africa, south of Libya

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Natural resources

petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Population - distribution

the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated

Terrain

broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south

Age structure

43.63% (male 2,622,700/female 2,549,035) 21.18% (male 1,225,731/female 1,285,150) 28.31% (male 1,525,208/female 1,830,530) 3.87% (male 202,044/female 256,936) 3% (male 146,957/female 208,171) (2016 est.)

0-14 years

43.63% (male 2,622,700/female 2,549,035)

15-24 years

21.18% (male 1,225,731/female 1,285,150)

25-54 years

28.31% (male 1,525,208/female 1,830,530)

55-64 years

3.87% (male 202,044/female 256,936)

65 years and over

3% (male 146,957/female 208,171) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

36.1 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Child labor - children ages 5-14

1,475,960 48% (2010 est.)

percentage

48% (2010 est.)

total number

1,475,960

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

28.8% (2015)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

4.8% (2010)

Death rate

14 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Demographic profile

Despite the start of oil production in 2003, 40% of Chad’s population lives below the poverty line. The population will continue to grow rapidly because of the country’s very high fertility rate and large youth cohort – more than 65% of the populace is under the age of 25 – although the mortality rate is high and life expectancy is low. Chad has the world’s third highest maternal mortality rate. Among the primary risk factors are poverty, anemia, rural habitation, high fertility, poor education, and a lack of access to family planning and obstetric care. Impoverished, uneducated adolescents living in rural areas are most affected. To improve women’s reproductive health and reduce fertility, Chad will need to increase women’s educational attainment, job participation, and knowledge of and access to family planning. Only about a quarter of women are literate, less than 5% use contraceptives, and more than 40% undergo genital cutting. More than 300,000 refugees from Sudan and almost 70,000 from the Central African Republic strain Chad’s limited resources and create tensions in host communities. Thousands of new refugees fled to Chad in 2013 to escape worsening violence in the Darfur region of Sudan. The large refugee populations are hesitant to return to their home countries because of continued instability. Chad was relatively stable in 2012 in comparison to other states in the region, but past fighting between government forces and opposition groups and inter-communal violence have left nearly 60,000 of its citizens displaced in the eastern part of the country.

Dependency ratios

100.7% 95.8% 4.9% 20.3% (2015 est.)

elderly dependency ratio

4.9%

potential support ratio

20.3% (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio

100.7%

youth dependency ratio

95.8%

Drinking water source

urban: 71.8% of population rural: 44.8% of population total: 50.8% of population urban: 28.2% of population rural: 55.2% of population total: 49.2% of population (2015 est.)

rural

55.2% of population

total

49.2% of population (2015 est.)

urban

28.2% of population

Education expenditures

2.9% of GDP (2013)

Ethnic groups

Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) 25.9%, Arab 12.6%, Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma 8.3%, Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi 7%, Gorane 6.8%, Masa/Musseye/Musgum 4.7%, Bulala/Medogo/Kuka 3.6%, Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat 3.6%, Marba/Lele/Mesme 2.9%, Dadjo/Kibet/Muro 2.5%, Mundang 2.5%, Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai 2.4%, Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe 2.3%, Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore 2%, Tupuri/Kera 2%, Tama/Assongori/Mararit 1.6%, Baguirmi/Barma 1.3%, Karo/Zime/Peve 1.3%, Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse 1%, other Chadian ethnicities 2.5%, Chadians of foreign ethnicities 0.6%, foreign nationals 2.5% (Sudanese 2%) (2009 est.)

Health expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2014)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2.04% (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

8,500 (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

165,600 (2015 est.)

Infant mortality rate

87 deaths/1,000 live births 92.5 deaths/1,000 live births 81.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)

female

81.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)

male

92.5 deaths/1,000 live births

total

87 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Life expectancy at birth

50.2 years 49 years 51.5 years (2016 est.)

female

51.5 years (2016 est.)

male

49 years

total population

50.2 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic 40.2% 48.5% 31.9% (2015 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic

female

31.9% (2015 est.)

male

48.5%

total population

40.2%

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever malaria and dengue fever schistosomiasis meningococcal meningitis rabies (2016)

animal contact disease

rabies (2016)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

respiratory disease

meningococcal meningitis

vectorborne diseases

malaria and dengue fever

water contact disease

schistosomiasis

Major urban areas - population

N'DJAMENA (capital) 1.26 million (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

856 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age

17.6 years 16.6 years 18.6 years (2016 est.)

female

18.6 years (2016 est.)

male

16.6 years

total

17.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

17.9 median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014/15 est.)

note

median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014/15 est.)

Nationality

Chadian(s) Chadian

adjective

Chadian

noun

Chadian(s)

Net migration rate

-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

6.6% (2014)

Physicians density

0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2006)

Population

11,852,462 (July 2016 est.)

Population distribution

the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated

Population growth rate

1.88% (2016 est.)

Religions

Muslim 58.4%, Catholic 18.5%, Protestant 16.1%, animist 4%, other 0.5%, none 2.4% (2009 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 31.4% of population rural: 6.5% of population total: 12.1% of population urban: 68.6% of population rural: 93.5% of population total: 87.9% of population (2015 est.)

rural

93.5% of population

total

87.9% of population (2015 est.)

urban

68.6% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

7 years 9 years 6 years (2011)

female

6 years (2011)

male

9 years

total

7 years

Sex ratio

1.04 male(s)/female 1.03 male(s)/female 0.95 male(s)/female 0.83 male(s)/female 0.79 male(s)/female 0.71 male(s)/female 0.93 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

0-14 years

1.03 male(s)/female

15-24 years

0.95 male(s)/female

25-54 years

0.83 male(s)/female

55-64 years

0.79 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.71 male(s)/female

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

total population

0.93 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.45 children born/woman (2016 est.)

Urbanization

22.5% of total population (2015) 3.42% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.42% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

22.5% of total population (2015)

Administrative divisions

23 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi-Est, Ennedi-Ouest, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira

Capital

N'Djamena 12 06 N, 15 02 E UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

12 06 N, 15 02 E

name

N'Djamena

time difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

no both parents must be citizens of Chad Chadian law does not address dual citizenship 15 years

citizenship by birth

no

citizenship by descent only

both parents must be citizens of Chad

dual citizenship recognized

Chadian law does not address dual citizenship

residency requirement for naturalization

15 years

Constitution

several previous; latest passed by referendum 31 March 1996, entered into force 8 April 1996; amended 2005 (2016)

Country name

Republic of Chad Chad Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad Tchad/Tshad named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word "tsade" means "large body of water" or "lake" in several local native languages

conventional long form

Republic of Chad

conventional short form

Chad

etymology

named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word "tsade" means "large body of water" or "lake" in several local native languages

local long form

Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad

local short form

Tchad/Tshad

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador James KNIGHT (since 6 September 2013) Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena B. P. 413, N'Djamena [235] 2251-70-09 [235] 2251-56-54

chief of mission

Ambassador James KNIGHT (since 6 September 2013)

embassy

Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena

FAX

[235] 2251-56-54

mailing address

B. P. 413, N'Djamena

telephone

[235] 2251-70-09

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador Mahamat Nasser HASSANE (since 21 May 2014) 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 [1] (202) 652-1312 [1] (202) 758-0431

chancery

2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission

Ambassador Mahamat Nasser HASSANE (since 21 May 2014)

FAX

[1] (202) 758-0431

telephone

[1] (202) 652-1312

Executive branch

President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. (since 4 December 1990) Prime Minister Albert Pahimi PADACKE (since 15 February 2016) Council of Ministers; members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 10 April 2016 (next to be held in April 2021); prime minister appointed by the president Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 61.6%, Saleh KEBZABO (UNDR) 12.8%, Laokein Kourayo MEDAR 10.7%, Djimrangar DADNADJI (MPS) 5.1%, other 9.8%

cabinet

Council of Ministers; members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

chief of state

President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. (since 4 December 1990)

election results

Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 61.6%, Saleh KEBZABO (UNDR) 12.8%, Laokein Kourayo MEDAR 10.7%, Djimrangar DADNADJI (MPS) 5.1%, other 9.8%

elections/appointments

president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 10 April 2016 (next to be held in April 2021); prime minister appointed by the president

head of government

Prime Minister Albert Pahimi PADACKE (since 15 February 2016)

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

note

similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

11 August 1960 (from France)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists) Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace

highest court(s)

Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)

judge selection and term of office

Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms

subordinate courts

High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace

Legal system

mixed legal system of civil and customary law

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; 118 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 70 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms) National Assembly - last held on 13 February and 6 May 2011 (next to be held on 30 September 2015) percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 117, UNDR 10, RDP 9, URD 8, RNDT/Le Reveil 8, Viva-RNDP 5, FAR 4, PUR 2, UDR 2, PDSA 2, CTPD 2, other minor parties 19

description

unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; 118 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 70 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms)

election results

percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 117, UNDR 10, RDP 9, URD 8, RNDT/Le Reveil 8, Viva-RNDP 5, FAR 4, PUR 2, UDR 2, PDSA 2, CTPD 2, other minor parties 19

elections

National Assembly - last held on 13 February and 6 May 2011 (next to be held on 30 September 2015)

National anthem

"La Tchadienne" (The Chadian) Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD adopted 1960

lyrics/music

Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD

name

"La Tchadienne" (The Chadian)

note

adopted 1960

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

National symbol(s)

goat (north), lion (south); national colors: blue, yellow, red

goat (north), lion (south); national colors

blue, yellow, red

Political parties and leaders

Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART (includes MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP) Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR] National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE] National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO] Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Jean-Baptiste LAOKOLE] Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY] Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA] Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Sande NGARYIMBE]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Budget

$1.524 billion $2.037 billion (2015 est.)

expenditures

$2.037 billion (2015 est.)

revenues

$1.524 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.7% of GDP (2015 est.)

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2009) 4.75% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.5% (31 December 2015 est.) 15.5% (31 December 2014 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.392 billion (2015 est.) -$1.242 billion (2014 est.)

Debt - external

$2.802 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $2.857 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

43.3 (2011 est.)

Economy - overview

Chad’s landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad’s economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes about one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking. Nearly all of Chad’s fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales. Chad’s fiscal position is encumbered by declining oil prices, though high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in recent years. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for much public and private sector investment. Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015.

Exchange rates

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - 591.45 (2015 est.) 494.42 (2014 est.) 494.42 (2013 est.) 510.53 (2012 est.) 471.87 (2011 est.)

Exports

$3.965 billion (2015 est.) $4.179 billion (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities

oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter

Exports - partners

US 58.5%, India 13.3%, Japan 11.3%, China 4.1% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition, by end use

68.8% 4.4% 31.2% 0.2% 27.4% -32% (2015 est.)

exports of goods and services

27.4%

government consumption

4.4%

household consumption

68.8%

imports of goods and services

-32% (2015 est.)

investment in fixed capital

31.2%

investment in inventories

0.2%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

53.2% 13.6% 33.1% (2015 est.)

agriculture

53.2%

industry

13.6%

services

33.1% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,600 (2015 est.) $2,700 (2014 est.) $2,500 (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars

note

data are in 2015 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

1.8% (2015 est.) 6.9% (2014 est.) 5.7% (2013 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$10.89 billion (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$30.47 billion (2015 est.) $29.94 billion (2014 est.) $28.01 billion (2013 est.) data are in 2015 US dollars

note

data are in 2015 US dollars

Gross national saving

21.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 23% of GDP (2014 est.) 19.9% of GDP (2013 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

2.6% 30.8% (2003)

highest 10%

30.8% (2003)

lowest 10%

2.6%

Imports

$3.071 billion (2015 est.) $3.319 billion (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports - partners

France 16.5%, China 14.2%, Cameroon 11%, US 6.4%, India 6%, Belgium 5.7%, Italy 4.8% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

-8% (2015 est.)

Industries

oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.6% (2015 est.) 1.7% (2014 est.)

Labor force

5.268 million (2015 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

80% 20% (2006 est.)

agriculture

80%

industry and services

20% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

46.7% (2011 est.)

Public debt

33.5% of GDP (2015 est.) 33% of GDP (2014 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$382.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) $1.089 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of broad money

$1.976 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.751 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA (31 December 2010) $4.5 billion (2006 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$1.034 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.153 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.604 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.788 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

14% of GDP (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

300,000 Mt (2013 est.)

Crude oil - exports

105,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Crude oil - production

120,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)

Electricity - consumption

200 million kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2013 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2013 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

41,000 kW (2014 est.)

Electricity - production

200 million kWh (2014 est.)

Electricity access

10,477,071 4% 14% 1% (2013)

electrification - rural areas

1% (2013)

electrification - total population

4%

electrification - urban areas

14%

population without electricity

10,477,071

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2013 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 es)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

2,200 bbl/day (2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

2,215 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2013 est.)

Broadcast media

1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)

Internet country code

.td

Internet users

314,000 2.7% (July 2015 est.)

percent of population

2.7% (July 2015 est.)

total

314,000

Telephone system

inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high maintenance costs and low telephone density fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of about 45 per 100 persons country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)

domestic

fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of about 45 per 100 persons

general assessment

inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high maintenance costs and low telephone density

international

country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

17,029 less than 1 (July 2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

less than 1 (July 2015 est.)

total subscriptions

17,029

Telephones - mobile cellular

5.466 million 47 (July 2015 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

47 (July 2015 est.)

total

5.466 million

Airports

59 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

2

2,438 to 3,047 m

4

over 3,047 m

2

total

9

under 914 m

1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

11 (2013)

1,524 to 2,437 m

14

2,438 to 3,047 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

22

over 3,047 m

1

total

50

under 914 m

11 (2013)

National air transport system

28,332 mt-km (2015)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers

mt-km (2015)

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers

28,332

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers

1

number of registered air carriers

1

Pipelines

oil 582 km (2013)

Roadways

40,000 km consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)

note

consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)

total

40,000 km

Waterways

(Chari and Legone Rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)

Military branches

Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)

Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT)

Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)

Military expenditures

NA% (2012) 2.28% of GDP (2011)

Military service age and obligation

20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; while provisions for military service have not been repealed, they have never been fully implemented (2015)

Disputes - international

since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Refugees and internally displaced persons

309,669 (Sudan); 69,436 (Central African Republic); 7,917 (Nigeria) (2016) 58,748 (majority are in the east) (2016)

IDPs

58,748 (majority are in the east) (2016)

refugees (country of origin)

309,669 (Sudan); 69,436 (Central African Republic); 7,917 (Nigeria) (2016)