1985 Edition

Agriculture

main products — livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products, feedgrains, oilseeds, tobacco; food shortages— fresh fruits and vegetables

main crops — corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food

commercial — cotton, coffee, peanuts, sesame, wood; main food crops manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes

Aid

economic — (received US, $1.8 billion Ex-Im Bank, FY70-81); Canada commitments to LDCs, bilateral ODA and OOF, $14. 2 billion (1970-82)

Airfields

1,557 total, 1,328 usable; 395 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 323 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

6 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanentsurface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

67 total, 59 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,4403,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Area

9,976,139 km2; slightly larger than the US; 44% forest; 42% waste or urban; 8% inland water; 4% cultivated; 2% meadow and pasture

Branches

federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament (282 seats) consisting of Queen represented by Governor General, Senate, and House of Commons; judges appointed by Governor General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal

Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Canadian Forces Europe, Training Command

National People's Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP); Army, Navy, and Air Force are separate components of FARP

Gen. AndreDieudonne Kolingba is Chief of State and President of the Military Committee for National Recovery, which replaced the Council of Ministers; no legislature; separate judiciary

Army, Air Force

Budget

total revenues $61. 68 billion; current expenditures $80.82 billion; budget deficit $19.14 billion (1983)

$20.4 million public revenue, $26.7 million current expenditures (1984)

(1983) revenues $95.3 million; current expenditures $113.7 million; official foreign debt $268.1 million (1983)

Capital

Ottawa

Praia Cape Verde (continued) Central African Republic

Bangui

Civil air

636 major transport aircraft

2 major transport aircraft

3 major transport aircraft

Coastline

90,908 km People

965 km People

Communists

approx. 2,000

a few Communists, some sympathizers

no Communist party; small number of Communist sympathizers

Crude steel

12.7 million metric tons produced (1983)

Elections

legal limit of five years; but in practice usually held within four years; last election September 1984; voter turnout, 72% Political parties and leaders: Liberal, John Turner; Progressive Conservative, Brian Mulroney; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent

National Assembly election held December 1980, the first since independence Political parties and leaders: only legal party, African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Aristides Pereira, secretary general; PAICV established in January 1981 to replace the former ruling party in both Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), in protest of the November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau

none scheduled Political parties and leaders: political parties were banned in September 1981

Electric power

92,725,000 kW capacity (1984); 419. 118 billion kWh produced (1984), 16,670 kWh per capita

14,000 kW capacity (1984); 15 million kWh produced (1984); 50 k Wh per capita

46,000 kW capacity (1984); 80 million kWh produced (1984), 30 kWh per capita

Ethnic divisions

45% British Isles origin, 29% French origin, 23% other European, 1.5% indigenous Indian and Eskimo

about 71% Creole (mulatto); 28% African; 1% European

approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; 34% Baya, 28% Banda, 10% Sara, 9% Mandjia, 9% Mboum, 7% M'Baka; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 3,600 are French

Exports

$82.835 billion (f.o.b., 1983; principal items transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter

$1.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); fish, bananas, salt, flour

$113.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber

Fiscal year

1 April-31 March Communications

calendar year Communications

calendar year Communications

Fishing

catch 1.39 million metric tons (1982)

catch 10,381 metric tons (1982); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings

GDP

$616 million (1983), $244 per capita, -2.3% real growth (1983)

GNP

$313.6 billion (1983), $12,592 per capita (1983); 58.7% consumption, 19.9% investment, 21.5% government, 0.2% net foreign trade; —.3% change in inventories; real growth rate 3.2% (1976-83)

$106 million (1982 prov.); $353 per capita GNP (1982); 0% growth rate (1978)

Government leader

Gen. Andre-Dieudonne KOLINGBA, Chief of State and President of the Military Committee for National Recovery (since September 1981)

Government leaders

Brian MULRONEY, Prime Minister (since September 1984); Jeanne SAUVE, Governor General (since May 1984)

Aristides PEREIRA, President (since July 1975); Pedro PIRES, Prime Minister (since July 1975)

Highways

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

20,560 km total; 454 km bituminous, 10,196 km improved earth, 12,690 km unimproved earth

Imports

$72.267 billion (f.o.b., 1983); principal items transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Cape Verde

$68.1 million (c.i.f., 1983); petroleum products, corn, rice, machinery, textiles

$136.5 million (f.o.b., 1983 est); textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, Pharmaceuticals

Inland waterways

3,000 km

7,000 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams

Labor force

12.2 million (December 1983); 68% services (37% government, 23% trade and finance, 8% transportation), 18% manufacturing, 6% construction, 4% agriculture, 5% other; 11.9% unemployment (1983 average); 11.1% unemployment (December 1983)

bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture Government

1,320,000(1983); 88% agriculture, 4% industry and commerce, 4% services, 4% government; approximately 64,000 salaried workers

Land boundaries

9,010 km Water

4,981 km People

Language

English and French official

Portuguese and Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words

French (official); Sangho, lingua franca and national language

Legal system

based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system " based on French law prevails; constitution as of 1982 (formerly British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on constitution

based on French law; constitution, which was approved in February 1981 referendum, was suspended after September 1981 military takeover; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts

Limits of territorial waters

12 nm (economic, including fishing, 200 nm)

Limits of territorial waters (claimed)

12 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Literacy

99%

37%

est. 33%

Major industries

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

salt mining

sawmills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting

Major trade partners

imports — 71.6% US, 5.9% Japan, 2.4% UK; exports— 72.7% US, 5.0% Japan, 2.7% UK, 2.0% USSR (1983)

Portugal, UK, Japan, African neighbors

exports'—France, Belgium, Japan, US; imports — France and other EC countries, Japan, Algeria, Yugoslavia

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDB— InterAmerican Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, PAHO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Economy

FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Economy

Af DB, Conference of East and Central African States, KAMA, EGA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, UEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Economy

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1983 the defense budget was $6.6 billion; about 9.7% of central government budget Santo Antao ^nd.,o Xc ,,Sa° * . ,-N~_ "-^ Vicente Sao Nicolau North Atlantic Ocean 70km Sal Boa Vista b OFogo do i0ir JWa/o Sao Tiago Land 4,040 km2, divided among 1 0 islands and several islets; slightly larger than Rhode Island Water

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $15 million; about 5% of central government budget See regioni) map VII Land 622,984 km2; slightly smaller than Texas; 8085% meadow, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, or waste; 10-15% cultivated; 5% dense forest

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1983; $12.2 million; about 14.5% of central government budget

Military manpower

males 15-49, 7,028,000; 6,014,000 fit for military service; 197,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 86,000; 50,000 fit for military service

males 15-49, 586,000; 303,000 fit for military service

Monetary conversion rate

1.322 C$=US$1 (2 January 1985)

89.27 escudos=US$l (November 1984)

422.25 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$l (February 1984)

National holiday

Canada Day, 1 July

Independence Day, 5 July

Independence Day, 13 August; National Day, 1 December

Nationality

noun — Canadian(s); adjective— Canadian

noun — Cape Verdean(s); adjective— Cape Verdean

noun — Central African(s); adjective— Central African

Official name

Canada

Republic of Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Organized labor

33% of labor force Government

1 % of labor force Government

Pipelines

oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km

Political subdivisions

10 provinces and 2 territories

10 islands

14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures

Population

25,399,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 1.0%

315,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.0%

2,667,000 (July 1985), average annual growth rate 2.8%

Ports

13 major, numerous minor

2 major (Mindelo and Praia), 2 minor

Railroads

66,372 km total; 65,096 km 1.435meter standard gauge, 63 km electrified; 1,131 km 1.067-meter gauge (in Newfoundland); 145 km 0.914-meter gauge

none

Religion

46% Roman Catholic, 18% United Church, 12% Anglican

Catholicism, fused with local superstitions

25% Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 24% indigenous beliefs, 10% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority

Shortages

rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal over age 15

universal over age 21

Supply

mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, USSR, FRG, South Korea, and PRC

Telecommunications

excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 16.2 million telephones (67. 1 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage, including 630 AM, 80 FM, 500 TV stations; 6 coaxial submarine cables; 3 satellite stations with total of 5 antennas and 1 00 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

interisland radiorelay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal and Guinea-Bissau, about 1,740 telephones (0.6 per 100 popl.); 2 FM 2 AM stations; 1 small TV station; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

facilities are meager; network is composed of low-capacity, lowpowered radiocommunication stations and radio-relay links; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces

Type

federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign

republic

republic, under military rule since September 1981

Voting strength

(1984 election) Progressive Conservative, 50%; Liberal, 28%; New Democratic Party, 19%; parliamentary seats as of December 1984 — Progressive Conservative (121), Liberal (40), New Democratic Party (30), independent (1)