1988 Edition

Administrative divisions

10 provinces divided into departments, arrondissements, districts, led by provincial governors appointed by President

Boundary disputes

none; maritime disputes with France, US

Branches

executive (President), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court)

Capital

Yaounde

Climate

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

temperate; warm, dry, summer precipitation very erratic

tropical marine with warm summers and cool winters

Coastline

243,791 km

965 km

160 km

Communists

no Communist party or significant number of sympathizers

Comparative area

slightly larger than US

slightly larger than Rhode Island

less than twice the size of Washington, D. C.

Continental shelf

200 meters or to depth of exploitation

Elections

parliamentary elections held May 1983; presidential elections held January 1984 Cameroon (continued) Canada Political parties and leaders: Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (known as the Cameroon People's National Union during 1966-85), Paul Biya, President

Environment

80% of population concentrated within 160 km of US border; continuous permafrost in north a serious obstacle to development

subject to prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active; deforestation; overgrazing

within the Caribbean hurricane belt, but rarely affected

Ethnic divisions

45% British Isles origin, 29% French origin, 23% other European, 1.5% indigenous Indian and Eskimo

Exclusive fishing zone

200 nm

200 nm

Extended economic zone

200 nm

Government leader

Paul BIYA, President (since November 1982)

Infant mortality rate

9.1/1,000 (1982)

Labor force

12.88 million (1986 average); 68% services (37% government, 23% trade and finance, 8% transportation), 18% manufacturing, 6% construction, 3.8% agriculture, 4.2% other; 9.6% unemployment (1986 average)

Land boundaries

9,010 km total

Land use

5% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 3% meadows and pastures; 35% forest and woodland; 57% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

9% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 6% meadows and pastures; NEGL% forest and woodland; 85% other; includes 1% irrigated

0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 8% meadows and pastures; 23% forest and woodland; 69% other

Language

English and French (official)

Legal system

based on French civil law system, with common law influence; unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review by Supreme Court when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Life expectancy

men 71.9, women 79

Literacy

99%

Maritime claim

(measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)

Member of

AfBD, KAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDE— Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, QIC, UDEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

National Day, 20 May

Nationality

noun — Canadian(s); adjective— Canadian

Organized labor

30.6% of labor force; 39.6% of nonagricultural paid workers

Other political or pressure groups

Cameroon People's Union (UPC), remains an illegal group with its factional leaders in exile

Population

25,857,943 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 0.91%

Religion

46% Roman Catholic, 16% United Church, 10% Anglican

Special notes

second largest country in world; strategic location between USSR and US via polar route

strategic location 500 km from African coast near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site

important location between Cuba and Central America

Suffrage

universal over age 21

Terrain

mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

low lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs

Territorial sea

12 nm

12 nm

3 nm

Total area

9,976,140 km2; land area: 9,220,970 km2

4,030 km2; land area: 4,030 km2

260 km2; land area: 260 km2

Type

unitary republic; one-party presidential regime

Ethnic divisions

about 71% Creole (mulatto), 28% African, 1% European

40% mixed, 20% white, 20% black, 20% expatriates of various ethnic groups

Infant mortality rate

60/1,000 (1983)

Labor force

bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture

8,061; 18.7% service workers, 18.6% clerical, 12.5% construction, 6.7% finance and investment, 5.9% directors and business managers (1979)

Language

Portuguese and Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words

English

Life expectancy

61

Literacy

37%

97.5%

Nationality

noun — Cape Verdean(s); adjective — Cape Verdean

noun — Caymanian(s); adjective— Caymanian

Organized labor

Global Seaman's Union; Cayman All Trade Union

Population

344,282 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 2.61%

23,192 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 3.46%

Religion

Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs

United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant denominations

Administrative divisions

10 provinces and 2 territories

2 distritos subdivided into 14 concelhos

8 electoral districts

Branches

federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament (282 seats) consisting of Queen represented by Governor General, Senate, and House of Commons; judges appointed by Governor General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal

56-member National People's Assembly; the official party is the supreme political organization

executive — Governor and Executive Council (3 appointed official members and 4 elected members chosen by the Legislative Assembly from its elected members); legislative — unicameral Legislative Assembly (12 elected members and 3 appointed by Governor); judicial — Summary Court, Grand Court, Cayman Islands Court of Appeal, Her Majesty's Privy Council

Capital

Ottawa

Praia

George Town

Communists

2,000

a few Communists and some sympathizers

none

Elections

legal limit of five years but in practice usually held within four years; last election September 1984; 75% voter turnout Political parties and leaders: Liberal, John Turner; Progressive Conservative, Brian Mulroney; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent

National Assembly election held December 1985, the second since independence Political parties and leaders: only legal party, African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Aristides Pereira, secretary general; PAICV established in January 1981 to replace the former ruling party in both Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), in protest of the November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau

elections held every four years Political parties and leaders: no formal political parties

Government leader

George Peter LLOYD, Governor and President of the Executive Council (since 1982)

Government leaders

Brian MULRONEY, Prime Minister (since September 1984); Jeanne SAUVE, Governor General (since May 1984)

Aristides PEREIRA, President (since July 1975); Pedro PIRES, Prime Minister (since July 1975)

Legal system

based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution as of 1982 (formerly British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

based on constitution

British common law and local statutes

Member of

ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDE — Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC— International Whaling Commission, IWC — International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, PAHO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO

Commonwealth

National holiday

Canada Day, 1 July

Independence Day, 5 July

Constitution Day, 8 July

Official name

Canada

Republic of Cape Verde

Cayman Islands

Suffrage

universal over age 18

universal over age 15

universal adult over age 18

Type

federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign

republic

British dependent territory

Voting strength

(1984 election) Progressive Conservative, 50%; Liberal, 28%; New Democratic Party, 19%; parliamentary seats as of December 1986 — Progressive Conservative 209, Liberal 40, New Democratic Party 30, vacant 3

Agriculture

commercial and food crops — coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice

livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products, feedgrains, oilseeds, tobacco; food shortages — fresh fruits and vegetables

main crops — bananas, coffee, sugarcane, corn, beans

minor production of vegetables and livestock, turtle farming

Aid

US, including Ex-Im Bank (FY70-84), $1.9 billion; ODA and OOF economic aid commitments (1970-84), $18.5 billion

Budget

revenues, $1.6 billion; current expenditures, $2.3 billion (1986-87 projected)

total revenues $61.32 billion; current expenditures $84.91 billion; budget deficit $23.59 billion (1985)

public revenues, $20.4 million; current expenditures, $26.7 million (1984)

Crude steel

15.0 million metric tons produced (1985); 590 kg per capita

Electric power

604,000 kW capacity; 4,200 million kWh produced, 2,540 kWh per capita (1986)

99,298,000 kW capacity; 448,840 million kWh produced, 17,500 kWh per capita (1986)

14,000 kW capacity; 18 million kWh produced, 56 kWh per capita (1986)

29,000 kW capacity; 90 million kWh produced, 4,090 kWh per capita (1986) Cayman Islands (continued)

Exports

$855.2 million (f.o.b., 1984); crude oil, cocoa, coffee, timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, tea, mineral products, food, alcohol, metal and metal products, textiles, wood products

$88.1 billion (f.o.b., 1985); principal items — transportation equipment; wood and wood products, including paper; ferrous and nonferrous ores; crude petroleum; wheat; Canada is a major food exporter

$1.6 million (f.o.b., 1983); fish, bananas, salt, flour

Fiscal year

1 July-30 June

1 April-31 March

calendar year

Fishing

75,000 metric tons (1984)

catch 1.25 million metric tons (1984)

catch 13,205 metric tons (1983); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings

GDP

$7.3 billion (1983-84), about $770 per capita; average annual growth rate 6.5% (1984); average inflation rate 15% (1984)

$366.0 billion, $14,280 per capita; 61.4% consumption, 19.7% investment, 17.2% government, 0.8% net foreign trade; no change in inventories (1986); real growth rate 3.0% (1985-86); inflation rate 4.2% (1986)

$225.0 million, $10,227 per capita (1982)

GNP

$110 million, $320 per capita (1983) Cayman Islands

Imports

$1.101 billion (f.o.b., 1984); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food, beverages, electrical equipment, chemical products

$75.3 billion (f.o.b., 1985); principal items — transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables

$68.1 million (c.i.f., 1983); petroleum products, corn, rice, machinery, textiles

Major industries

crude oil production, small aluminum plant, food processing, light consumer goods industries; sawmills

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas

salt mining

tourism, banking, insurance and finance, real estate and construction

Major trade partners

most trade with France, other EC countries, and the US

imports— 71.6% US, 5.9% Japan, 3.0% UK; exports— 78.5% US, 4.9% Japan, 2.0% UK, 1.3% USSR (1985)

Portugal, UK, Japan, Angola, Zaire

Monetary conversion rate

331.24 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l (November 1986)

C$1.373=US$1 (8 January 1987)

89.21 escudos=US$l (December 1985)

Natural resources

oil, natural gas, bauxite, iron ore, timber

nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, forests, wildlife

salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin

Shortages

rubber, fruits, precision instruments

Airfields

63 total, 58 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

1,407 total, 1,076 usable; 412 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 306 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Canada (continued) Cape Verde

6 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Branches

Army, Navy, Air Force; paramilitary Gendarmerie

Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air Command, Communications Command, Canadian Forces Europe, Training Command

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP); Army, Navy, and Air Force are separate components of FARP

Civil air

7 major transport aircraft

636 major transport aircraft

2 major transport aircraft

Highways

about 65,000 km total; includes 2,682 km bituminous, 30,000 km unimproved earth, 32,318 km gravel, earth, and improved earth

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

Inland waterways

2,090 km; of decreasing importance

3,000 km, including St. Lawrence Seaway

Military budget

for fiscal year ending 30 June 1987, $153.6 million; 6.5% of central government budget 1200km Vancouver Calgary Set regional map II iTTAWA 'oronto

for fiscal year ending 31 March 1986, $8.0 billion; about 10.3% of central government budget 75 km North At/antic Ocean Mtio ^PRAIA Stfo Tiego

for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $15 million; about 5% of central government budget Caribbean Sea Cayman Brae* Little" Cayman <J r&£.nd Cayman GEORGETOWN Caribbean Sea

Military manpower

males 15-49, 2,345,000; 1,181,000 fit for military service; 111,000 reach military age (18) annually

males 15-49, 7,036,000; 6,183,000 fit for military service; 189,000 reach military age (17) annually

males 15-49, 64,000; 38,000 fit for military service

Pipelines

oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km

Ports

1 major (Douala), 3 minor

over 250 ports of which 25 are sizeable deep water ports

2 major (Mindelo and Praia), 2 minor

Railroads

1,173 km total; 858 km 1.000meter gauge, 145 km 0.600-meter gauge

81,088 km total; 79,917 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 129 km electrified; 1,171 km 1.067-meter gauge (in Newfoundland); 178 km 0.915-meter gauge (unused)

Telecommunications

good system of open wire and radio-relay; 26,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Defense Forces

excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 18.0 million telephones (66.4 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage, including 900 AM, 80 FM, 1,100 TV stations; 6 coaxial submarine cables; 3 satellite stations with a total of 5 antennas and 300 domestic satellite stations Defense Forces

interisland radiorelay system, high frequency radio to mainland Portugal and Guinea-Bissau; about 1,740 telephones (0.6 per 100 pop!.); 2 FM, 5 AM stations; 1 small TV station; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station Defense Forces