2012 Edition

Background

Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863 and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried or are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local elections were held in Cambodia in April 2007, with little of the pre-election violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2008 were relatively peaceful.

Area

181,035 sq km 176,515 sq km 4,520 sq km

total

181,035 sq km

water

4,520 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Climate

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline

443 km

Elevation extremes

Gulf of Thailand 0 m Phnum Aoral 1,810 m

highest point

Phnum Aoral 1,810 m

lowest point

Gulf of Thailand 0 m

Environment - current issues

illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling Law of the Sea

party to

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified

Law of the Sea

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

4.08 cu km/yr (1%/0%/98%) 290 cu m/yr (2000)

per capita

290 cu m/yr (2000)

total

4.08 cu km/yr (1%/0%/98%)

Geographic coordinates

13 00 N, 105 00 E

Geography - note

a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Irrigated land

2,850 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

2,572 km Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

border countries

Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

total

2,572 km

Land use

20.44% 0.59% 78.97% (2005)

arable land

20.44%

other

78.97% (2005)

permanent crops

0.59%

Location

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos

Map references

Southeast Asia

Maritime claims

12 nm 24 nm 200 nm 200 nm

contiguous zone

24 nm

continental shelf

200 nm

exclusive economic zone

200 nm

territorial sea

12 nm

Natural hazards

monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts

Natural resources

oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Terrain

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Total renewable water resources

476.1 cu km (1999)

Age structure

31.9% (male 2,398,710/ female 2,373,652) 64.3% (male 4,621,781/ female 4,989,200) 3.8% (male 214,208/ female 355,114) (2012 est.)

0-14 years

31.9% (male 2,398,710/ female 2,373,652)

15-64 years

64.3% (male 4,621,781/ female 4,989,200)

65 years and over

3.8% (male 214,208/ female 355,114) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

25.17 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

28.8% (2008)

Death rate

7.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Education expenditures

2.1% of GDP (2009)

Ethnic groups

Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%

Health expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2009)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.5% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

3,100 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

63,000 (2009 est.)

Hospital bed density

0.1 beds/1,000 population (2004)

Infant mortality rate

54.08 deaths/1,000 live births 61.02 deaths/1,000 live births 46.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

female

46.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

total

54.08 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

Life expectancy at birth

63.04 years 60.66 years 65.53 years (2012 est.)

female

65.53 years (2012 est.)

total population

63.04 years

Literacy

age 15 and over can read and write 73.6% 84.7% 64.1% (2004 est.)

definition

age 15 and over can read and write

female

64.1% (2004 est.)

male

84.7%

total population

73.6%

Major cities - population

PHNOM PENH (capital) 1.519 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

very high bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

degree of risk

very high

food or waterborne diseases

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases

dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

Maternal mortality rate

250 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Median age

23.3 years 22.6 years 24 years (2012 est.)

female

24 years (2012 est.)

male

22.6 years

total

23.3 years

Nationality

Cambodian(s) Cambodian

adjective

Cambodian

noun

Cambodian(s)

Net migration rate

-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Physicians density

0.227 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

14,952,665 (July 2012 est.) estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

1.687% (2012 est.)

Religions

Buddhist (official) 96.4%, Muslim 2.1%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (1998 census)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 67% of population rural: 18% of population total: 29% of population urban: 33% of population rural: 82% of population total: 71% of population

rural

82% of population

total

71% of population

urban

33% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

10 years 10 years 9 years (2007)

female

9 years (2007)

male

10 years

total

10 years

Sex ratio

1.04 male(s)/female 1.01 male(s)/female 0.93 male(s)/female 0.6 male(s)/female 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

15-64 years

0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over

0.6 male(s)/female

at birth

1.04 male(s)/female

total population

0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

under 15 years

1.01 male(s)/female

Total fertility rate

2.78 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Urbanization

20% of total population (2010) 3.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

rate of urbanization

3.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

urban population

20% of total population (2010)

Administrative divisions

23 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) Banteay Mean Choay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Choay, Pailin, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh)

municipalities

Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh)

provinces

Banteay Mean Choay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Choay, Pailin, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Capital

Phnom Penh 11 33 N, 104 55 E UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

geographic coordinates

11 33 N, 104 55 E

name

Phnom Penh

time difference

UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

promulgated 21 September 1993

Country name

Kingdom of Cambodia Cambodia Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) Kampuchea Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

conventional long form

Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form

Cambodia

former

Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

local long form

Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)

local short form

Kampuchea

Diplomatic representation from the US

Ambassador William E. TODD #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh Box P, APO AP 96546 [855] (23) 728-000 [855] (23) 728-600

chief of mission

Ambassador William E. TODD

embassy

#1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh

FAX

[855] (23) 728-600

mailing address

Box P, APO AP 96546

telephone

[855] (23) 728-000

Diplomatic representation in the US

Ambassador HENG HEM 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 [1] (202) 726-7742 [1] (202) 726-8381

chancery

4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

chief of mission

Ambassador HENG HEM

FAX

[1] (202) 726-8381

telephone

[1] (202) 726-7742

Executive branch

King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) [co-prime minister from 1993 to 1997]; Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007); KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008); KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009) Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch the king chosen by a Royal Throne Council from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king

cabinet

Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch

chief of state

King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)

elections

the king chosen by a Royal Throne Council from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king

head of government

Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) [co-prime minister from 1993 to 1997]; Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007); KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008); KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009)

Flag description

three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design

Government type

multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Independence

9 November 1953 (from France)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CICA (observer), EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority

Legal system

civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law

Legislative branch

bicameral, consists of the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) Senate - last held on 4 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); National Assembly - last held on 27 July 2008 (next to be held in July 2013) Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 77.8%, SRP 22.2%; seats by party - CPP 46, SRP 11; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 58%, SRP 22%, HRP 7%; NRP 6%; FUNCINPEC 5%; others 2%; seats by party - CPP 90, SRP 26, HRP 3, FUNCINPEC 2, NRP 2

election results

Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 77.8%, SRP 22.2%; seats by party - CPP 46, SRP 11; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 58%, SRP 22%, HRP 7%; NRP 6%; FUNCINPEC 5%; others 2%; seats by party - CPP 90, SRP 26, HRP 3, FUNCINPEC 2, NRP 2

elections

Senate - last held on 4 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); National Assembly - last held on 27 July 2008 (next to be held in July 2013)

National anthem

"Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom) CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime

lyrics/music

CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL

name

"Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom)

National holiday

Independence Day, 9 November (1953)

National symbol(s)

Angkor Wat temple; kouprey (wild ox)

Political parties and leaders

Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Cambodian National Rescue Party or NRP [SAM RANGSI also spelled SAM RAINSY]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Nationalist Party or NP former Norodom Ranariddh Party or NRP [SAO RANY] the NRP is a merger between the former Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA] and the Sam Rangsi Party or SRP

Political pressure groups and leaders

Cambodian Freedom Fighters or CFF; Partnership for Transparency Fund or PTF (anti-corruption organization); Students Movement for Democracy; The Committee for Free and Fair Elections or Comfrel human rights organizations; vendors

other

human rights organizations; vendors

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Agriculture - products

rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc), silk

Budget

$2.216 billion $2.934 billion (2012 est.)

expenditures

$2.934 billion (2012 est.)

revenues

$2.216 billion

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-5% of GDP (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate

NA% (31 December 2008) 5.25% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15.7% (31 December 2012 est.) 15.22% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.508 billion (2012 est.) -$1.158 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$5.071 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $5.03 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

44.4 (2007 est.) 40 (2004 est.)

Economy - overview

Since 2004, garments, construction, agriculture, and tourism have driven Cambodia's growth. GDP climbed more than 6% per year between 2010 and 2012. The garment industry currently employs more than 335,000 people and accounts for more than 75% of Cambodia's total exports. In 2005, exploitable oil deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a potential revenue stream for the government, if commercial extraction becomes feasible. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. The tourism industry has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year since 2007. Cambodia, nevertheless, remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by endemic corruption, limited educational opportunities, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. Approximately 4 million people live on less than $1.25 per day and 37% of Cambodian children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. The Cambodian government is working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 50% of the government budget comes from donor assistance. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance.

Exchange rates

riels (KHR) per US dollar - 4,075.4 (2012 est.) 4,058.5 (2011 est.) 4,184.9 (2010 est.) 4,139 (2009) 4,070.94 (2008)

Exports

$6.148 billion (2012 est.) $6.018 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear

Exports - partners

US 39.5%, Canada 8.2%, Germany 7.8%, UK 7.5%, Vietnam 6%, Japan 4.3% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP - composition by sector

34.7% 24.3% 41% (2012 est.)

agriculture

34.7%

industry

24.3%

services

41% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,400 (2012 est.) $2,300 (2011 est.) $2,100 (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

6.5% (2012 est.) 7.1% (2011 est.) 6.1% (2010 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$14.25 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$36.59 billion (2012 est.) $34.37 billion (2011 est.) $32.1 billion (2010 est.) data are in 2012 US dollars

Household income or consumption by percentage share

3% 37.3% (2007)

highest 10%

37.3% (2007)

lowest 10%

3%

Imports

$8.84 billion (2012 est.) $8.213 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products

Imports - partners

Thailand 24.6%, Vietnam 20.6%, China 19.9%, Singapore 7.8%, Hong Kong 6% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

5.7% (2010 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.5% (2012 est.) 5.5% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

19.1% of GDP (2012 est.)

Labor force

8.8 million (2010 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

57.6% 15.9% 26.5% (2009 est.)

agriculture

57.6%

industry

15.9%

services

26.5% (2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

31% (2007 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$3.732 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $4.069 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$5.695 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $5.037 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$3.689 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $3.115 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.094 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $965.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

15.6% of GDP (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

3.5% (2007 est.) 2.5% (2000 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

3.59 million Mt (2010 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)

Electricity - consumption

1.759 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels

95.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

3.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources

1.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports

842 million kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity

390,900 kW (2009 est.)

Electricity - production

1.137 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

39,350 bbl/day (2011 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports

34,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.)

Broadcast media

mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately-owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately-owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)

Internet country code

.kh

Internet hosts

13,784 (2012)

Internet users

78,500 (2009)

Telephone system

adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas fixed-line connections stand at about 4 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, is increasing rapidly and stands at 92 per 100 persons country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)

domestic

fixed-line connections stand at about 4 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, is increasing rapidly and stands at 92 per 100 persons

general assessment

adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas

international

country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

530,000 (2011)

Telephones - mobile cellular

13.757 million (2011)

Airports

16 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways

1 (2012)

1,524 to 2,437 m

2

2,438 to 3,047 m

3

914 to 1,523 m

1 (2012)

total

6

Airports - with unpaved runways

1 (2012)

1,524 to 2,437 m

2

914 to 1,523 m

7

total

10

under 914 m

1 (2012)

Heliports

1 (2012)

Merchant marine

bulk carrier 38, cargo 459, carrier 7, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 1 352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, Vietnam 1) (2010)

foreign-owned

352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, Vietnam 1) (2010)

total

544

Ports and terminals

Phnom Penh, Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville)

Railways

690 km 690 km 1.000-m gauge under restoration (2010)

total

690 km

Roadways

39,618 km 2,492 km 37,126 km (2009)

total

39,618 km

unpaved

37,126 km (2009)

Waterways

3,700 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2012)

Manpower available for military service

3,883,724 4,003,585 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

4,003,585 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

3,883,724

Manpower fit for military service

2,638,167 2,965,328 (2010 est.)

females age 16-49

2,965,328 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49

2,638,167

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

151,143 154,542 (2010 est.)

female

154,542 (2010 est.)

male

151,143

Military branches

Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2011)

Royal Cambodian Armed Forces

Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2011)

Military expenditures

3% of GDP (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation

conscription law of October 2006 requires all males between 18-30 to register for military service; 18-month service obligation (2006)

Disputes - international

Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands

Illicit drugs

narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders